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Building with bamboo

- the basics

building trust
international
Komitu Architects
Most pictures in the guide are from the construction of the More info on bamboo:
Kouk Khleang Youth Center by Komitu Architects.
* Front/Back cover Kouk Kouk Khleang Youth Center by Komitu www.inbar.int
Architects
www.guaduabamboo.com
Texts and photographs by Montana Rakz; Rakz Photography, Kevin www.chiangmailifeconstruction.com
Rowell; The Natural Builders, Anna Heringer, Susanna Alatalo, Sirpa www.bambooroo.net
Pietila, Maude Chaveau, Gregory Pellechi and Komitu Architects: www.naturalbuilding.com
Noora Aaltonen, Sisko Hovila, Tuuli Kassi, Maiju Suomi, Elina Tenho and www.komituarchitects.org
Inari Virkkala.

Drawings by Elina Tenho.

2
Building with bamboo:

The basics 4

Bamboo species 6

Harvesting 8

Useful tools for bamboo work 10

How to treat the bamboo 12

The treatment process 14

Jar test 16

Bamboo columns and beams 18

Making a beam 20

Weather protection 24

Other uses of bamboo 25

Designing with bamboo 26


Jörg Stamm: Bridge Liceo Frances,
Bamboo Green School, Bali Pereira with span of 52 m.

Bamboo as a building material is: Quick facts

Strong In India there is a saying that “after birth building purposes in the age of 3-8 years.
one cannot survive without bamboo”. The plant doesn’t die when harvested
Ductile The early human use of bamboo tools and starts growing again immediately
and technology may have preceded after harvesting.
Rapidly renewable the usage of the Stone Age tools, but
unlike stone, bamboo is perishable The yield of bamboo (weight/acreage/
Inexpensive and no record of the use has been year) is 25 times higher than timber. The
preserved. tensile strength of bamboo is relatively
Locally sourced high and can reach 370MPa.
Bamboo is an extremely sustainable
Beautiful building material. Bamboo plants renew Approximately 50 or 100 bamboo
themselves very fast, from 30cm to 100 species are preferred for use and
cm/day. As bamboo reaches maturity are undergoing some degree of
very fast, it should be harvested for domestication. However, there are
estimated to be nearly 2000 species.

4
Night Market Island Bar, Community Builders Training CBET Chi-Phat, Koh Kong,
Siem Reap Centre, Phnom Penh Wildlife Alliance

Bamboo in Construction:

Energy balances: construction methods are vital to the When sourced locally, bamboo forms a
use of bamboo in construction. Bamboo low-cost building material. Unfortunately,
Concrete 240 MJ/m3 structures should be lifted up from the it also has the reputation of being ”the
Steel 1500 MJ/m3 ground and protected by large eaves. poor man’s timber” and in contemporary
Wood 80 MJ/m3 Bamboo should also be treated with a building it has widely been replaced
Bamboo 30 MJ/m3 preservative, i.e.. borax. by industrial materials such as steel
and concrete. However, there are
(The amount of energy required to Because of its round, tubular form, jointing new technologies invented every day
produce a unit of a building material two or more bamboo members requires a concerning bamboo and its possibilities
with a certain level of land-bearing different approach to that of solid timber. are growing. Hence, it is important to
capacity.) Despite its high tensile strength, bamboo promote high quality bamboo buildings
is vulnerable to crushing and splitting. Also and enable making bamboo “the wise
Bamboo is vulnerable to the attacks variations in diameter, wall thickness and man’s material”.
of environmental agents, insects straightness must be considered when
and moulds. The right treatment and designing connections.

5
Few other commonly used species: hats and toys. It has great potential for
the rehabilitation of marginal lands and
Dendrocalamus giganteus is good for can be used to border agricultural areas
construction, paper production and as living fences, as a windbreak, or to
young shoots are good for vegetable prevent erosion along streams.
products.
Bambusa bambos’ culms are used for
Dendrocalamus asper is used as a house construction, scaffolding, rafters,
building material for heavy construction, thatching and roofing, handicrafts
and shoots are consumed as a and art objects. The raw material of
vegetable. this bamboo is an important source for
paper pulp and panel products. Shoots
Dendrocalamus latiflorus has sweet and seeds are edible and leaves are
edible shoots and is often used in light used as fodder and medicine.
construction.
Bambusa balcooa is often used as a
Bambusa vulgaris is widely planted and food source, in scaffolding, for paper
used for a variety of purposes, primarily pulp or wood chips.
for use in light construction, fences,
scaffolding, furniture, musical instruments Guadua Angustifolia Kunth is used for
Bamboo species and handicrafts purposes as furniture & crafts work, raw
construction material, panels (plywood,
Of the thousands of bamboo species Dendrocalamus strictus is used as a raw laminates, floors), bio-energy industry,
in the world, about 50 species exhibit material in paper mills and has edible musical instruments, houses, etc.
favourable properties for construction shoots.
related purposes, like flooring, panelling, Cambodian focus:
laminated lumber, etc. These woody Bambusa polymorpha’s culms are used Dendrocalamus Asper
bamboos (BAMBUSEAE) have the most for house construction, woven matting, “Chinese bamboo”
economical value. baskets, furniture, handicrafts, and as a
raw material for paper pulp and board Height 20 - 30 m
The Chinese bamboo Phyllostachys making. It is also suitable for landscaping. Diameter 8 - 20 cm
edulis (Moso) is the most commonly Growth Habit Clumping
utilized species for industrial bamboo Bambusa blumeana’s culms are used Climate Tropical - Subtropical
manufacturing in the world. China is the in construction, parquets, basketry, Hardiness -4 °C
largest producer, and almost all products furniture, concrete reinforcements, Origin Malaysia
in the West are made from this species. kitchen utensils, handicrafts, chopsticks,

6
same bamboo, cutted from
top

Pictures of bamboo leaves

same bamboo, cutted from Female bamboo.


middle
“Chinese bamboo”
BAMBOO
Dendrocalamus
NRO.1
KAMPONG CHAM PROVINCE asper, which in
TMOA PUM - VILLAGE
Cambodia is called “Chinese bamboo”
is used as a building material and
structural timber for heavy construction
such as houses and bridges.

D. A. is a strong species to work with, but


the vascular tissue tends to shrink at a
higher percentage on drying than that
of some of the other “building grade”
bamboos. Due to this, direct sunlightcutted in half.
Same bamboo “Chinese bamboo” “Khmer bamboo”
exposure for structural elements should Cambodia: Tmoa Pum Village Cambodia: Kroch Chhma
be limited as much as possible in the Kampong Cham Province Kampong Cham Province
final implementation, as this will reduce > Walls are strong enough for > Walls are thinner that in
opportunities for shrinkage/cracking and structural elements “Chinese bamboos
short term “wear” on the building.

7
Bamboo forest in
Kampung Cham province, 10 year old bamboo

Harvesting Age

Besides choosing the correct species of The bamboos you harvest should be... 10 YEARS
The OLD BAMBOO
maturity of the bamboo can
bamboo, the bamboos should be be recognized from the skin: young
harvested at the correct maturity and be • Straight bamboo (0-2 years) have a smooth,
given proper care. shiny skin and culm sheaths, whereas old
• Mature (3 - 8 years old) bamboo has fungi and mosses growing
Fiber density, diameter, wall thickness on the surface.
and even sugar/starch content can vary • As evenly thick as possible from top to
in a species given even minor differences bottom. The age of a bamboo culm should be
in temperature or soil nutrient. at least 3 years old but not more than
8 years. Once bamboo is older than 8
The individual quality of the bamboos will years, it starts to dry and gradually loses it
affect the final building design as well. mechanical properties.

8
1m
5 m ->

Trench for irrigation

5 m ->
Bund, h=50cm

“Chinese bamboo” in Diameter of an bamboo


Koh Kong, Cambodia clump can be several meters

Best time to harvest Planting bamboo

The recommended time to harvest The moon phase: the starch content To plant your own bamboo grove of
bamboo is at the end of rainy season - is lowest between the 6th and 8th medium-diameter, thick-walled species:
beginning of the dry season, as that is day after full moon due to the higher 5 x 5 meters spacing is optimal. This
when the sugar and moisture content in gravitation of the moon. requires 400 clumps per hectare, or 160
the bamboo plant is at its lowest. clumps per acre.
Time of day: best time to harvest
High starch content (end of dry season) bamboo, is before sunrise (between If the objective is to plant bamboo for
increases the chances of borer and 12pm to 6am), when most of the starch erosion control along riverbanks or to
fungi attacks and high moisture content is still in the roots and photosynthesis has protect an area from landslides and
(during rainy season) increases cracking not yet started. avalanches, the spacing can also be 3 x
during drying. 3 meters or even 2.5 x 2.5 meters. In such
Bamboo harvested in this manner has 3 cases, bamboo can be mixed together
It also matters in which time of the month advantages: they are less attractive to with appropriate, fast-growing timber
and day bamboos are harvested. insects, are less heavy to transport and species.
will dry faster.

9
Cord (black, D=6-8mm, L=100m) String line for marking distances
Sledge hammer 10 ratchet (cargo) straps 3cm wide

Cord
10 gauge (D=6-8mm,
steel wire List
L=100m) of equipment
Smooth
Cutters forsteel
for thebamboo work
bars D=10-12
wire mm 10 gauge steel wire
Wooden stake material for 7 stands
Smooth steel bar D= 1-1,2cm Treaded steel rod D= 1-1,2cm
+ washers and bolts

1 200
List of equipment for March 21st 2012
Standard lengths can be used if they’re close enough to indicated length.
Threaded steel rod D=10-12mm
Smooth steel bar D=1,2cm 6x8m+ Wooden
washers andpins D=1,2cm L=5m
bolts
10 ratchet (cargo) straps 3cm wide
Wood or metal stake material for 7 stands
Sledge hammer 10 ratchet (cargo) straps 3cm wide

150 300
Angle grinder with cut off wheel(s)
Useful tools for bamboo work Angle grinder with cut off wheel(s)
WoodenArborist
pins saw
D=12mm

10
Cord (black, D=6-8mm, L=100m) String line for marking distances
10 gauge steel wire Cutters for the wire

Electric saw

Arborist saw
10 gauge steel wire Cutters for the wire

Electric saw Sledge


Anglehammer
grinder with cut off wheel(s) 10 ratchet
Cutters (cargo)
for the wire straps 3cm wide

er drill

Drill bits (with a blunt end)


L=500mm, D=1,2cm

Sledge
Power hammer
drill Sledge hammer
10 ratchet (cargo) straps 3cm
Cord (black, D=6-8mm, L=100m)Arborist saw
wide String line for marking distances
Wooden stake material for 7 stands
auge steel wire Cutters for the wire
Drill bits (with a blunt end) L=500mm, D=1,2cm

1 200
10 gauge steel wire
Drill bits (w/blunt end L=500mm D=12mm 10 ratchet (cargo) straps 3cm wide String lineCutters for the wire
for marking distances
Shade cloth for protecting the bamboos +
Wooden stake material for 7 stands
people working out the details (approx.5x5m) 11
Insect attack on untreated
bamboo

Treatment

Bamboos must be treated properly Other ways to treat bamboos: Remember:


before building and preferably
protected against UV. The goal of - Boucherie method - Bamboo should still be fresh and green
the treatment is to fill the cells of the - Vertical immersion when treated.
bamboo with salt to prevent insects - Copper Chrome Arsenic (CCA)
etc. from eating their way through - Copper Chrome Boron (CCB) - If bamboos still have branch stumps
it. Traditionally bamboos have been - Zinc Chrome on them when they arrive on site this is
soaked in a local body of water, - Creosotes and LOSPs a good thing – freshly cut surface along
(preferably sea water) for some weeks, the length eases the penetration of
soaked for months in mud or smoked on the treatment to the middle part of the
a fire. bamboo trunks.

The most commonly used modern way


is to use borax/boric acid immersion,
which is a non-fixing preservative.

12
Borax

In the Kouk Khleang Youth Center (KKYC) Borax is a salt and a commonly used At KKYC two treatment pools of 8x2x1m
and CBET project in the Chi Phat Village, preservative. Boric acid is an acid used were built. Excluding the volume of the
two chemicals were used for protecting in e.g. rat poison. These chemicals are bamboos this means more or less 5000
the bamboos against the insects: Boric irritant so proper protective equipment litres of water. Having to use a regular
Acid and Borax Pentahydrate (Na2 B4 should be worn when dealing with them. hose it took some 8 hours to fill both of
O7 5H2O). This combination of boric acid the pools.
and borax in a ratio of 1:1.5 forms an In many countries including Cambodia
alkaline salt called Disodium octaborate these chemicals need to be imported The bamboos and the water in the pools
tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13 x 4H2O). It is and thus the delivery time can be up must be mixed every now and then to
also available in pre-mixed powder form, to 4-5 weeks. The chemicals come in make sure all the bamboos get evenly
usually under the commercial names: granular form so it is best to dissolve them treated and to ensure the salt does not
Tim-Bor or SoluBor, among others. in boiling water first. How you do this start crystallizing on top of the water. Also
depends on the circumstances you’re in. some mixture should be added every
The recipe for the bamboo bath is 95% At KKYC, an open fire was made and a now and then.
water, 2,5% Borax and 2,5% Boric acid. barrel of 100 litres was placed on top.

13
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\ ^F ) _
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 58
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of 2x8 metres and 0,5m deep, this means 7500 O5
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O5
W ¬
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 tWc!
# 58 umv. wApmv.8x e;K"
water, 200 kg of Borax and 200 kg of Boric Acid <
y
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  zpAA YZ \ ) ] ? L  [ ; qr   \)2J]eC L Ms 6 ^F _
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y82JzpAA = . 
= .  F
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y ab .{ Fc  4 AA !. |}y8=! .1yFcAA |}~
micals are very irritant so use protective equipment. Z
y 8 Z 1ii )j  
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ols with clean water. Leave enough space for
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strip
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BC
1

V!
much Turning the bamboos during
&
O5  8F . TU !?1a 5Y! Y3 €) cAA tchemicals c! );   ; i umv K"i)‚ . there    w `Apmv :^?1 .in 8x F Dƒ e; 
hot water €
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 5 €)  Y
! cAA )  ; ; "
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:^?1 are F the
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pool treatment
WD\)~ 
ixture of water, Borax and Boric acid in a barrel of y
€)
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1
2 J Š1 2J €) ~. ? ‰ zpAA  1D.  ;   =! ‹  .1yFO5BC  V!
€) 1Š1 .?D.  ‹ 
il chemicals have dissolved and pour into the pool y8 12 J{F1c AA |Z }y
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Mixture for the soaking: h
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Fill „ pools Z
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 clean ~ ~
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leave
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€
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6 M
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water, 1 yF O5
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Boric

Boric Acid 2.5% &8F acid ! YcAA in a; barrel  of 200L until chemicals
>„
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u = 2.n.! JF1TU   Z ‹ ’ 2J… a .b ~
 Z 2J
&
‘ €) 8F
=.n.! 1 Š1 ! Yhave cAA .?  dissolved ‹ ; D. ’ a ‹and 
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pour  Zinto 2Jthe pool
2!
I 2  †d 2 !<  ‡ :N    6 M '()†d Š
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€) 1Š1.?D.  ‹  
@A“ofh ” F18. ŒC •.Soak  I  6F 1‹ XY
cEg–” 10-14 € )
this means 7500 litres of water, 200 kg @A“ ” •.  )„ I bamboos F  6F ‹ E5 XY
TU for cEg–” ~ € days )
z‰
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h =F1.n.!   ‹ ’ a b
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-³Ÿ - Borax¡$and
¤^200
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of 7 days) TU and
^! u L
; "
K 2J  —d ˜  
d –
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(The chemicals are very irritant so please ^! L when ;K"2Jneeded —d˜
d™–”~
&
@A“ I 8F
   ”  2 ! Y!cAA  .
•  :N  I ;6 6F‹ M XY
ŠŽ ‰ c Eg–” ˆ  € ) );K"
amboos usefor one week (add mixture
protective equipment.)when needed) u
€) 1Š1.9. ?  D.  
‹


I  2! :N Clean 6 the Mchemicals ŠŽ ‰ˆ off  bamboos );K" with
Ι™-©™-"P(" (­- ^! ‘ = L .n.! ;K"2J—d  ‹ ˜ ’ 
da ™–b ”~
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running water
h F1ŒC)„F1E5TU~
‘ =
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cEg–”€)
.n.!   ‹ ’ ab
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-$H Q ŠG™­ (NB: Solution in the pools can be used
u
@A“  ” •.  I
Anna Heringer: Bamboo treatment
^! L for two
; K"2J or —d 6F ˜possibly
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d XY
™–”~ cEg–”
even three €) treatment
 ¥a™((­-͙(™N
I  2! :N6 MŠŽ ‰ˆ );K"
batches.)
pool in Bangladesh
^! L ;K"2J—d˜
d™–”~
the chemicals off the bamboos with running water ‘ =.n.!  ‹ ’ ab
 Z 2J

<8 15
PH strips show the difference with
untreated bamboo in the middle

Jar Test Tools for cutting

A simple jar test allows us to see how The difference in the cuts made by
much chemicals there are in the different saws. The top one has been cut
bamboos after a week of treatment. with a fine arborist saw so the surface
is smooth and the open ends of the
Take a small piece of the wall of the vascular tissue can still be seen. The
bamboo from next to the second node. bottom has been cut with a rough frame
Remove the outermost and innermost saw and no open tissue can easily be
layer of tissue and chop into small seen.
pieces. Put clean tap water (test to be
neutral) into a jar and put the bamboo The finer cut with its open tissue makes
pieces in. After a few hours test the water absorption of chemical water easier.
again and you can define the amount
of borax in the tissue. Repeat the test if
you don’t first see any absorption.

16


#
W i 67)j O
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Borax 2,5 % ` `aFb a .֙ F  58 4 !. k
Boric Acid 2,5% p.
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  Z  Z F F  f d &&
In a pool of 2x8 metres and 0,5m deep, this means 7500 O5
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Apmv .8x e;K"
O5
W ¬ TU3

³"  tWc!
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litres of water, 200 kg of Borax and 200 kg of Boric Acid <
y
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200L until chemicals have dissolved and pour into the pool y8


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) ; K" ')‚ ()†d  h ˆ  F Dƒ 3. The top part of the poles is usually quite thin and weak. b 'Ro 2% @o#*
€
u i `:^?1 You cannot take an element from the very top. If you don’t o#*6 ua;J:g]a! 3<#m Ia*
u z‰ 2J€) ‰1=! .1yFO5BC  V! hit the nodes in the lower part of the pole that looks strong, -f '
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b 'R @ o#x$Ia*
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o#*a;La;aI"
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Treatment ³–™%Ι-©™-"P(" (­- ‘ =
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Dry bamboos
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the roof and letfor
water2-3 days,
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to a lake or a river. Animals and plants will suffer.
protected from rain and direct sunlight
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of the beams in the building are so long that the pole R
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the ground while
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thick end of all the poles face the same 4. Drill holes for the pins. All pins are iB
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washers and bolts.
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(%/ :%8% &
)2/N
4) !!(!)!*/./+1+%
)(&/)1M<O22/%60%&8!
/%$:%  M 2/%60%&8!
1%.%(!,-/.+"/$!!*/%-!!(!)!*/-!"0((440.%*#-0.$.,+*#!.*+)0./
P+:'%2)&+8! :''%2)&+8! :
11#= =& %8%
+%(%*#,-/.4+02%((*+/0.!) 2/N P +
)(1=6/%$:% '%2)&+8! ' = =& 
6 /%$:%
1%.%(!,-/.+"/$!!*/%-!!(!)!*/-!"0((440.%*#-0.$.,+*#!.*+)0./
)2)0&%A :(%/ %8%)21%27
::%+2! ):2/N
4N)/2/N
%8% 2)M2/%60%&)&+(0N
P+2)&
/PP++<O1-'%2)&+8! '/1#1#=='%+1#=&
7=& /)(1-2/%$:%
1)&  8N%1#=2;+/& 9+1%2%+%=2;+5%&)5
6+/%$:%
.0*/%.!.//+ +%//+/$!-! 4) !!(!)!*/./+1+% +%(%*#,-/.4+02%((*+/0.!
F_6
!!,-0.$!
 )2)0&%A )21%27
:%+2! &:MM4N .,!+-/$!4)%#$/+0./.2!((
.,!+-/$!4)%#$/+0./.2!((
:(%/
(%/ 2/N '%2)&+8!
0%&6%0  4N =& )(
)( 1166/%$:%
)(%=&9 &=F
 )2)0&%A &EM2/%60%&8!
o`V_
)2)0&%A
)21%27)21&: (%/
 M : n
%8%
2/%60%&8! ) &
2/N' P +
: '%2)&+8!
(%/ : %8% ) '
2/N1#
P =
+ =&
'%2)&+8!
)21%27  )( )2)0&%A
1 
-!//$!!*
!!,-0.$!
) 6
'
2 /%$:%
1#
1 =
 =& &
-!/(( 1%.%(!,-/.+"/$!!*/%-!!(!)!*/-!"0((440.%*#-0.$.,+*#!.*+)0./
 )(
%*2!((1!*/%(/! 2/%60%&8!
1  6 )21%27
/%$:% : )2 1 : %8% )
.+"/$!!(!)!*/4.+'%*#/$!)%*.)((,++(+"+%(+1!-*%#$//+.!(/$!)
 0%&6%0
'
)21%27 )21 +&=F4N8/$N%1# %+7=12;+8!)(%=&9 9++1%2%+%=2;
&=F+(01%2<Q0
8N%1#=+2;5%&)5+/)'.'!& 9+01%2%+%=2;+5%&)5
!!,-0.$! %*2!((1!*/%(/! .,!+-/$!4)%#$/+0./.2!((
)21%27 ))22110%&6%04N/ %+7)(%=&96/%/ / :0>& )2/2O
"-+) )+%./0-!
)21%27)21)21%27)21 -!//$!!*
-!//$!!*
)21%27 .+"/$!!(!)!*/4.+'%*#/$!)%*.)((,++(+"+%(+1!-*%#$//+.!(/$!)
.+"/$!!(!)!*/4.+'%*#/$!)%*.)((,++(+"+%(+1!-*%#$//+.!(/$!)
"-+) )+%./0-!
%28;
-q"Z_v_:!m &e&J5@ ' 
   
"-+) )+%./0-!
6/%/$%28;18!:0>)2/2O 6/%/ $%28;18!
+(01%2<Q0
)%:%+%=2; :)0>'.'!
+5%&)54+(6)2/2O 0 +(01%2<Q0)'.'!0
W_ &J5@ h!&X 
    _]O_llX_ t
2. Treat the ends  
   
of& $7 
the 8!_
element :by

'soaking
":80%&)&+/%6%6/ )%:%+%=2; them )in(M*E a+small5%&)54+(6
,-+/!/%1!2++)%:%+%=2;
 )2)0&%A +%( +)(5%&)54+(6
1&M2/%60%&8!
& 02;+/%6%& :(%/:%8% ;/ )2/NP+'%2)&+8!'1#==&)(16/%$:%
W_ &J5@ h!&X&_]7 e&
8!":80%&)&+/%6%6/
{_gC_! )2-(M*E
pool of oil over & 7 
night  8! " :
+% 80%&)&+/%6%6/
to seal them from moisture.
-8Q:%%/%6&)7
,-+/!/%1!2++  )2)0&%A ) (M*E
+%( )( & 02;+/%6%&
6&&14M982/%60%&8!
/%6(0)&
,-+/!/%1!2++ )2)0&%A
7:(%/ %6%89 +%(
)21%27 :%8% )( 1 
&)2/N
;/(01%2), & 0
)M22/%60%&8!
1P+'%2)&+8!2 ; + /%6%&
=7%&:(%/ ; /
')(1#:=1%8%
=&)2/N
)'37 )(1P+'%2)&+8!
6/%$:% '1#==&)(16/%$:%
F_6E o`Q_ 2-+Z_%
"' -8Q:%%/%6&)76:%+2! 2- + %
&498:/%6(0)& - 8 Q:%%/%6&)7
4N/<OM2/%60%&)&+(0N 7)21%27
%6%89(01%2), 6 & 4 9 8 /%6(0)&
)21 /1-=27%& 7 %6%89
)&)21%27
)(1)'37  (01%2), )21 = 7%&  )( 1  )'37
J5@ ! X_]l !c 0)&
S
 X
_
:%+2!:4N/<OM2/%60%&)&+(0N/1-0%&6%0$ 
_
:%+2! 

: 4N &/ <O  '
M2/%60%&)&+(0N / 1- 2 )&
2)& 4N/ %+7)(%=&9+&=F8N%1#=2;+/& 9+1%2%+%=2;+5%&)5 
 0%&6%04N/ %+7 )(%=&9 0%&6%0 +&=F4N8/$N%1#
6/%/ %+7
%28; =12;+8!)(%=&9 / 9++1%2%+%=2;
:0>& )2/2O &=F+(01%2<Q0
8N%1#=+2;5%&)5 +/)'.'! & 9+01%2%+%=2;+5%&)5
.`e& ?3=J5@ !f &U_N_ 6/%/$%28;18!:0>)2/2O+(01%2<Q0)'.'!0
6/%/$%28;18!:0>)2/2O)%:%+%=2; +(01%2<Q0 )'.'!0
+5%&)54+(6
iB_ &`!L!X_]` &oK % <'
)%:%+%=2; + 5%&)54+(6
2. Treat the ends of the element by soaking )%:%+%=2;
them in a+small5%&)54+(6  )2)0&%A&M2/%60%&8!:(%/:%8%)2/NP+'%2)&+8!'1#==&)(16/%$:%
pool of oil over night to seal them from moisture.
/H_N_  5)2)0&%A
!L&M2/%60%&8!:(%/
 )2)0&%A :%8%&)2/N
)21%27 )M22/%60%&8!
1P+'%2)&+8!:(%/ '1#:=%8% =&)2/N
)(1P+'%2)&+8!
6/%$:% '1#==&)(16/%$:%
$_:fp_X_]o&K )21%27  ) 21 P4 _R5_)21%27 aI )21T _
'

0H_N_  5R5_a!L
$_:
  X_]X_]o&  P4_R5_a{__T_
$_:fp_F_6Y_R5_aT_ 5'

...Connecting beams and columns Element Treatment

6. When columns and floor or roof The bamboos must be treated with a
beams have been installed, a central UV-protective wood oil (i.e.. Linseed
pole should be measured in place and oil) to protect them against water and
added to support the upper part of the sun. It is best to do it to the ready-made
column. elements to avoid oiling parts you will not
use.
7. When the columns and the upper
floor beams have been installed, a 1. Treat all visible parts of the entire
fourth pole should be measured in place elements carefully by using a brush.
and added behind the central pole to Sponges and brushes can combust so
support the side beam. keep them in a well ventilated space.

2. Treat the ends of the elements by


soaking them in a small pool of oil
overnight to seal them from moisture.

24
Guadua Bamboo: Guadua Bamboo: Guadua Bamboo:
crushed bamboo flooring crushed bamboo beams corrugated bamboo roofing

Other uses of bamboo

Bamboo plays an important role in Modern manufacturing techniques allow Bamboo is also becoming a substitute for
local economies and is growing in the use of bamboo in timber-based wood in pulp and paper manufacturing;
national and international commercial industries, to provide bamboo flooring, about 25 per cent of the fibre used in the
importance in the Asia-Pacific region. board products, laminates and furniture. Indian paper industry each year comes
Worldwide, more than 2.5 billion people from bamboo (FAO 1998).
trade in or use bamboo. Developing composites would allow
the use of bamboo in a more controlled Bamboo shoots are an important food
Bamboos are multi-purpose crops, with way and thus make it more compatible crop on the international market as
more than 1500 documented uses. against more developed building well as locally and nationally. Bamboo
The most important traditional uses materials. Compressed bamboo roof furniture is an expanding business in
include housing, food and material for sheets set an attractive option for metal many countries. Worldwide domestic
handicrafts. sheet roofs. trade and subsistence use of bamboo
are estimated to be worth US$ 4.5 billion
per year.

25
RB2 - Roof beam 2
(modules FHI-LMNPQR)
-supported by a "middlecolumn"
by the stairs 11 70
0 6 000 4 500
9 pcs
3650
3 750
5 700 6 000 4 500
2 050
3 350
3650 3 750
5 500
1 850
3 150

11 700
2 050 3 650
5 700 6 000
3 350 3 750 4 500

1 850 3 650
5 500 6 000
3 150 3 750 4 500

Compilation instructions Compilation instructions


CBET eco toilet, Koh
Kouk Khleang Youth Center CDF training center Kouk
Bamboo
Khleang
Lenght
Youth
KongCenter
Amount

RB2-A1 5700 (2050+3650) 8 (first try to find 5700mm pieces, if


can't find then take 2050 and 3650)

Designing with bamboos RB2-A2 6000 16

RB2-B1 3350 8
Bamboo joints need to be designed with MAIN TYPES OF BAMBOO JOINTS Bamboo in Sustainable
RB2-B2 3750
Contemporary
16
Design:
great detail due to the hollow core of Bamboo joints. Rebecca Reubens, INBAR
RB2-B3 4500 16
the bamboo poles. Bamboo has linear RB2-C1 5500 (1850+3650) 8 (first try to find 5500mm pieces, if
fibres, so when a nail is hammered into can't find then take 1850 and 3650)

a bamboo culm, it invariably causes RB2-D1 3150 8


splitting.
Kouk Khleang youth center Construction drawings Architects' contact person: Elina Tenho

To avoid splitting, pre-drilled holes should Kouk Khleang community


Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Roof beam 2 elina.tenho@gmail.com
KOMITU architects
be used at the required points. One
can then use a variety of mechanical
joineries such as rivets, nut-bolt, screws.
For non kinetic joints, bamboo dowels
can be used in place of nails. Most
preferably, tied joints cause the least Beveled joint Scarf joint Fish mount joint One flange joint Two flange joint
amount of splitting.

26
JOINING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEMBERS
CBET eco toilet, CBET visitor centre,
Koh Kong Koh Kong CDF training centre

CBET eco toilet,


Koh Kong Kouk Khleang Youth Center Kouk Khleang Youth Center

27
Kouk Khleang Youth Center by Komitu Architects
building trust international

www.buildingtrustinternational.org

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