SLPOPE STABILITY AND SOIL SHEARING CAPCITY

I. SLOPE STABILITY
A. INFINITE φ σ τ φ c γ SLOPE

NORMAL AND SHEARING STRESS

 Ʈ = γ𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
 σ = γ𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝛽
FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING

WITHOUT SEEPAGE:
𝐶 𝑡𝑎𝑛φ
𝐹𝑆 = γ𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝛽𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

𝐶
𝐻𝑐𝑟 = γ𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝛽(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽−𝑡𝑎𝑛φ)
WITH SEEPAGE:
𝐶 (γsat −γw )𝑡𝑎𝑛φ
𝐹𝑆 = γ +
sat 𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝛽𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 γsat 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

WHERE:

𝐹𝑆= FACTOR OF SAFETY

C= COHESION OF SOIL

H=HEIGHT OF SOIL ABOVE THE INCLINED ROCK BED

γ= UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL

γsat = SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL

𝛽 = ANGLE OF LANDFILL TO THE HORIZONTAL

φ= ANGLE OF FRICTION
 B, FINITE SLOPE
F +F
1 2 d c
𝐹𝑆 = Wsinϴ 𝑚 = γH = satability number

4cd 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 1
𝐻= (
γ 1−cos(𝛽−φd)
) m
= stability factor

Situation 1. An infinite slope has an shear strength parameters at the interface of soil and rock as
follows c=25Kpa, р= 1850kg/m³, φ=20°

a. If H=15m and 𝛽=30°, find the safety against sliding.

b. Find the normal and shearing stress at the interface.
Situation 2. An infinite slope has an shear strength parameters at the interface of soil and rock as
follows c=25Kpa, γ =19KN/m³, φ=20°

a. If H=15m and 𝛽=30°, find the safety against sliding.

b. If 𝛽=25°, find the critical height
c. If the height at the verge of failure is 7m,find the minimum angle 𝛽 so that the slope is
stable.
Situation 3. An infinite slope has a following properties: Gs= 2.57, e=0.50, c=25 kPa, 𝛽=20°, H=5m.

a. Determine the saturated unit weight of the soil.

b. Determine the factor of safety against sliding. Consider seepage through the soil and
assume the ground water table is at the ground surface.
c. Determine the factor of safety against sliding if there is no seepage.
Situation4.

A cut slope was excavated in saturated clay as shown. The slope made a angle of 60° with
horizontal. When the slope of failure occurs, BC= 8m given the following: m=0.185, γ =18KN/m³,
Cu=2oKPa.
a. Determine the stability factor
b. Critical depth of cut
c. Angle of failure plane
Situation5.

A cut slope was excavated in saturated clay as shown. The soil has unit weight of 18KN/m³and
φ=20°. The soil has cohesion of 30KPa. The slope makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal and the
height of 10m. The trial failure plane is 20° from the horizontal.
a. Cohesive force along the failure plane
b. Frictional force along the failure plane
 c. Sliding force along the failure plane
d. Factor of safety against sliding

Situation 6. A cut is to be made in the soil that has γ =17KN/m³, C= 40KPa, and φ=30°.the slide of the
slope will make an angle of 30°. What depth of the cut slope will have the safety factor of 3
a. Find the value of the critical angle along which the maximum developed cohesion
occurs.
b. Determine the depth of cut.
SOLUTIONS :
Situation 1

Given:
C= 25 kPa
9.81 𝑘𝑁
𝜌 = 1850 kg/m3:𝛾 = 1850 (1000) = 18.15 𝑚3
ɸ= 20o

A.
𝛽= 30o
H= 15m
𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
𝛾𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 tan(20)
𝐹. 𝑆. = 2
+
18.15(18)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (30)tan(30) tan(30)

F.S. = 0.84 < 1.0 (Not Safe)

B.
𝜎 = 𝛾ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 = 18.15(15)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (30) = 204.19 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜏 = 𝛾ℎ𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 18.15(15) sin(30) cos(30) = 117.89𝑘𝑃𝑎

Situation 2

Given:
C= 25 kPa
𝜌 = 19 kN/m3
ɸ= 20o
A.
H= 15m
𝛽= 30o

𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
𝛾ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 tan(20)
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
19(15)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (30)tan(30) tan(30)

F.S. = 0.83<1.0 (Not Safe)

B.
𝛽= 25O
F.S. = 1.0 (Critical)
 𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
𝛾ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 tan(20)
1= +
19(𝐻)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (25)tan(25) tan(25)

H= 15.65m (Critical)

C.
F.S. = 1.0
H= 7.0 m
𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
𝛾𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 tan(20)
1= 2
+
19(7)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛽)tan(𝛽) tan(𝛽)

𝛽= 32.03o

Situation 3

Given:
Gs = 2.67 e = 0.50
C = 25 kPa ɸ = 30o
𝛽 = 20o H = 5m

A. 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = ?

𝛾𝑤 (𝐺𝑠+𝑒) 9.81(2.67+0.50) 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 1+𝑒
= 1+0.50
= 20.73 𝑚3

B.F.S. (seepage)

𝑐 (𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤 )𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = 2
+
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 (20.79 − 9.81)tan(30)
𝐹. 𝑆. = 2
+
20.79(5) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (20)tan(20) (20.79)tan(20)

F.S. = 1.57 > 1.0 (Safe)

C. F.S. (No Seepages)

𝐺𝑠(𝛾𝑤 ) 2.67(9.81) 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 1+𝑒
= 1+0.50
= 17.46 𝑚3
 𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ
𝐹. 𝑆. = +
𝛾ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

25 tan(30)
𝐹. 𝑆. = 2
+
17.46(5) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (20)tan(20) tan(20)

F.S. = 2.48 > 1.0 (Safe)

Situation 4

Given:
𝛽 = 60o 𝛾 = 18 kN/m3
BC = 8m 𝐶𝑢 = 20 𝑘𝑃𝑎
m = 0.185

A.
1 1
𝑆. 𝐹. = 𝑚 = 0.185 = 5.41
B.
𝐶𝑑 20
𝑚= : 0.185 = ; H = 6m
𝛾𝐻 18(𝐻)
C.
𝐶 20
𝐹. 𝑆. = ; 1 = ; 𝐶𝑑 = 20 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐶𝑑 𝐶𝑑

ϫ𝐴𝐷𝐸
6
tan(60) = 𝑋 ; X= 3.46
Ϫ𝐴𝐶𝐷
6
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 3.46+8 ; 𝜃 = 27.03

Situation 5

Given:
𝛾 = 18 kN/m3 𝛽 = 30o
ɸ = 20o H = 10 m
C = 30 kPa

A.
10
𝐹𝑐 = 𝐶(𝐴𝐶)(1𝑚) = 30 ( ) (1) = 877.14 𝑘𝑁
sin(20)
B.
𝐹𝑐 = µ𝑁 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ɸ(N)
1
𝑤 = 𝛾𝑉 = 18 ( ) (𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐶)(sin(10))
2
1 10 10
= 18 (2) (sin(30)) (sin(20)) = 913.88
𝐹𝑐 = tan(20) (913.88)(cos(30))
 Fc =312.57 KN
C.
Sliding Force = W cos (20)
= 913.88 sin (20)
Sliding Force = 312.57 KN
D.
𝐹𝑐 +𝐹𝑐
𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛(20)

877.14+312.57
𝐹. 𝑆. = 312.57
= 3.18> 1.0 (Safe)

Situation 6.
Given:
𝛾 = 17 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
C = 40 kPa
ɸ = 30o
F.S. = 3.0
A.
𝛽+ɸ𝑑 30+10.89
𝜃𝑐𝑟 = 2
= 2
= 20.45O

tan(ɸ) tan(30)
𝐹. 𝑆. = tan(ɸ ; 3.0 = tan(ɸ ; ɸ𝑑 = 10.89
𝑑) 𝑑)
B.
𝐶 40
𝐹. 𝑆. = ; 3.0 = ; C𝑑 = 13.33 𝑘𝑃𝑎
C𝑑 C𝑑

4C𝑑 sin𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠ɸ
𝐻= 𝛾
(1−cos(𝛽−ɸ𝑑 ))
𝑑

4(13.33) sin(30)cos(10.89)
𝐻= ( )
17 1 − cos(30 − 10.89)

H = 27.94 m