MODIFIABLE FACTORS BRAIN CANCER NON- MODIFIABLE FACTORS

•Exposure to ionizing radiation •Genetic factors

•Exposure to infections, allergens,& viruses •Male

•Electromagnetic fields •A personal hx of Cancer

(Initiation Phase) Exposure to carcinogens •Head Injury & Seizures

leads to
Other Therapies: Irritation and damage to cell structure

- Physical therapists (Promotion Phase) As adaptive mechanism, changes in cell morphology occurs

- Occupational therapist
Medications/Therapies:
•Corticosteroids
(Progression Phase) Constant exposure continue, the changes become irreversible causing gene mutations in DNA
that will result to
Diagnostic/Lab Tests:
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogene
•Complete hx & comprehensive
that will result to
Uncontrolled cell division and decreased apoptosis neurologic exam
that will result to
Hyperplasia of brain cells •MRI

•Anticonvulsants •PET
BRAIN TUMORS
•Osmotic Diuretics •CT and Brain Scan
(Mannitol)
•EEG
•Chemotherapy
•Tissue Sample (Biopsy)
BENIGN PRIMARY METASTATIC
•Radiation Therapy
Primary tumors of CNS tissue
Surgical Managements: Least arise from cells and structures Originate from
aggressive that are found within the brain; structures MALIGNANT
•Burr hole type Primary intracranial tumors that outside the
originate in the skull cavity but brain Invasive
•Craniotomy
not from brain tissue itself arise nature of the
•Craniectomy from supporting structures tumor

•Cranioplasty
 Focal Disturbances Compression of Infiltration or direct

•Headache Brain Tissue invasion of brain parenchyma

•Nausea

•Projectile Vomiting Destruction of Neural Tissue

that will result to
•Seizures Malfunction of Brain cells
that will result to
Tumor Growth
that will result to
Compression of adjacent tissue
leading to
Cushing’s Triad Edema & Venous Obstruction
•Hypertension (Due to breakdown of the blood-brain
•Bradypnea barrier by substances released by tumor cells)
•Bradycardia that will result to
Increase Intracranial Volume and Intracranial Pressure

Manifestations by Location:

Frontal Lobe Tumors

•Inappropriate Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe Cerebellum Tumors Pituitary Tumors
behavior Tumors
•Psychomotor •Visual disturbances •Disturbances •Endocrine dysfunction
•Recent Memory Loss
•Sensory deficits: seizures incoordination and
paresthesia, loss of •Visual deficits
•Personality Changes equilibrium
two-point •Headache
•Headache
discrimination,
•Inability to visual field deficits.
Concentrate

•Expressive Aphasia

•Motor Dysfunction
 Imbalanced Self-care deficit ( Interrupted family
Acute pain r/t Anxiety r/t Anxiety r/t fear of
Nutrition: feeding, bathing, and process r/t
tumor and dying, uncertainty,
toileting) r/t loss or anticipatory grief and
increase in ICP Less than body change in
impairment of motor the burdens imposed
requirements r/t appearance, or
and sensory functions by the care of the
cachexia due to altered lifestyle
and decreased person with terminal
treatment and tumor
cognitive abilities illness
effects, decreased
nutritional intake
and malabsorption

LEGENDS:

Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Manifestations

Diagnostic/ Lab Tests

Surgical Managements

Medications/ Therapies

Other Therapies

Nursing Diagnoses