Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. the household 4
3. sports 30
5. our home 52
7. at the cinema 78
a.
B.
e.
c.
f.
d.
e. Mr. Ronald Williams is the grandfather; he’s a retired computer and systems engineer.
5
Answer the following questions.
6
Unit 1
Listen, read and complete the blanks.
7
Listen, read and complete the blanks.
Is this a laptop?
.
This is a plant.
Is it a desktop?
?
.
.
.
Yes it is. .
Is it a tablet? Is it a painting?
No it isn’t. .
It’s an Ipod. .
8
Unit 1
Is this a house?
.
Is it an apartment?
.
.
That’s a stroller.
What’s that?
Is this a scarf? .
.
Is it a table cloth?
.
.
9
T H E FA M I LY & T H E R E L AT I V E S
Complete the sentences with your coach in your Audio Therapy Session
10
Unit 1
11
Teacher: “Good morning. I’m the teacher.”
Student: “Good morning. I’m a student.”
Student 1:“Hi!”
Student 2:“Hello”
Student:”Good bye”
Student:”bye, bye”
Students:”Good night”
You:”Good night” or “See you tomorrow”
12
Unit 1
Practice this dialogue this with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Janet: Good morning, sir. What’s your Janet: No, I don’t. I speak English and
name? Spanish.
Peter: sorry?
Peter: I don’t speak English very well be-
Janet: Where are you from?
cause I speak French with my relatives.
13
The Alphabet:
a e i o u
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X
14
Y Z
Unit 1
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Wh-Questions
Verb to be
Subject Pronouns
Possesive Adjectives
15
AT THE HIGH SCHOOL
T H I S I S A H I G H S C H O O L .
In the high school there are many classrooms.
16
Unit 2
This is Edward Williams English classroom, in this classroom there are more students, too.
There are lockers, desks, books and chairs in the classroom. On the desks there are pencils
and books.
There’s a bulletin board, a whiteboard, a loud speaker and a clock on the walls.
The English teacher is Miss. Green and the teacher’s aid is Mr. Carter, he helps the teacher
every day.
There’s a bookcase in the classroom with many books in it. There’s a globe and a pencil
sharpener on the bookcase.
17
Listen, read and complete the blanks.
18
Unit 2
That’s a pen.
Is that a pen?
.
Is it a laser?
.
.
19
Listen, read and complete the blanks.
20
Unit 2
22
Unit 2
CLASSROOM
23
Answer the following questions with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
G R A D U A T I O N D A Y
Teacher: Congratulations David, I heard that you’ll Answer the following questions.
graduate from middle school education this week.
What kind of behavior is mature and responsible?
David: Thank you, I’m really happy of finishing my
middle school education: Now I’ll begin my high
school education.
Teacher: You’re not a little child anymore; you’re a What do immature people do?
young adult now. You’re new teachers will expect
you to be responsible and mature.
24
Unit 2
Some Useful Remarks:
CLASSROOM
25
Some Useful Remarks:
D AY S O F T H E W E E K
7 days a week
MONDAY MON.
TUESDAY TUE.
WEDNESDAY WED.
THURSDAY THU.
FRIDAY FRI.
SATURDAY S AT.
SUNDAY SUN.
26
Unit 2
Write down the correct question words. Then interview another classmate in the Audio
Therapy Session.
Q U E S T I O N W O R D S
What, When, Where, How, Which
1. do you live? .
5. is your birthday? .
27
Some Useful Remarks:
COLORS
Marashino
Red
Ceyenne
Maroon
Plum
Eggplant
Purple
Grape
Orchid
Lavender
Carnation
Strawberry
Bubblegum Pink
Magenta
Salmon
Tangerine
Orange
Cantaloupe
Banana
Yellow
Lemon
Honeydew
Lime
Spring
Clover
Fem Green
Moss
Flora
Sea Foam
Spindrift
Teal
Blue
Sky
Turqouise
28
Unit 2
WH- QUESTIONS
Articles
a and an are used to refer to something specific in singular.
Subject pronoun
THEY: It´s used to talk about a group of people that doesn´t include you.
( Edward and Kimberly are siblings./They are siblings.)
29
SPORTS
I N T R O D U C T I O N S
He’s Nathan.
We’re swimmers.
She’s Melanie.
They’re athletes.
30
Unit 3
Jenny: You are .
You’re a .
You’re a .
Jenny: Who is the hockey player?
.
Jenny: What are Natasha and Tyler?
.
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Use the pronouns he/she/they/we/you with the correct verb to be, writing complete answers.
31
What’s your favorite sport or physical exercise?
32
Unit 3
S P O R T S A N D E X E R C I S E
Critical Thinking
Match each sport from the box with the correct clue 1 to 8.
3. We play with sticks and try to hit the hockey puck into a net.
4. We play with racquets and try to hit the ball over a net.
7. We play in teams and hit a large ball over a net with our hands.
33
Match the pictures with eight different sports.
Gymnastics
Jogging
Skating
Mountain cycling
Baseball
Snowboarding
Surfing
Rugby
34
Unit 3
D E S C R I B I N G P E O P L E
We use the verb to be to describe height and body build.
Ann is short.
2. Kate ________ a small girl.
F A C I A L F E A T U R E S
We use have and has to describe hair color, hair length and facial features.
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
of jeans.
36
Unit 3
Exercise reading and writing.
I _______________ not tall, but I _______________ not fat either. I _______________ long wavy hair
and a pony tail. Like most Puerto Rican, I _______________ blue eyes. Today I ______________ my
student uniform.
Yesterday I ________________ blue jeans and a yellow t-shirt. I went to watch a movie with my friend
Mara. She _______________ 154 cm tall and ______________ straight short hair. She ______________
37
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Exercise
Remember: height and body build with to be;hair color, length and facial features we use have or has;
clothes we use wearing.
My name is:
Exercise
Write about one of your classmates, then use the information to describe him/her to your coach in the
Audio Therapy session.
Remember: height and body build with to be;hair color, length and facial features we use have or has;
clothes we use wearing.
38
Unit 3
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Wh-Questions:
WHICH- is use to check the option that you prefer from a group of similar options.
Ex: Which is your favorite color?
A noun can be an object’s name, a place, a person’s title (i.e. =doctor), a gender or even a name.
Example:
Adjectives Exceptions
It’s still an adjective, because we could have “the blue sky”, “the funny joke”, and “the crazy man”. The adjective is
still describing the noun though they are not side by side.
An adjective is a word that gives instant information about a noun to make a clear picture of the noun in the mind
of the reader and create he feeling of the writer.
39
A city in the stateS
In the city there are many sites that you can visit, there are many skyscrapers. There are good
museums, galleries and exhibitions. There are from high culinary restaurants to hot-dog or pretzel
stands. There are all type of schools. There are many malls and supermarkets, where you can buy
whatever you want. You can find many hospitals with the latest crafts there are. There are high-
class hotels with the best sceneries. The parks are ecologically intelligent. The movie theaters
are nice you can find 3-D or even 4-D cinemas in the city nowadays. If you’re looking for a place
to live, you could rent a small studio, an apartment, a loft or a house. You can look up a place
whether in the city or in the suburbs. There are banks and bank tellers everywhere you look, but
there’s no need to go straight to a bank because you can withdraw cash from almost anywhere.
One of the mayor setbacks is the traffic; there are traffic jams all over the city, the good thing is
that you can grab a cab very easy at any time.. Night life is great, there are many places to go to,
for example: night clubs, theaters, bars, just to mention some.
40
Unit 4
Some typical professions and occupations in a city:
Stock clerks and order fillers Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
41
Practice this dialogue with your coach in your Audio Therapy session.
FAMISHED
B. Well, why don’t you ask Bob for some money? I’m hungry, too.
A. I’ll be getting money on Friday, and I’ll get back to you then.
42
Unit 4
CRITICAL THINKING
43
What’s your favorite kind of food?
44
Unit 4
PREPOSITIONS ON PLACE
In general, we use:
oN. for a SURFACE IN. for an ENCLOSED SPACE AT. for a POINT
AT IN ON
at home in a car on a bus
on the radio, on
at the bottom in the sky television
C. Since he met his new girlfriend, Juan never seems to be ______ home.
45
P R E P O S I T I O N S O F L O C AT I O N
CRITICAL THINKING
Study the prepositions in the box above and select the correct preposition for each of the sentences accord-
ing to the position in the map.
Main Street
Library Hospital
School Restaurant
Central Avenue
Train Church
Station
46
Unit 4
GIVING DIRECTIONS
47
Bank Police Store
Station
Main Street
Second Street
Fisrt Street
Library Hospital
School Restaurant
Central Avenue
Train Church
Station
Using the map and the directions above, practice with your coach how to give directions in the Audio
Therapy session.
(Go straight on Main Street. Turn right on Second Street. Turn left on
Central Avenue. It’s on the right).
(Turn right onto First Street. Go one block. Turn right on Main Street.
Go past the post office and the drugstore. It’s on the right.)
48
Unit 4
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present:
Auxiliary Do
We use the auxiliary Do to make 2 types of questions.
Prepositions of place
We use:
AT. for a POINT IN. for an ENCLOSED SPACE oN. for a SURFACE
Prepositions of Location
49
INTELLIGENCE READING I
Intelligence Reading= Use an english-english dictionary to look up words that you don’t understand
and check with your coach in the Audio Therapy Session.
There are still a few people in northern Europe who think that global warming might not be such a bad
thing. In Britain, where summer can sometimes seem to last little more than a few weeks, many would
welcome the idea of it getting a bit hotter.
Unfortunately things are not so simple. Global warming doesn’t just mean that the world will slowly
get warmer. Paradoxically, it could cause certain areas to get colder - a lot colder. The latest predictions
are that northern Europe could even be plunged into an ice age. While areas of south-eastern Europe,
such as Greece, would continue to get hotter and drier, Britain could find itself, in the winter months
at least, surrounded by sea ice.
The reason for this concerns the Greenland ice sheet. This is one of the biggest expanses of ice in the
world - around 1,500km long and 600km wide. It is so big that if it all melted, sea levels would rise by
7 meters. Due to rising emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide from the combustion of
fossil fuels, this ice sheet is melting at an alarming rate. But how could the melting of the Greenland
ice sheet threaten to plunge northern Europe into a new ice age?
The link in the chain of events is what some call the Gulf Stream and others call the Atlantic Conveyor.
This is the stream of warm water that comes up from Central America and flows across the Atlantic to
northern Europe. It is this huge mass of warm water which accounts for the relatively high temperatures
enjoyed by Britain, for instance, compared with parts of Canada and Russia which are equally far north
of the equator. Warm water is conveyed across to Europe near the surface of the Atlantic, and at its
northernmost point it cools and sinks because the water from the tropics has a higher salt content,
making it denser and so heavier than the water near the arctic. The cold, dense water then flows south
close to the ocean floor, back towards central and South America to complete the cycle.
Scientists are beginning to make bleak predictions of an impending ice age in the northern hemisphere
because they have observed that the water flowing from the melting Greenland ice sheet is flowing into
the path of the Gulf Stream. The water from the melted ice will reduce the density of the water in the
Gulf Stream, stopping the water sinking in the north, thereby cutting off the deep southerly current,
which, in return, will cut off the northerly flow of warmer water. At that point the seas around Britain
will begin to freeze.
OUR HOME
My mom says that the frontage of the house is cantaloupe but dad says is orange.
O.k. let’s go on,our home is very big in my opinion. There are a total of ten rooms.
Our bedrooms are upstairs, my parents’ bedroom is the master bedroom and it has its own
bathroom, to tell you the truth I really envy their room because it’s really nice.
52
Unit 5
There’s also the other complete bathroom which we share but I don’t
mind.
My dad uses the attic as his personal office, sometimes he lets Kim and
I watch T.V. there.
53
The kitchen, the living room and the dining room are downstairs. Down in the basement there’s the
laundry room.
My mom spends a lot of time in the kitchen, she says that it’s her favorite room at home, she cooks
delicious meals there for all of us, dad isn’t a bad cook himself and he bakes some off the hook cookies.
We all like to gather around in the living room because it’s nice and cozy. We can seat there for a long
time and listen to grandpa & grandma talk about them when they were young. Kim likes to play around
with Precious.
I don’t like her cat hanging around the living room because it always wants to get to cookie, my pet turtle
The dining room is the simplest room there’s in the house we like it as it is because it’s small but very
comfortable, there’s lots of sun light in there.
Grandma likes to hang around the laundry room down in the basement; she says that it’s her favorite
room from the house, not for me though. When I go there is because I have to do the laundry which is
my less favorite house chore.
54
Unit 5
Now if you want to talk fun, let’s talk about the yard we think it’s really awesome,
whenever you’re around our city you should came on over you we’ll be more than
welcome!!!
Nice don’t you think so, to be honest I want to throw a pool party but my folks
don’t agree with the idea.
Anyways we love this place especially during summer time we can go for a swim to
freshen upon those hot summer days while dad gets a barbecue going.
O.k. so now you know our house I hope you like the tour I gave you of it, see you
around then.
55
VOCABULARY
Other rooms in a house:
Basement= The lowest floor of a building or house, usually below ground level.
Utility Room= A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.
56
Unit 5
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Stove Toaster Dishwasher
Burner (electric) Kitchen sink Food containers
Oven Faucet Garbage disposal
Frying pan Tea kettle Kitchen table
Pot Colander Measuring spoons
POT (large) Mixing bowl Mixing bowls
Microwave oven Wok Spatula
Kitchen cabinets Canisters Strainer
Kitchen counter Coffee maker Tongs
Fridge Whisk Tin opener
Write the correct name under each object using the words from above.
57
58
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session. Unit 5
Hannah: Turning on the switch is the same as not turning on the switch.
Tom: You haven`t been putting mango or avocado seeds in there, have you?
Hannah: Disposal key? I have a house key and a car key, but no a disposal key.
Hannah: Okay, Come on over, and show me how to fix this thing.
Tom: Sometimes the key works, sometimes it doesn`t. you still might have to call a
plumber.
Tom: If you don’t fix it sometime soon, your apartment might start to attract bugs or
rodents.
59
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Answer the questions with complete answers.
When you misbehave do your parents ground you? Do you ground you children when they misbehave?
60
Unit 5
What do you like to do on the weekend?
Write down four things that you don’t normally do on your daily come and go?
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present tense form of the verb (in parentheses):
9.
Kimberly’s cat _______________ (like) to play with the turtle.
62
Unit 5
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Expressions
“Like to”: is use to talk about doing an activity that’s satisfying to you.
Simple Present:
Auxiliary Does
With this type of question you have to give a more detailed answer.
In simple present with third person: He, She, It. We have to add “s” or “es” to the verbs in affirmative sentences
or responses.
63
AT THE SEASIDE
Every other weekend James likes to take his family to the beach. They live far from the there, but for
that special occasion is well worth the trip. The Williams get into the car and drive off without stopping
‘till they get there.
James is very fond of the ocean. Rose Mary and James try to nourish the thought on their children
about taking care of nature but at the same time enjoy it as well. The children as their parents love and
wait anxiously to go to the beach.
The only set back that they can think of while they’re setting on the outing to the beach, it’s the long
journey back home, but apart from that they feel that everything is all good. Normally they set off
early in the morning right after brunch. So that they can have plenty of time enjoying themselves at
the crystal blue ocean.
64
Unit 6
Edward is snorkeling over at the coral reefs with some guys he just met, he really likes to observe the
coral reefs, and he’s fascinated by them and its natural beauty. He knows that Coral reefs are some of
the most diverse ecosystems in the world, housing tens of thousands of marine species. About one-
third of all marine fish species live part of their lives on coral reefs.
Mr. James Williams prefers to do a little bit of kayaking along the shore, he finds this activity soul
relaxing and mind cleansing.
Mrs. Rose Mary Williams is just sunbathing under the shade of a big three they found; since it was big,
nice and comfy they chose the spot for them.
65
CRITICAL THINKING
Fill in the blanks below with words from this box:
One of the best ways to _____________ the heat of the ___________ months is to head down to the
____________. You can lie down in a soft __________ spot and feel the cool _____________ off of the
ocean.
S U N TA N N I N G
A lot of people try to get a _____________ at the beach. To do this, they lie down on a _____________
and expose their _______________ to the sun’s _________________. After a while their skin turns
brown. However, if they stay in the sun too long their skin turns red and they get a _____________. To
prevent this, sunbathers should always put ________________ on their skin. To stay out of the sun many
66
Unit 6
BEACHCOMBING
At the beach, it’s fun to search for things that wash up on the _____________. There are often brightly
colored _______________ and crabs among the seaweed and ______________. There are also many
BEACH ACTIVITIES
To cool off, many people go ______________. And if the _____________ are high, some people even
try _______________. Or, if there is a lot of interesting sea life, people can put on a mask and go
_________________. When they are done in the water, they can use a _____________ to dry off and
67
Fill in the blanks with the words in the boxes.
Sharks are _____________________. They have _____________________ to help them breathe and
_____________________ to help them swim. They have _____________________ on their skin and
Many people are _____________________ of sharks. They think sharks are _____________________
monsters. But in truth, shark _____________________ are very rare. Most sharks are
_____________________. Often when sharks do attack, they _____________________ people for seals
or other prey.
Endangered Animals
close to becoming extinct. In some countries, people use the shark fins to make _____________________.
Sharks _____________________ very slowly so it takes a long time for some species to increase their
numbers.
68
Unit 6
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Choose the most logical response to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Could you please pass me one of the bottles of water from the ___________________?
3. Hey you’ve already got a ____________________. Don’t stay in the sun any longer, or
you’ll get sunburned.
6. The ____________________ are too big, and I’m afraid they’ll knock me down if I go
into the water.
69
8. I’d feel safer if there was a ____________________ around.
12. I drank too much water, and now I have to go to the ____________________.
13. Although many people think they are dangerous,__________________ hardly ever
attack humans.
19. Can we rent a ____________________ and go out to one of the nearby islands?
70
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G Unit 6
Answer the questions
Do you like to walk in the sand without shoes? How does it feel to you?
71
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun.
me myself me myself
He’s so ill he can’t dress _______________. She took it upon _______________ to organize
everything.
me myself me myself
72
Unit 6
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session
B. No, I didn’t.
73
E X P R E S S I N G L I K E S
I’m crazy about Beck. I’m crazy about skiing. I’m crazy about .
I’m mad about Brad Pitt. I’m mad about singing. I’m mad about .
E X P R E S S I N G D I S L I K E S
I can’t put up with Mike. I can’t put up with lying. I can’t put up with .
I’m fed up with Jill. I’m fed up with wasting money. I’m fed up with .
I’m sick of homework. I’m sick of going to the movies. I’m sick of .
drives me crazy.
annoys me.
74
Unit 6
E X P R E S S I N G I N D I F F E R E N C E
Which book do you like more? It’s all the same to me.
75
A M E R I C A N T O U R I S T
A T T R A C T I O N S
Identify the following tourist attractions in the U.S.
THE STRIP Grand Canyon Disney World Statue of Liberty Sears Tower
76
Unit 6
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present
Permanent Situations
Use the Present Simple to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time.
• I live in Boston
• He works as a fireman.
State Verbs
• I like swimming.
Future Arrangements
Use the Present Simple to talk about events that we can’t change (for example, an official meeting or
a train departure).
77
AT THE CINEMA
The Williams family enjoys watching movies together at the cinema or in their own house. In most
cases, they drop by a local movie rental shop and rent a few DVDs for the evening. Before they rent
a movie, they usually read the rundown of the film to find out what critics think about the movie.
Edward Williams recently joined an online movie rental club, and he can down load films direct from
the net.
However, if he goes to the local mall where there’s a 4-D movie theater, he tries to get there a few
minutes before the film starts, so that he can seat on the best seat at least on the front row. He
generally likes to catch a sci-fi flick or a good horror one; but he can’t stand classical flicks, he always
makes a run over to the snack bar for some good old pop corn and a coke to go with the flick otherwise
he feels an emptiness. He really likes movies with a good plot, great acting, and awesome special
effects.
78
Unit 7
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Answer the questions
Do you know a way to down load movies for free from the net?
Do you think the cinemas in your city are a like the ones in the United States yes or no? Why?
Do you find annoying, people that take little children to the cinema yes or no? Why?
79
Practice the following Dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Mr. Williams: Rose Mary what would you like to do for tonight?
Mrs. Williams: oh, I’ve heard that’s a good movie. Is romance-comedy right? Do you know at what time
does it start?
Mrs. Williams: Will you come back after work and pick me up?
Mrs. Williams: I think we should get there early because the tickets might be sold out by 6:30pm, ok?
Mr. Williams: Yes, that will be fine. I’ll meet you at the house at 5:00 o’clock.
Mr. Williams: I´m not sure there will be enough time for that. We can have some popcorn, a coke and
some hot dogs at the theater if you want.
Mrs. Williams: I don’t like the popcorn they have there. I think they are too salty.
Mr. Williams: Ok. Then, I’ll pick you up a little earlier and we can go to the Italian restaurant next to
the theater, is that Ok?
80
Unit 7
V O C A B U L A R Y
The movies
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Complete the sentences with some of the vocabulary from above.
Discuss about these questions with your coach in the audio Therapy session.
c. If you could have dinner with any actor / actress from any time, who would you choose? Why
is that?
81
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Fill in the blanks below with the words in the box.
The place or time a movie takes place is called the _________________. What happens in a movie is
called the _____________. A movie is usually broken up into many _________________. The movie is
People in Movies:
The people who act in the movie are _________________. A _______________ is a part that an actor
plays. The main actor is sometimes called the ____________________. When a famous person has a
person who acts in the background. A ________________ is a person who watches movies and writes
82
Unit 7
Movie Genres:
The type of movie is the movie _________________. A movie that makes you laugh is a
exciting with lots of guns and explosions is an _________________ movie. Movies about the future or space
are known as __________________ films. And a movie about real life is a _______________________.
Blockbusters:
Movies with big budgets that sell a lot of tickets are called ______________________. Many of these
At the Theater:
The place where you watch a movie is called a _________________. To see a movie, usually, you have
to buy a __________________. The movie is projected onto a large _______________ using a movie
_________________. An __________________ is a person who shows you to your seat and makes sure
83
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Making questions with “HOW”: How much, how long, how often, how well
2. Q: ________ does the radio station play that song? A: Every hour.
a) How often b) How well
3. Q: ________ does your grandmother cook? A: She’s the best cook in the world!
a) How much b) How well
4. Q: ________ do you think he knows? A: More than he admits, that’s for sure.
a) How much b) How well
84
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G Unit 7
TV related terms/expressions
1. If a lot of people watch a TV show, chances are that it will remain on the air and won’t be
_______________.
4. Hey, do you remember that name of the actor that _______________ the killer in the movie we saw
last week?
6. A couch _______________ is someone who spends a lot of time on the couch watching TV.
7. The people who read the news on TV are called news _______________.
9. A _______________ show is a television or radio program where several people come together to
discuss various topics.
problem grand talk
10. Most people these days order _______________ TV, which gives them access to many more chan-
nels apart from the local ones they would normally get.
10. If I _______________ (be) you, I wouldn’t accept that job. It sounds terrible!!
86
Unit 7
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Choose the correct word:
87
Signal Words Circle the signal words for simple present.
88
Unit 7
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present
Quick examples:
The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. Generally, though, we use it to
describe the present activities or to talk about routines or habits.
Use
We also use this tense to describe actions that happen frequently. For example: habits, routines,
tendencies.
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OUT FOR SOME GRUB
“Today I’m going to take the Family to eat out to “Braziilz Steakhouse”. I thought it would be cool due
to the fact that it’s the weekend and that way Rose Mary wont’ have to cook up anything and I won’t
have to do the dishes. We all like that restaurant specially ‘cause of its extensive variety of dishes, fine
cuts, salads, soups, seafood, desserts and more beside all that. I have to admit that everything on the
menu is finger licking good”.
Once at “Braziilz Steakhouse” they seat at a table, order the menu and start checking it out.
James Williams: “Hey sweetheart what do you have in mind, have you made your decision on what
to order”
Kim Williams: “I’m not so sure daddy, but it seems that I’m between the bacon wrapped chicken and
the sirloin tip roast, I know, I know, I’ll go for the mouth-watering bacon wrapped chicken breast with
a side order of rice and some fried bananas and a large coke”
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Unit 8
James Williams: “Sure honey, well you’re all set. What about you son, what do you have in mind”.
Eddy Williams: “Frankly dad I feel so famished that I could eat a whole cow, jajaja. But now, seriously
I want a side order of pork ribs, some chicken drumsticks with some flank steak and to gulp down the
chow I want an icy fruit drink, that would be all for me dad”.
James Williams: “Well, well, well, boy you sure are famished and I thought that you were pulling my
leg, (he laughed), what about you babe, what are you gonna order”.
Rose Mary Williams: “O.k. to start I want some broth so I’m gonna order a bowl of shrimp stew, a nice
snap fatty with a side of rice with an ice tea”
James Williams: “O.k. dear and for myself, I’ll order a bowl of feijoada, some parmesan pork shops, an
order of kabobs and a jar of root beer, but first let’s run down to the salad bar to get a hefty helping of
veggies and then we order the food”.
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Q U E S T I O N S
I accidentally placed my order for pick-up instead of delivery. What can I do?
I’d like to tip the driver, but I’m paying online. Can I do that?
I would like to try something new. What cuisine types do you offer?
My previous order was perfect! Is there any way I could get the same one again?
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Unit 8
AT T H E R E S TA U R A N T
How many are you? Can you bring me the ketchup, please?
What would you like to start with? What’s Irish stew like?
How would you like your steak (Rare, The steak for me, please.
medium, well done)?
That’s all, thank you.
What kind of dressing?
Can I have the check (bill), please?
The burgers are very good.
This is on me.
Is everything all right?
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Practice this dialogue with your coach in your Audio Therapy session.
B. I think that’s our waitress over by the bar. Boy, the service has not been good this evening.
A. She doesn’t appear to be headed this way, so I’ll go get the check.
A. I kind of don`t want to leave any tip for the lousy service we received.
B. I agree that it was bad service, but I heard one of the other waiters mentioning that it
was our server`s first night on the job.
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Unit 8
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Fill in each blank with the correct word. If both words can be used, choose the one that sounds more
natural in each situation:
5. We can _______________ (replace/subtract) the bacon for cheese, if you like. ( = We can
give you cheese instead of bacon)
7. This meal consists on three courses - soup, the _______________ (main/prime) course,
and dessert.
10. If you would like, you can wait at the bar until a table _______________ (opens/comes)
up.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
This exercise is focus o speaking with restaurant service staff. It will help you to communicate better
in English. A customer wants some information from you, the waiter/waitress. Choose the most nat-
ural-sounding response:
Yes, it’s very good. Would It’s spicy, but we can make a Yes, we can make it
you like to order it? mild version for you if you like. very spicy.
4. Excuse me, we ordered a while ago and our food hasn’t arrived yet.
It’s coming right out. Sorry Sorry for the delay. Would you Would you like to see
for the delay. like to order? the menu?
I’m sorry, our machine is bro- We accept cash and credit Would you like to pay by cred-
ken. You’ll have to pay cash. cards. it card?
What kind of egg-scrambling What style of egg preparation How would you like your
do you prefer? would you like? eggs?
Yes. It’s big enough for two Yes, would you like two? Would you like an extra plate?
people.
How about that one by the How about that one by the Is there something wrong
window? kitchen? with your meal
9. Do you deliver?
We’re open between 11:00 Yes, between 11:00 AM and Would you like to see our
AM and 5:00 PM. 5:00 PM. take-out menu?
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Unit 58
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
This exercise is for anyone working in catering. If you run a catering business, these exercises will
help you to improve your English in order to get new clients. If you’re a server, cook, etc., they’ll help
you do your job better by improving communication. Fill in each blank with the best response from
the vocabulary below.
2. You can ____________________ any of our packages by adding (or taking away) food
items.
10. When you ___________________ the wine, do it from the right side.
97
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Write the correct word from the vocabulary below to describe each picture:
a piece of a cup of
98
Unit 58
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
This exercise will help you learn and practice essential English vocabulary/phrases used by waiting
staff (waiters/waitresses), bartenders, and others working in a bar, nightclub. Underline the best
response for each question.
99
3. Why didn’t the doorman let me in?
-The doorman is in charge of selecting who can come into the club and who can’t.
-What happened to the doorman?
-We have a very strict dress code. No tennis shoes allowed.
4. Is there a cover?
-Yes, it’s $10 bucks per person.
-There’s a covered patio in the back.
-You have to pay to get into the club.
5. Are there any other bars around here that still serve food at this hour?
-We serve food until 11:00 PM. Right now our kitchen is closed.
-Yes, there are many other bars in this neighborhood.
-Yes, there’s one just down the street.
8. You’re a *$!* idiot! I’m not drunk, give me another *$!* drink!
-Go now!
-Ma’am you have to leave, or I’ll call the police.
-Outside!
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Unit 8
SOME / ANY
some In positive statements. I gave him some money. We bought some food.
any In negative statements. She didn’t have any money. I couldn’t find any books.
Negative statements:
“I left my glasses somewhere in the house.” “Is there anybody who speaks English here?”
“There is nobody in the house at the mo-
ment.”
“Does anybody have the time?”
“When I arrived there was nobody to meet
me.”
ENOUGH
Enough is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary:
“There is enough bread for lunch.”
“She has enough money.”
101
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
In the following sentences, fill in the blanks with one of the following determiners:
Some/Any
In the following sentences, fill in the gaps with one of the following determiners:
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Unit 8
VOCABULARY
à la carte: without a side dish. breaded: rolled and cooked in bread crumbs.
all you can eat: customers pay one fee and can eat burnt: overcooked to the point of turning black.
as much as they wish.
appetizer: small snack before a meal. buspan: rubber tub used for collecting dirty dishes.
appetizing: looks pleasing to eat. busboy: a person who helps out in especially
clearing and setting tables a restaurant .
awful: very bad taste. cash out: counting and submitting the payment of
all of the customers bills at the end of one’s shift.
barstool: tall seats that customers use at the bar. check on: make sure the guests are satisfied.
boil: style of cooking that involves placing food in complaint: a problem with service or food.
a deep pot of extremely hot water.
day off: mark a day that you cannot work. coffee maker: machine that dispenses coffee into
a glass container for pouring.
booster seat: a plastic unit that fits on top of a another round: an offer of refills around a section
chair to help small children reach the table. of a restaurant.
booth: type of seating in which people sit side by condiments: types of sauces that are added for
side on a cushioned area. flavoring (i.e. mustard).
booze: alcohol. cook: prepare and heat food until it is ready to serve.
bottle opener: a device used for opening beer corkscrew: tool for removing the cork from the
bottles that don’t twist off. top of a wine bottle.
bread basket: slices of bread and butter served counter: flat area often used for placing dishes on
before and with a meal. or preparing food.
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VOCABULARY
coupon: a slip of paper that offers the customers a draft: beer from a keg that pours out of a tap.
discounted rate.
complimentary: free of charge. dressing: liquid topping for salads.
debit: use bank card to pay directly from bank account. entrée, main course: the largest part of a meal.
cutlery, silverware, utensils: tools for eating with fast-food: an eatery that offers quick inexpensive
(i.e. fork, knife, spoon). food.
cut off: stop serving a customer any more alcohol. fine dining: a very expensive eating establishment.
deep fried: cooked in a large pot of oil. garnish: food that is added to a plate for appearance
or color (i.e. parsley or fruit).
defrost: remove frozen food from the freezer to tip: extra money given as a thank you for service.
prepare.
designated driver: person in a party who agrees not to greet: say hello and welcome customers to the
consume alcohol in order to drive everyone home safely. establishment.
dessert: sweet treat after a meal. grill: cooking over iron slats that allow for oil and
fat to drop down.
dessert tray: a plate of all of the desserts that hairnet: a covering worn on the head while
customers can view and order from. preparing food.
dirty dishes: plates that customers are finished with. highchair: a tall chair with a plastic tray designed
for a baby.
doggie bag: unfinished food that is packed up for kettle: pot for boiling water for tea.
the customer to take home.
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Unit 8
VOCABULARY
lemon, lime wedge: a small segment of lemon or seasoning: dry flavoring added to food.
lime put on the rim of a glass.
lineup: a number of people waiting for something. senior’s discount: a reduced price for people over
a certain age (i.e. over 65).
mild: not spicy. shade: place outside that is not in the sun.
over charge: give a customer a bill that is too high sour: acid or fermented taste.
(by mistake).
paycheck: money given to the staff every week or two. stir, mix: spin round and round with a spoon.
portion: a separate amount of food. straight up: alcoholic drink without any mix or ice.
pour: dispense liquid from a container. substitute: replace one item for another.
punch in, out: a card in the punch clock to mark the toppings: food items that go on top of other food
time you start and end a shift. items to add flavor.
Some/any
some In positive statements. I gave him some money. We bought some food.
any In negative statements. She didn’t have any money. I couldn’t find any books.
“Is there some fruit juice in the fridge?” (= I think there is)
Some is used where the question is not a request for information, but a way of making a request,
encouraging or giving an invitation.
ANY can also be used in positive statements to mean ‘no matter which’, ‘no matter who’, ‘no matter what’:
“You can borrow any of my books.”(no matter which)
“They can choose anything from the menu.”(no matter what)
“You may invite anybody to dinner, I don’t mind who comes.”(no matter who)
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Something, anything, someone, anyone Unit 8
Compound nouns with some- and any- are used in the same way as some and any
Positive statements:
“Someone is sleeping in my bed.”
“He saw something in the garden.”
“I left my glasses somewhere in the house.”
Questions:
“Are you looking for someone?” (= I’m sure you are)
“Have you lost something?” (= I’m sure you have)
“Is there anything to eat?” (a real question)
“Did you go anywhere last night?”
Negative statements:
“She didn’t go anywhere last night.”
“He doesn’t know anybody here.”
There is a difference in emphasis between nothing, nobody etc. and not … anything, not … anybody:
Enough
Enough is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary:
“There is enough bread for lunch.”
“She has enough money.”
Every year, Earth Day April 22 marks the anniversary of what many consider the birth of the modern
environmental movement in 1970.
At the time, Americans were slurping leaded gas through massive V8 sedans. Industry belched out
smoke and sludge with little fear of legal consequences or bad press. Air pollution was commonly
accepted as the smell of prosperity. “Environment” was a word that appeared more often in spelling
bees than on the evening news. Although mainstream America remained oblivious to environmental
concerns, the stage had been set for change by the publication of Rachel Carson’s New York Times
bestseller Silent Spring in 1962. The book represented a watershed moment for the modern
environmental movement, selling more than 500,000 copies in 24 countries and, up until that moment,
more than any other person; Mrs. Carson raised public awareness and concern for living organisms,
the environment and public health.
The idea came to Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing
the ravages of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. Inspired by the student anti-war
movement, he realized that if he could infuse that energy with an emerging public consciousness
about air and water pollution, it would force environmental protection onto the national political
agenda.
As a result, on the 22nd of April, 20 million Americans took the streets, parks, and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable environment in massive coast-to-coast rallies. Thousands of
colleges and universities organized protests against the deterioration of the environment. Groups that
had been fighting against oil spills, polluting factories and power plants, raw sewage, toxic dumps,
pesticides, freeways, the loss of wilderness, and the extinction of wildlife suddenly realized they
shared common values.
Earth Day 1970 achieved a rare political alignment, enlisting support from Republicans and Democrats,
rich and poor, city slickers and farmers, tycoons and labor leaders. The first Earth Day led to the creation
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water,
and Endangered Species Acts. “It was a gamble,” Gaylord recalled, “but it worked.”
As 1990 approached, a group of environmental leaders asked Denis Hayes to organize another big
campaign. This time, Earth Day went global, mobilizing 200 million people in 141 countries and lifting
environmental issues onto the world stage. Earth Day 1990 gave a huge boost to recycling efforts
worldwide and helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It also
prompted President Bill Clinton to award Senator Nelson the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995) the
highest honor given to civilians in the United States for his role as Earth Day founder.
As the millennium approached, Hayes agreed to spearhead another campaign, this time focused on
global warming and a push for clean energy. With 5,000 environmental groups in a record 184 countries
reaching out to hundreds of millions of people, Earth Day 2000 combined the big-picture feistiness of
the first Earth Day with the international grassroots activism of Earth Day 1990. It used the Internet to
organize activists, but also featured a talking drum chain that traveled from village to village in Gabon,
Africa, and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Earth Day
2000 sent world leaders the loud and clear message that citizens around the world wanted quick and
decisive action on clean energy.
Much like 1970, Earth Day 2010 came at a time of great challenge for the environmental community.
Climate change deniers, well-funded oil lobbyists, reticent politicians, a disinterested public, and a divided
environmental community all contributed to a strong narrative that overshadowed the cause of progress
and change. In spite of the challenge, for its 40th anniversary, Earth Day Network reestablished Earth Day
as a powerful focal point around which people could demonstrate their commitment. Earth Day Network
brought 225,000 people to the National Mall for a Climate Rally, amassed 40 million environmental
service actions toward its 2012 goal of A Billion Acts of Green®, launched an international, 1-million
tree planting initiative with Avatar director James Cameron and tripled its online base to over 900,000
community members.
The fight for a clean environment continues in a climate of increasing urgency, as the ravages of climate
change become more evident every day. We invite you to be a part of Earth Day and help write many
more victories and successes into our history. Discover energy you didn’t even know you had. Feel it
rumble through the grassroots under your feet and the technology at your fingertips. Channel it into
building a clean, healthy, diverse world for generations to come.
A little bit about me
“Hey fellas, remember me I’m Eddy and Kim’s grandpa, Mr. Ronald Williams. Well, well hope you
didn’t forget about me. I’m here to let you know a bit about myself. I used to be a computer’s system
engineer. I studied at Carleton College over at Northfield Minnesota. I remember my folks helped
me get through college, through college grants at the beginning later on I was given a scholarship for
being an outstanding student. I remember that as a residential college about a very high percent of its
students lived in the houses and halls (dorms), we spent more time in the halls than anywhere in the
university.
Our meals were provided by the university, we had some different options
For example East Dining Hall, Burton Dining Hall, or the Sayles Hill Cafe.
To vary, we sometimes took a short walk or bike ride into town to sample Northfield’s dining options.
One could find everything from Indian, Mexican, and Chinese, hot dogs, pizza, and plenty of midwestern
comfort food.
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Unit 9
I played a little bit of basketball, some friends and I liked to gather around to shoot some hops, but you
could find a diverse variety of sports, swimming, diving, cross country, track and field, football, baseball,
golf, the whole works. Carleton may be better known for brains than brawn, but both get a workout here.
It was a whole show to see the Quiz Bowl team go at it with their opponents, they sure made them work
up a sweat. Oh boy those were some fun moments.
But if what you wanted was to get in touch with your inner-self with the body, mind and spirit connection
you could do some outdoor yoga or meditation to whip your rhomboids, deltoids and erector spinae into
shape.
For indoor activities we had the opportunity to go into the video-drome for a cinema and media class or
just listen to some good old music, attend an art and history or a theater and dance class.
One thing I’m most proud about was when some mates and I came up with the idea of a greener college
and we were committed on being good citizens for a more sustainable school.
But the campus wasn’t all there, although Northfield wasn’t “The Big Apple” one could find a surprising
amount of life in that quaint college town, for example concerts, plays, art exhibits, sports matches,
lectures, and on. But if what one wanted was a little more of an urban twist and the bustle of a large
metropolitan area, we could always head on to Minneapolis, which was just over a half hour north of
town.
Well guys now you know a little bit more about me, I have to be honest with you all and let you know
that I really had a blast chatting with you, thanks for listening Cheerio!!
111
THE CITY AND THE COUNTRY
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
DAVID: Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country.
MariA: That’s true. People in the city aren’t as open and friendly as those in the countryside.
DAVID: How about the living cost? Is the country cheaper than the city?
MariA: Oh, yes. The city is more expensive than the country.
DAVID: Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city.
MariA: Yes, it’s cleaner and less dangerous. But, the city is so much more exciting. It’s faster,
crazier and more fun than the country.
112
Unit 9
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Just another Day: Place the hands of the clock on the correct time in which you normally do the
activity then describe a normal day using the clocks and the activities below each one.
I go to the gym at
I arrive to class at
113
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Put one of these words into each blank
3. First we went to watch a film at the cinema. _______________, we went to have a drink
together.
4. I didn’t look at the answers _______________ finishing the test. I didn’t cheat!
5. If you see this book on sale for less than ten dollars, buy it _______________! It usually
costs nearly twenty.
6. _______________ following Mrs. Jones for almost an hour, I saw her enter the restau-
rant so I came back to the office calling you, Mr. Jones.
7. We looked in four stores before_______________ finding it in one very near our house!
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Unit 9
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
A little bit about you:
Do you rely on your friends? If you do, how do you rely on them?
Do your friends rely on you? If you do, how do they rely on you?
Have you ever had a friend who you later hated? If you have, what happened?
Who is your best friend? Please describe him/her. How long have you know him/her?
The people you usually hang out with is often called a “circle of friends.” Please describe your circle of friends.
What do you usually do with them?
How has your circle of friends changed over the years? Please explain.
115
How easy is for you to make new friends? Why/why not?
What terrible thing would a friend have to do for you to end the friendship?
Would you give any of your close friends $10,000 if they really needed it? Why/not?
What do you think the following idiom means? Birds of a feather flock together:
C R I T I C A L T H I N K
Put the verbs into simple past:
I (visit) __________ lots of interesting places. I (be) __________ with two friends of mine .
In the mornings we (walk) __________ on the streets of London. In the evenings we (go)
__________ to pubs. The weather (be) __________ strangely fine. It (not / rain)
__________ a lot. But we (see) __________ some beautiful rainbows. Where (spend /
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Unit 9
Write the past forms from the irregular verbs.
meet SIng
DRIVE DO
SPEAK SIT
PUT STAND
write RUn
Complete the table in simple past.
He sings
She’s pretty
Put the sentences into simple past. Write sentences in simple past.
_____________________________.
Come on, cheer __________ a little - don’t be so miserable! Life’s fun. (improve your mood)
You can’t rely on him. He’s let me __________ so many times. (disappoint)
In my opinion, money really brings __________ the worst in people - greed, (make noticeable)
jealousy and envy.
He pointed __________ a few things to us that we hadn’t noticed. (bring attention to)
I’m clever, sharp and creative. I’m always coming __________ with new (create, produce by thought)
innovative ideas.
We asked him to resign because he simply didn’t fit __________ with our (suit, be similar to)
team.
I’ve given Martin Smithson the task of sorting __________ the problems (solve)
with that new customer; he has the most experience with that type of thing.
You’d better call a plumber. The heating system has broken __________ (stop working)
again.
Give me a few more minutes, please; I need a while to look __________ (examine quickly)
these reports I’ve just received from head office.
118
Unit 9
CRITICAL THINKING
Choose and underline the correct option.
119
M Y D AY
“I usually wake up at 6am, and then I go to the bathroom and take a shower.
After that I go to college at 7am, I go to classes, hang out with friends, after school I go back home at
12pm.
When I get there I eat lunch, and I usually do my homework, sometimes I take a nap, then comes
dinner at 7:30pm.
After dinner I usually watch TV, or check a magazine or something, finally at around 11pm, I go to bed”.
W H AT A B O U T Y O U . . .
Fill the gap in each sentence with despite, in spite of, although or even though. (First check the
grammar at the end of the unit)
2. ____________________ all the difficulties, the project started on time and was a success.
3. ____________________ we were warned against doing so, we went ahead with the project.
8. ____________________ working for the company for six months now, he never seems
to know what to do.
120
Unit 9
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Here are some examples showing us that although / even though and despite / in spite of are similar in
meaning, but are used with different structures.
Despite and in spite of have the same meaning and are prepositions.
We use despite / in spite of to express that something is unexpected or surprising.
Despite and in spite of can be followed by a noun or verb. They can also be followed by ‘the fact that’ (less
formal).
121
Despite something (noun):
i.e.=In spite of / despite the fact that he is much older than the others, he won the race.
In spite of / despite being much older than the others, he won in spite of the fact that the race.
Note: “Despite is used more often than in spite of in formal written English”.
The simple past tense its form and its use.
The verbs “was, lived, started, wrote, died” are in the simple past tense.
Notice that:
The verbs “lived, started, died” are regular The verbs “was, wrote” are irregular past
past forms. The rule is the following: forms. “Was” is the simple past of “to be”;
Verb + ed “wrote” is the simple past of “write”.
Note: “There is no rule for learning the “As you can see we can’t predict the simple
verbs. You should learn them by heart”. past forms of these verbs. They are irregular.
You should learn them by heart.”
122
Unit 9
I
you
he ______________ _________________
she played, wrote, did. Subject pronoun + Verb in Simple Past
it
we
they
I
You
He _______ ______________ ________________
Did She Play? Write? Auxiliary + Subject Pronoun + Verb Simple Form
It
We
they
I
you
he ______ ____________ ________________
she did not/ didn’t play, write Subject + Auxiliary “not” + Verb Simple Form
it
we
they
123
a weekend in the countryside
Today the Williams are arranging a visit with some longtime friends, to their countryside get away
cottage for a change of routine so that they can get away from the hustle and bustle of city life. It’s not
the first time they visit the Clarks’ cottage, Kim and Eddy yearn to visit any time they get a chance on
going there, indeed. The Clarks’ cottage is just plain dazzling, the scenery is splendid, there’s a reservoir
near there, it’s full of tall trees, there are many flowers of different colors everywhere you look, and
there are some swell trail paths in which one can go hiking, especially on a sunny and graceful day.
In the reservoir there are many outdoor activities that can be done, from kayaking, canoeing, sailing, on
a well given day and if the elements are on your behalf, you can do some windsurfing, but something
the Williams’ flip over for, is checking out the nightfall on the Clarks’ sailboat.
S O M E W E E K R E L AT E D V O C A B U L A RY
long weekend(noun): a weekend when you have one or two extra days free in addition to the usual Satur-
day and Sunday.
midweek(adjective, adverb): in, or happening in, the middle of the week, usually from Tuesday to
Thursday.
Weekly (adjective & adverb): relating to a period of one week and when it happens weekly, it happens
every week.
weeknight (noun): the evening or night of any day except Saturday or Sunday.
wk(abbreviation): week.
working week(noun): the number of hours or days that you work each week.
of a weekend/Sunday etc., used for saying that you often do something at weekends/on Sundays etc.
125
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Match the names of the extreme sports below with their correct picture.
126
Unit 10
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Look at the picture. What can you see in the picture? Discuss it with your coach in the Audio
Therapy session.
Which of the following adjectives would you use to describe the picture? Why?
127
Answer the following questions with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Where, in your opinion, is the most beautiful rural area in your region?
How important is it for us to preserve the countryside and what are the factors which threaten its preservation?
128
Something for you to Know Unit 10
People living in the countryside are less likely to suffer stress and anxiety than city dwellers because their
brains are wired differently, a study has found.
Previous studies have noted that those born and bred in cities were more likely to suffer anxiety or mood
disorders than their rural counterparts.
The biological reasons were unknown, but new research, reported in Nature, shows different parts of the
brain are used depending on where you live.
City residents place more stress on the amygdala, which is involved with emotional regulation and mood,
whereas country dwellers show more activity in the cingulate cortex - associated with regulating stress.
Dr. Jens Pruessner, from the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, said: “Previous findings have
shown that the risk for anxiety disorders is 21 per cent higher for people from the city, who also have a
39 per cent increase for mood disorders.
In addition, the incidence for schizophrenia is almost doubled for individuals who are born and brought
up in cities.
“These values are a cause for concern and determining the biology behind this is the first step to remedy
the trend.”
He and his colleagues studied a series of brain scans from healthy volunteers from rural and urban areas
to reach their conclusion.
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Dr Pruessner said: “These findings suggest that different brain regions are sensitive to the experience
of city living during different times across the lifespan”.
Future studies need to clarify the link between psychopathology and these affects in individuals with
mental disorders.
These findings contribute to our understanding of urban environmental risk for mental disorders and
health in general.
They further point to a new approach to interface social sciences, neurosciences and public policy to
respond to the major health challenge of urbanization.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Filled up Fed up
8. She couldn’t _______________ all the candles on the cake with one breath.
Zipped up Tore up
Use the vocabulary words below that best fit in the explanation given to you in each sentence.
1. The channel at the edge of a street or road that drains off the rainwater.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Troublesome Words: Choose the best vocabulary word to complete the sentences.
sensible sensitive
forgot left
polite educated
wage salary
disinterested uninterested
policy politics
borrow lend
as like
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Re-write the sentence positioning the adverbs of frequency in the correct place in the sentence.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Put the following adverbs of frequency in the correct order from the most often to the least often
(1-6).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Adjective or Adverb
Note: An adverb is a word that modifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).
5. They learn English (easy) ______________. They think English is an _______________ language.
8. Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell (extreme / good) _______________. If that is true, why
does dog food smell so (terrible/ nice) _______________?
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N I A G A R A F A L L S
Niagara Falls is a group of waterfalls on the border between the United States and Canada. The Falls
are a favorite tourist attraction. The Niagara River drops here and although the Falls are not deep, they
are very wide and the amount of water is enormous. So it is very noisy near the Falls. That’s why the
Iroquois tribe, who used to live here, called the falls Niagara (meaning “thunder of waters”).
Adjective or Adverb
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Exercise
Niagara Falls form a _________________ border between the United States and Canada. (natural/naturally)
Many years ago, the Iroquois tribe lived here ______________. (peaceful/peacefully)
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T H E G R A N D C A N Y O N
The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular natural features on earth. It is listed as one of the
Seven Natural Wonders and became a United States national park in 1919. The park covers an area of
nearly 1,900 square miles altogether.
Carved by the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon slices deep into the Colorado Plateau and forms one
of the most scenic landscapes in the world. Its altitudes range from about 1,200 feet above sea level to
8,803 feet. The width of the canyon varies from less than a mile to more than 18 miles; in some places
the canyon is more than a mile deep.
It is called Grand Canyon because of the great length and depth of the canyon, the park includes
many different physical and biological environments. The climate is varied too, ranging from desert to
subarctic climate. This is the same climatic variation that can be found between northern Mexico and
central Canada.
299 species of birds, 74 kinds of mammals, 8 species of amphibians, and 40 kinds of reptiles are found
in the canyon.
The first inhabitants of the Grand Canyon were the Paleo Indians. They arrived 11,000 years ago and
were descendants of Asian people who had migrated to the North American continent at least 25,000
years earlier, during the Ice Age. It was in 1540 that the Grand Canyon was discovered by white settlers.
The Colorado River has cut its way through the whole canyon, that’s 277.7 miles. Up to 1963, when the
Glen Canyon Dam was built, the Colorado river moved 143 million tons of stones each year, in 1927
even 480 million tons. The Glen Canyon Dam finally reduced the amount of sediment transported by
the river.
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Circle the answer you think is correct.
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6. Which word can you find in the text for “people in later generations you are related with”?
8. “The first inhabitants of the Grand Canyon were the Paleo Indians.” - Substitute inhabitants by
one of the following words.
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G R A M M A R R E V I E W
Adverbs
Example:
Examples:
“That idea is simply ridiculous.” = (The adverb simply modifies the adjective ridiculous)
Basically, most adverbs tell you how, in what way, when, where, and to what extent something is done. In
other words, they describe the manner, place, or time of an action. Here are some examples:
Adverb rules:
1. Regular adverbs:
Adjective + ly
Examples:
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
SLOW SLOWLY
CAREFUL CAREFULLY
beautiful beautifully
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Adverbs of Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something. Adverbs of frequency are often used with
the present simple because they indicate repeated or routine activities.
Adverbs of frequency:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:
occasionally
frequently
Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence:
Sometimes they visit him.
I miss him occasionally.
Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with “very”):
We see them rarely.
John eats meat very seldom.
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THE WEATHER
“Hi, you guys I’m Kimberly and in this unit I’ll be talking to you all, about a recent forum we had at the
school’s auditorium, while I wait for my mom to pick me up from school.”
“Well, today we learnt about global warming and the climate weather changes that it has had caused.
Did you know that global warming has several different effects on our planet from weather-related
events to adding stress to wild life species and their habitat?”
“Let me start telling you first about climate change impacting on weather-related events. For example
tropical storms and hurricanes are likely to bring: much greater wind speeds; way more precipitation.
Maximal wind speeds could increment from 2% to 11% and downpour could increment from 3% up to
31%, that’s so raw, don’t you think so”.
“Now let me tell you that concerning global warming, it will bring in more prevalent and grave heat
waves, this means severe results to vulnerable populations, due to the fact that it also means that air
pollution in urban areas could get worse. More extremely hot summer days are projected everywhere.
Some climate models indicate that an average summer around 2050 would be topping around 90
degrees Fahrenheit, if global warming continues unattended,” in my opinion that would be obnoxious.
What do you think?
“Here in the western part of the States there’s a gruesome problem due to wildfires steadily increasing
and global warming is a major contributing factor because spring occurs earlier, summer heat builds
up more quickly, and warm conditions extend further into fall even into winter”. “That’s not all guys”.
“They also mention that floods are another factor to take into consideration, heavier storms cause
major floods nowadays. Global warming is partly to blame because warmer air holds more moisture
as a result heavier precipitations are expected in the years to come, the experts said that it is time for
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governments throughout the world to confront the many realities of global warming, the increasing
frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall means that they have to reduce the risks to riverfront
communities, and that important steps should be taken like discouraging development in flood-prone
areas for instance”.
“Global warming is making a peculiar effect on winter here in the States, many areas are seeing bigger
and more intense blizzards, on the other hand areas where snowstorms were more common are having
less blizzards which causes form pests expanding to these areas and killing pine forests, such as the pine
bark beetle infestation in recent years, also a large number of ski areas are likely to sea decline on their
income from 25% to 45% in skiing seasons in the long run”.
“My fellow classmates as well as me were in shock but impress and concern about this situation because
the experts mention that we have the obligation to fight back this situation since now because the ones
that will suffer the most this reality will be us, kids and probably our children in a near future, that’s how
they ended the forum, now I’m going home to tell my folks about it so that our family take hands into
matter about global warming”.
“I hope that sharing this school day with you all was well received and well taken, see you around”
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S O M E V O C A B U L A R Y
A B O U T T H E W E A T H E R
It’s a very rainy day today: we mean it’s raining a lot – probably for most of the day.
Showery: we mean that usually it rains for a while, then it stops raining for a while and then it starts
again and off-and-on rain through the day.
Drizzle / drizzly: very soft, light rain, which usually continues for a long time.
A heatwave: a period of extremely hot and dry weather that lasts for several days or even weeks
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hail: small, hard balls of ice that fall from the sky like rain
frost / frosty: this is the name for the layer of ice crystals that forms on exposed objects when the
weather’s very cold. This often happens overnight, and when you wake up in the morning everything’s
white!
icicle: the kind-of pointed stick of ice which is formed by the freezing of dripping water.
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Practice talking about these questions with your coach in your audio therapy session.
What do you usually do in the winter months in your city? Why is that?
What do you usually do in the summer months in your city? Why is that?
If you could get rid of one season of the year, which season would you get rid of? Why?
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Weather
Which answer is the correct one, write the letter on the blanks.
2. If the forecast is sleet, it’s a) cloudy and b)hot c) cold and wet
going to be ___. warm
8. If the weather is humid, the a) cold and dry b) hot and dry c) hot and wet
air is ___.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
rainfall satellite
Much of the U.S.A. is still in _______________ conditions. Water levels in ______________ remain
very low and many rivers could still run ______________ despite the recent heavy _______________.
Meteorologists are using ______________ imagery to monitor current weather patterns and to
3. Images of clouds and rain are taken from space using a….
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Do people care about the environment in your country? Why/ why not?
Has the world changed at all because of global warming? Why do you think so?
Do you think the world will be better or worse in fifty years? Why?
What are some things you do that harm the environment? Which is the worst? Please explain.
How many plastic bottles have you used this week? Is this too much?
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
There are two ways to talk about possession. First is adding an‘s to the subject or (if the word
finishes with “s”, just the apostrophe). Second we can use have or has. Complete the following
exercises.
Write the subject with the appropriate form of possessive into the gaps.
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Rewrite the sentences using ´s or s´.
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
have has
4. Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their son ___ gone to Sweden for the week.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Fill in the blanks with the comparative form of the adjectives given.
Fill in the gaps with the superlative form of the adjectives given.
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Choose and underline the correct answer for each question.
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
155
Complete the sentences by usinghe correct indefinite pronoun.
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G R A M M A R R E V I E W
Use an apostrophe + S (‘s) to show that one person/thing owns or is a member of something.
Lisa’scar, Robert’scar
Use an apostrophe after the (s’) at the end of a plural noun if the noun ends with “s” to show possession.
The Joneses’lives
“It is not necessary to add another “s” to the end of a plural noun”.
Have and has are used to talk about possession. We use have with the subject pronouns I, we, you and
they. We use has with the pronouns he, she and it.
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Comparatives vs. Superlatives
We use comparative to compare two similar objects and superlative to express the degree of the object being
used is greater than any other possible object.
Comparatives
Adjectives Ending “y” replace the “y” for “i” and add ‘est’.
For Long Adjectives add the “most/least”at the beginning of the adjective.
The most beautiful
The least interesting
The most intelligent
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Examples of comparatives and superlatives:
Your exam was easier thanmine. You are always luckier than me!
Ex- Tina Turner is not the best singer in the world, but I am worse than her!
We use “as ____ as” to describe or compare things which are equal:
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gone shopping
It’s Black Friday here at the States and the Williams are planning on spending some time doing some
serious shopping at their local mall. So that you understand a little better the definition of Black Friday
we’ll tell you some about it.
For millions of people Black Friday is the time to do some serious Christmas shopping before the last
of the Thanksgiving leftovers are gone! Black Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving, and it’s one of the
major shopping days of the year in the United States.
The term “Black Friday” was coined in the 1960s to mark the kick off the Christmas shopping season.
Ever since the start of the modern Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade in 1924, the Friday after Thanksgiving
has been known as the unofficial start to a bustling holiday shopping season.
As retailers began to realize they could draw big crowds by discounting prices, Black Friday became
the day to shop, even better than those last minute Christmas sales. Some retailers put their items up
for sale on the morning of Thanksgiving, or email online specials to consumers days or weeks before
the actual event. The most common shopped for items are electronics and popular toys, as these may
be the most drastically discounted. However, prices are slashed on everything from home furnishings
to apparel.
Black Friday is a long day, with many retailers opening up at 5 am or even earlier to hordes of people
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waiting anxiously outside the shop windows. There are numerous doorbuster deals and loss leaders
(prices so low the store may not make a profit) to entice shoppers. Most large retailers post their Black
Friday ad scans, coupons and offers online beforehand to give consumers time to find out about sales
and plan their purchases. Other companies take a different approach, waiting until the last possible
moment to release their Black Friday ads, hoping to create a buzz and keep customers eagerly checking
back for an announcement.
More and more, consumers are choosing to shop online, not wanting to wait outside in the early morning
chill with a crush of other shoppers or battle over the last most-wanted item. Often, many people
show up for a small number of limited-time “door-buster” deals, such as large flat-screen televisions
or laptops for a few hundred dollars. Since these coveted items sell out quickly, quite a few shoppers
leave the store empty handed. The benefit of online shopping is that you will know right away if the
MP3 player you want is out of stock, and can easily find another one without having to travel from store
to store. Also, many online retailers have pre-Black Friday or special Thanksgiving sales, so you may not
even have to wait until the big day to save. So, there you have it - the Black Friday history behind the
best shopping day of the year!
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Practice this Dialogue of a conversation, in a store with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Store Clerk: Hi. Welcome to Magy’s. May I help you find something or are you just looking?
Mrs. Williams: I’m not sure. Are you having a sale right now?
Store Clerk: I think so. Let me look. Oh, here’s one. Would you like to use the fitting room to try it on?
Mrs. Williams: Sure. Thanks.
...a little later...
Store Clerk: Great. (She takes it off the hanger) How would you like to pay?
Well, I’m almost maxed out on my credit card, so I think I’ll pay with a check.
Mrs. Williams:
Store Clerk: Thanks. Here you go. Enjoy your purchase. And have a nice day.
Mrs. Williams: Thanks. You too.
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A R E Y O U A
S H O P A H O L I C ?
Some people’s lives revolve around shopping, as they repeatedly make purchases regardless of need
or available money. Some of these people make impromptu purchases. Some of these people have
closets with unopened purchases. Also they have racked up overwhelming amounts of credit card
debts. If this sounds like you, then you may be a shopaholic.
A recently surveyed to determine the predilection towards compulsive buying reveals that 9% of
people fall into this category. This new data concludes an increase in the number of shopaholics from
just fifteen years ago as and it determines that men remain just as prone to the shopping urge as
women. The test consisted of six statements which people answered on a 7-point scale; from strongly
agree to strongly disagree. Some statements included:
Compulsive buying obviously leads to financial problems such as an empty bank account and maxed
out credit cards. Yet these unneeded and unwanted purchases may be the manifestation of more
serious problems, namely depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. What’s more, relationships and
family harmony also deteriorate because of disagreements over the purchases. Shopaholics may then
hide their purchases, as well as the accompanying costs, and thus add to the strain. It’s a problem that
affects people of different income brackets.
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Do you agree or disagree? Why?
According to the article, shopaholics are people obsessed with shopping. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Less people suffer from compulsive buying than in the past. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
According to the article, more women than men are shopaholics. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Shopaholics may also suffer from anxiety and low self-esteem. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Both rich people and poor people suffer from compulsive buying. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
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Talk about the following questions with your coach at the Audio Therapy session. Remember to support your
answers!
Based on the information in the article, would you consider yourself a shopaholic? Why/ why not?
Based on the information in the article, do you know anyone who might be a shopaholic? Why/ why not?
Do you agree that women and men suffer from the problem equally? Why/ why not?
Do you agree that anxiety and low self-esteem cause compulsive buying? Why/ why not?
What solutions are there for people who are shopaholics? How can they be helped?
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Do you usually buy expensive products or are you a bargain hunter? Please explain.
If you didn’t need to worry about money, would you go shopping every day?
Did you go shopping last week? If you did, what did you buy? If didn’t, why didn’t you go shopping?
Have you ever bought something on line? If you have, what did you buy?
How often do you go shopping? Do you think this is too much or too little?
What was the most expensive thing that you have ever bought? How did you feel after you bought it? Please
explain.
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What kind of stores do you rather go to, big department stores or small shops? Why?
Have you ever participated in an auction? If you have, what did you buy? If you haven’t, would you want to go
to one?
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Vocabulary you should know:
Parking lot (n.) - The multi-level parking garage that is connected to a shopping center/mall.
2. Could you please ________ (= put aside) these pants for me? I will be back in 20 minutes
to pay for them.
3. I love shopping right after Thanksgiving Day because there are big ________ in every store.
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6. Most stores give you the option of paying with cash, by debit card, or by ________.
8. A ________ card works like a credit card, but it automatically takes money out of your bank
account.
looks good on you looks well on you looks good on your head
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Separate the three scramble up shopping conversations into dialogue one, two and three.
Customer:
1 Could you tell me how much these jeans ___ I’m afraid that’s the only size we have at the
2 I’m looking for something to go with this ___ They are $19.99.
3 I bought this skirt last week, but it’s too They are half price, too.
small.
___ Do you accept Visa? ___ Yes, but it would take two weeks I’m afraid.
___ Could you order another one for me? ___ I’m afraid not. But there is a pair in light
___ They’re nice. Do you have them in dark blue.
blue? ___ Yes, of course.
Customer:
___ OK, I’ll take them then. ___ I’m sorry. Would you like to choose
___ They are nice, too. Could I try them on? here.
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S H O P P I N G
For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.
1. I’m never going there again. The shop _________ was so rude.
4. Look at this lovely jumper. It was only ten pounds in the _____.
5. Some shops will give you a ten percent ________ if you pay for your purchases in cash.
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Common phrases in a store:
to have a sale = a store will have many things at a discount (The store is having a sale.)
rack = a metal (or other kind) bar that holds clothes. You put your clothes on a hanger. and then put
max out a credit card = (this is slang) It means you have reached your limit. If you cannot spend more
how would you like to pay? = do you want to pay with cash, a credit card, or a check?
who should I make the check out to? = what name should I write on the check?
vat (value-added tax) = the extra money a store charges. It goes to the government.
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Here are twenty unusual clothing articles. Sort them into two groups: clothing worn above the belt
and clothing worn below the belt.
flip-flops SLIPPERS
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
For and Since
You use FOR if you don’t have to calculate the period of time and SINCE if you have to calculate the
period of time.
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
However and Therefore
Ex: Margaret moved last week; therefore, she didn’t graduate with our class.
175
1. I don’t like salads. _______________, I like vegetables.
5. She loved her boyfriend. _______________, she didn’t buy him a present for St.
Valentine.
6. She loved her boyfriend. _______________, she bought him a present for St
Valentine.
7. They loved animals. _______________, they had a dog, a cat and a rabbit.
10. He was very fat._______________, it was difficult for him to find nice clothes.
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G R A M M A R R E V I E W
For/since
The words for and since are used in sentences where the speaker wants to talk about something that started
in the past and continues into the present.
As an adverb of degree, however precedes its adjective/adverb and looks like this:
As a conjunction, however usually means “but”. It can precede or follow its clause or come after the first
word or phrase.
I’ll offer it to Tom. However, he may not want it or He may not want it, however or Tom, however, may
not want it or however, he doesn’t want it. . .
Therefore is a conjunction and it can be used instead of so in formal English. It can come at the beginning of
the clause or after the first word or phrase; or before the main verb:
There are many people who want to buy this painting; therefore, expect the price to be rather high.
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INTELLIGENCE READING II
Intelligence Reading= Use an english-english dictionary to look up words that you don’t
understand and check with your coach in the Audio Therapy Session.
Forty miles east of Jakarta, a river over 186 miles (300km) long winds across the island of Java.
For thousands of years the Citarum River has been an important resource for the Indonesian
people. Today it continues to support fishing, agriculture, electricity generation, and sewerage
for nearly 30 million residents.
When Indonesia experienced a manufacturing boom, little attention was paid to key
components of infrastructure. Proper framework for waste disposal was largely neglected. As
a result, manufacturers and residents abused the river, leaving the Citarum as one of the most
polluted waterways in the world.
History
The river has a relationship with mankind dating to the 4th century A.D., when the Tarumanagara
kingdom was said to have flourished on the banks of the Citarum.
Early residents relied on the water for everything from bathing to waste disposal. For centuries
the smaller populations and lack of heavy industry tempered the ecological threat from the
poor disposal practices. By the late 20th century, it had become a significant health hazard.
One option was Java, one of the most populous islands in the world – and a region desperately
haunted by poverty. The island’s most abundant resource is labor, which is oversupplied and
drives down cost. This attracted industry to Indonesia.
Its geography made the Citarum River an easy choice for businesses with export considerations.
Unfortunately it was also a convenient vehicle for waste disposal malfeasance, and Indonesia’s
historically relaxed enforcement didn’t do much to discourage potential offenders.
For decades the river has been forced to swallow human, industrial, and toxic waste. By the turn
of the century improper waste disposal had long been an endemic problem.
Before long Indonesia became a major manufacturing center. When industry migrated to Java,
factories producing everything from electronics to textiles started dotting the landscape.
But as the number of factories along the Citarum bank has grown, so has the amount of
industrial toxic waste discharged into its waters. Snowballing the river’s rate of deterioration is
the population boom in Java, which has increased the deposit of human waste as well.
RUNNER THE BEST TRAINING OF ENGLISH: Take Off de, Runway
the Smart English se terminó de imprimir en el mes de Mayo
del año 2015 bajo la supervisión de Par Tres Editores, S.A de
C.V, con un tiraje de 1000 ejemplares.