PAAVAI VIDHYASHRAM SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Affiliated To CBSE)

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SALT-2

I.PRELIMINARY TEST:

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 COLOUR: Noted the colour of the given salt
2. Solubility: A pinch of the salt is shaken well with
water
3. Action of heat : Heated a pinch of the salt
strongly in a dry boiling tube:
4. Flame test: To a pinch of the salt taken in a watch
glass, added a drop of conc.HCl . Introduced the
paste into a non-luminous Bunsen flame using a
charred match stick.
5. Action of dil HCl :
To a pinch of the salt and added dil. HCl and
warmed.
6. Action of conc. H2SO4: To a pinch of the salt
added a few drops of concentrated
White or colourless
Soluble
Reddish brown vapours and decrepitation
(cracking sound)
No characteristic colour change
No characteristics change
Reddish brown vapours oily droplets on the
sides of the test tube.
Absence of the CU2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+,Co2+,Ni2+ cations.
Presence of soluble salts like nitrates , chlorides
phosphates, sulphate
Presence of Nitrate and lead nitrate.
Absence of Cu2+ ,Ba2+, Ca2+
presence of CO32-,SO32-,NO2- , CH3COO-,S2-
Presence of NO3 - .

7. Action of concentrated H2SO4 and MnO2 : No characteristics change

Heated the salt with concentrated H2SO4 and Absence of Cl-,Br-
MnO2
Action of conc. H2SO4 and copper turnings: Reddish brown vapours were evolved. The presence of NO3-
8. Heated a pinch of the salt with conc. H2SO4 and solution in the test tube became blue or green.
copper turnings. NO3- + H+ HNO3

Cu+ 4HNO3 Cu(NO3) + 2NO2+2H2O

9. Action of BaCl2: To an aqueous solution added No white precipitate is formed Absence of SO42-
BaCl2 solution
10. Action of NaOH: Heated a pinch of the salt with No colourless pungent smelling gas is Absence of NH4+
NaOH solution. evolved.

1
CONFIRMATION TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:
If the salt is water soluble, the confirmatory tests can be carried out with an aqueous solution. If the salt is insoluble in water the sodium carbonate extract is
prepared and used for performing the confirmatory tests.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL:

S. No Experiment Observation Inference

1 To the salt solution added an equal A brown ring was obtained at the junction of the liquids. Presence of Nitrate is confirmed
volume of freshly prepared Fe SO 4 and NO3- +H+ HNO3
concentrated H2SO4 along with the 4 HNO3 2H2O + 4 NO+ O2
walls of the test tube. Fe SO4 + NO Fe SO4 . NO
2 To the salt solution added DPA An intense blue colouration was obtained. Presence of Nitrate is confirmed
solution (diphenyl amine)
NO3- +2(C6 H5) NH (C6 H5)2 N-N (C6 H5)2 +H2O + NO2-

TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL:

The salt is dissolved in water or in any other suitable solvent (dil HCl, dil. HNO3 in cold or hot conditions) and the solution is used to identify the
group in which the basic radical is present and the perform the confirmatory tests:
GROUP ANALYSIS:

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To the salt solution added Nesselrs reagent and NaOH No brown precipitate Absence of ammonium(zero group)

2 To the salt solution, added dil. HCl White ppt. Presence of Pb2+(group 1)

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL:

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To the salt solution added K2 CrO4 solution Yellow ppt. soluble in NaOH. Presence of lead (group 1)is confirmed
Pb2+ + CrO42- Pb CrO4
2 To the salt solution added KI solution Yellow ppt. which dissolved on heating and Presence of Pb2+(group 1) is confirmed
Pb2+ +2I- Pbl2 reappeared on cooling, as golden spangles.

RESULT: The given salt contains

Basic radical -Lead
Acid radical- Nitrate