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SYNOPSIS

TITLE OF THE PROJECT: “PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM MANILKARA


ZAPOTA (CHIKOO OR SAPODILLA) SEED OIL AND PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS STUDY ON SINGILE CYLINDER CI ENGINE”

ABSTRACT
Over a number of years the plentyof work are going on to produce an alternative fuel and
still it is now also carringout worldwide. But it is not much focus on the use of combination of
different bio diesel.So we work an attempt in this direction, which reports on the use of
combination of bio diesel derived from ManilkaraZapotaoil.ManilkaraZapotaoil methyl ester
(MZOME) represent the respective bio diesel derived from these non edible oils. The biodiesel
properties are determined and compared with ASTM standards. The experiment is conducted on
a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine using this biodiesel combination in order to check
their feasibility as alternative fuels to bio diesel. The experiment was initially carried on each bio
diesel and with their blends with diesel (B10,B20,B30&B100)and engine parameters
areoptimized in term of injection pressure & injecting timing with varying the loads in KW and
the results are analyzed.

INTRODUCTION
Fossil fuels are currently the dominant global source of CO2 emissions and their combustion is
stronger threat to the environment. Increasing of the industrialization, energy demand, limited
reserves of fossil fuels and increasing environmental pollution have jointly necessitating the
exploring of some alternative to the conventional liquid fuels, vegetable oils (edible and non
edible oil) have been considered as appropriate alternatives to the conventional liquid fuels,
vegetable oils have been considered as appropriate alternative due to their prevalent fuel
properties. It was thought of as feasible option quite earlier. However despite the technical
feasibility, vegetable oils as fuel could not get acceptance, as they were more expensive than
petroleum fuels. This led to the retardation in scientific efforts to investigate the further
acceptability of vegetable oils as alternate fuels. Later, due to numerous factors as stated above
created resumed interest of researchers in vegetable oils as substitute fuel for diesel engines. In
view of the potential properties, large number of investigation has been carried out
internationally in the area of vegetable oils as alternate fuels. Some of the vegetable oils from
farm and forest origin have been identified. India imports the petroleum products at an annual
cost of 50 billion USD in the year 2012-2013.Just by replacing 5% of petroleum fuel by bio fuel
could enable India to save 2.5 billion USD. According to latest documents from April 2013-Feb
2014 got an import of 57335.97 million USD but from April 2014-Feb 2015 got an import of
53739.04 million USD. We come to know that the demand of import of petroleum products
decreased by 6.27%.

MANILKARA ZAPOTA

Manilkarazapota treeManilkarazapota fruits

 Scientific Name : ManilkaraZapota

 Availability : India, South Florida , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Thailand , Central America

 Chemical Composition of Sapota : Sugars , Proteins and Minerals like Iron , Copper ,
Calcium and Potassium

 ManilkaraZapota Tree - It is a medium seized evergreen tree. It grows upto 8-15m. Bears
fruit when it is 4-5 years and attains stability in production. Leaves used for medicine.
Biod
Settlin iesel
gAcid
Tank
layer Glyce
Oil rin

EsterificationTransesterification

PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL
Blends chosen and preparation

1. B10: This blend includes 10% of ManilkaraZapota Oil Methyl Ester (MZOME -
Biodiesel) and 90% of diesel.

For 1 liter of blend preparation 100ml of MZOME & 900ml of petro-diesel is measured &
mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer for around 20 minutes. Similarly remaining blends
are also prepared.

2. B20: This blend includes 20% of MZOME and 80% of petro-diesel.

3. B30: This blend includes 30% of MZOME and 70% of petro-diesel.

4. B100: This is pure MZOME biodiesel.

Different Properties Studied

1. Flash point.

2. Kinematic viscosity.

3. Copper strip corrosion.

4. Density and Specific gravity.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experiments were conducted on a direct injection compression ignition engine for
different brake power and different blends (Biodiesel-B10, B20, B30 and B100) of biodiesels.
Analysis of performance like brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, Exhaust
gas temperature and emission characteristics like hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxides are evaluated. The biodiesel used is as per ASTM standard, there
is no modification in the engine. The experiment is carried out at constant compression ratio of
17.5:1 and constant injection pressure of 200bar by varying brake power.
CONCLUSION
 MZOME satisfies the important fuel properties as per ASTM specification of Biodiesel.
 The existing petro-diesel engine performs satisfactorily on biodiesel fuel without any
significant engine modifications.
 Most of the major exhaust pollutants such as HC are reduced with the use of biodiesel
and the blend as compared to petro-diesel. But NOX emissions increase when fuelled with
petro-diesel. Biodiesel fuel blends as compared to petro-diesel fuel. This is one of the
major drawbacks of biodiesel.
SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

Some aspects are identified with the present work, and are presented below.

 Biodiesel production technology needs further study in the aspects of elimination of


biodiesel purification process by using newly developed heterogeneous base catalyst like,
Zeolites, MgO and ZnO etc instead of homogeneous catalyst (H2SO4&NaOH).

 The properties of blend may be further improved to make use of higher percentage of
ManilkaraZapotaoil in the blend by preheating the blend.

 Further study of low volatility of ManilkaraZapotaoil need to be investigated to know the


effect on engine.

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