Sika® Carbodur® Calculation Software: PROJECT: Estudo de Caso ELEMENT: Viga de Concreto Armado

SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE
PROJECT: Estudo de caso

ELEMENT: Viga de concreto armado
INDEX
1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS...................................................................................................................... 3
2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1.- Beam definition......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.- Geometry................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.- Concrete................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.4.- Internal shear reinforcement...................................................................................................................... 4
2.5.- Strength reduction factors.......................................................................................................................... 4
2.6.- Load factors.............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.7.- Exposure conditions................................................................................................................................... 4
3.- SHEAR STRENGTHENING......................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.- Properties of FRP system........................................................................................................................... 5
3.2.- Concrete contribution to shear strength...................................................................................................... 5
3.3.- Steel reinforcement contribution to shear strength..................................................................................... 5
3.4.- FRP Contribution to shear strength............................................................................................................. 6
4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS................................................................................................................. 7

4.1.- Beam loads............................................................................................................................................... 7
5.- RESULTS................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.1.- Summary of results.................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2.- Ultimate limit states.................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.)............................................................................................................................ 9
5.4.- FRP arrangement....................................................................................................................................... 9
6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 10
Element: Viga de concreto

Sika Services AG Date: 26/09/2018
armado
Corporate Tech. Dept. Editor: Gusthavo Ribeiro de Oli... Project: Estudo de caso
Tüffenwies 16 Remarks: Projeto para o dimensionamento de viga em concreto
8048 Zürich (Switzerland) armado para o reforço com o uso de PRFC.
www.sika.com
1/13
INDEX
6.1.- Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics.......................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.1.- Concrete surface preparation...........................................................................................................................
10
6.1.2.- SikaWrap® fabrics..............................................................................................................................................
11
6.1.3.- Epoxy Adhesive..................................................................................................................................................
11
6.1.4.- Application procedure.......................................................................................................................................
12
7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................ 13
8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE.............................................................................................. 13

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1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS
Shear strengthening of beam.
- ACI 440.2R-17
- ACI 318
- Country: Brazil
2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS
2.1.- Beam definition

0.30 4.70 0.30
5.00
A B
11.40 kN/m
IL
11.40 kN/m
DL
6.25 kN/m
LL
2 x 5 mm / 150 mm (90°)
4.70
5.00
A B

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2.2.- Geometry
Width (b) = 120 mm
Height (h) = 300 mm
Concrete cover (d1) = 30 mm
300
270
30
120
2.3.- Concrete
Compressive strength of concrete
Concrete strength (f'c) = 28 MPa
Cylinder specimen = 28 MPa
Cube specimen = 34 MPa
2.4.- Internal shear reinforcement

Steel fy Es Number x ds C. to c. spacing Angle
(MPa) (MPa) (mm) (mm) (°)
(CA-50) 500 (*) 210000 2 x 5.0 150 90.0
(*): The shear stress of steel reinforcement has been taken as fy = 420 MPa
2.5.- Strength reduction factors

Defined by (ACI 318)
φ = 0.75
2.6.- Load factors

ACI combinations Dead loads Live loads
Strengthening limits 1.10 0.75
Expected loads (strengthening design) 1.20 1.60
Fire situation 1.00 1.00
2.7.- Exposure conditions

Fiber type: Carbon
Exposure conditions: Interior exposure (C e = 0.95)

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3.- SHEAR STRENGTHENING
3.1.- Properties of FRP system

Wrapping scheme: 3-sided "U-wrap"
Discrete strips
Height of FRP reinforcement hf : 270 mm
C. to c. spacing Sf : 160 mm
Ef Thickness tf Width
Laminate εfu
*
Number n
(MPa) (mm) (mm)
1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) 0.0135 220000.00 0.167 1 100.00
3.2.- Concrete contribution to shear strength
Vc : 29.15 kN
Nu (kN) Ag (mm²) λ f'c (MPa) bw (mm) d (mm)

0.00 36000 1.00 28 120 270
3.3.- Steel reinforcement contribution to shear strength
Vs : 29.69 kN
s (mm) Av (mm²) fyt (MPa) d (mm) α (°)

150 39 500 270 90.0

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3.4.- FRP Contribution to shear strength
The contribution of the FRP system to shear strength of a member is based on the fiber
orientation and an assumed crack pattern (Khalifa et al. 1998). The shear strength provided by the
FRP reinforcement can be determined by calculating the force resulting from the tensile stress in
the FRP across the assumed crack. The shear contribution of the FRP shear reinforcement is then
given by Eq.
Vf : 38.88 kN
Where
Afv : 33.40 mm²
The tensile stress in the FRP shear reinforcement at nominal strength is directly proportional to
the level of strain that can be developed in the FRP shear reinforcement at nominal strength
ffe : 776.13 MPa
Effective strain in FRP laminates
ε fe : 0.0035
The bond-reduction coefficient is a function of the concrete strength, the type of wrapping
scheme used, and the stiffness of the laminate. The bond-reduction coefficient can be computed
from Eq.
κ : 0.28
The active bond length Le is the length over which the majority of the bond stress is maintained.
This length is given by Eq.
le : 52.43 mm
The bond-reduction coefficient relies on two modification factors, k1 and k2, that account for the
concrete strength and the type of wrapping scheme used, respectively. Expressions for these
modification factors are given in Eq.
k1 : 1.02
k2 : 0.78

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4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
4.1.- Beam loads

Strengthening limits
0.27 m
Vu (Strengthening limits) = 38.42 kN
ϕ·Vn (Un-strengthened) = 44.13 kN
Anticipated loads
0.27 m
Vu (Anticipated loads) = 52.81 kN
ϕ·Vn (Max) = 103.59 kN

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Fire situation
0.27 m
Vu (Fire situation) = 39.36 kN
5.- RESULTS
5.1.- Summary of results

The design shear strength should be calculated by:
Strengthening limits (ACI440.2R-17, 9.2)

Vu Vn
Loading φ φ·Vn ≥ Vu
(kN) (kN)
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 0.75 · SLL 0.75 38.42 58.83 Un-strengthened section
Strengthened section under anticipated loads

Vu Vn
Loading φ φ·Vn ≥ Vu
(kN) (kN)
Su = 1.20 · SDL + 1.60 · SLL 0.75 52.81 91.89 Strengthened section
Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

Vu Vn
Loading Vnθ ≥ Vu (Vnθ = Vn)
(kN) (kN)
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL 39.36 58.83 Un-strengthened section
5.2.- Ultimate limit states

Strengthening limits. Minimum combination of loads to be resisted by the un-strengthened member
(ACI440.2R-17, Section 9.2).
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 0.75 · SLL
Vc : 29.15 kN
Vs : 29.69 kN

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Strengthened section with factored expected loads
Su = 1.20 · SDL + 1.60 · SLL
The nominal shear strength of an FRP-strengthened concrete member can be determined by adding
the contribution of the FRP external shear reinforcement to the contributions from the reinforcing
steel (stirrups, ties, or spirals) and the concrete
Vc : 29.15 kN
Vs : 29.69 kN
Vf : 38.88 kN
ψf : 0.85
5.3.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

Case of fire. Un-strengthened section.
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
Vc : 29.15 kN
Vs : 29.69 kN
The nominal strength of the un-strengthened member exceeds the combination of loads corresponding to the fire
situation. The FRP strengthening is therefore not necessary during a fire situation, and does not need to be protected. If a
certain fire rating is necessary, the designer must evaluate the need for a protection of the RC element (concrete and
steel reinforcement) according to the local codes.
5.4.- FRP arrangement
The previous results correspond to the following FRP scheme:
1 layer of 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm)
Wrapping scheme: 3-sided "U-wrap"
Discrete strips
C. to c. spacing: 160 mm

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0.64 0.64
A (1 x 3 + 1 x 3) x 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) B
6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
6.1.- Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics

The strengthening shall be achieved using unidirectional carbon fibre fabric, impregnated and externally bonded to the
structure with epoxy adhesive Sikadur®-330
The fibers should be aligned and free of torsion.
The material shall have a long track record (> 25 years) for structural strengthening.
The fibre fabric shall be unidirectional and fabricated of PAN based carbon fibres.
Installation in several layers shall be possible.
Measured values of mechanical properties of laminated fabrics shall be provided, minimum test series of 20 samples.
6.1.1.- Concrete surface preparation

Any unsound material shall be removed and removed concrete shall be repaired as described above. Large blowholes and
honeycombing shall be filled with a suitable repair mortar.
Repair materials shall be fully compatible with the adhesive.
The actual strength of the concrete substrate shall be verified with at least three pull-off tests.
The concrete shall be older than 28 days.
The laitance layer on the substrate surface shall be removed and an open-textured surface shall be created.
The substrate surface shall be cleaned so that it is free from oil, grease and any other contaminants as well as loose
particles and dust.

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For fibre fabric application, all corners shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 20 mm and any sharp edges shall be
removed.
The substrate moisture content shall be less than 4% pbw.
6.1.2.- SikaWrap® fabrics

The materials shall comply with the performance characteristics described as follows:
6.1.2.1.- Typical Properties of 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) fabric:

Typical dry fiber properties:
E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 230000 N/mm² (MPa)

Tensile Strength EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 4000 N/mm² (MPa)
Strain at break EN 2561/ASTM D3039 1.35 %
Typical laminate properties (related to fibre thickness):
E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 220000 N/mm² (MPa)
6.1.3.- Epoxy Adhesive

The adhesive shall be epoxy based.
The priming of the substrate and the saturation of the 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) fabric will be done by means of
Sikadur®-330
6.1.3.1.- Typical Properties of Sikadur®-330 adhesive

The adhesive must comply with EN 1504-4.
Chemical base Epoxy resin

Density 1.30 kg/l (at +23°C).
+10ºC ≈ 10000 mPas
Viscosity (shear rate 50/S) +23ºC ≈ 6000 mPas
+35ºC ≈ 5000 mPas
Thermal expansion coefficient -10ºC to +40ºC 4.5 x 10-5 per °C
Curing
7 days, +10ºC +36ºC
Thermal stability. HDT (ASTM D648)
Service temperature 23ºC Curing -40ºC to +45ºC
Tensile Strength DIN EN ISO 527-3 30 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Bond Strength (sandblasted substrate) DIN EN ISO 4624 Concrete fracture (> 4 N/mm²)
E-Modulus (flexural) DIN EN 1465 3800 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
E-modulus in tensile DIN EN ISO 527-3 4500 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Elongation at break DIN EN ISO 527-3 0.9% (7 days at +23°C)

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6.1.4.- Application procedure
The wrap shall be cut to size with special fibre scissors.
A primer layer of the impregnating resin shall be applied on the substrate surface, using a toothed trowel or a roller.
The fabric shall be placed on the substrate, pressed on gently, and the resin shall be worked into the fabric with an
impregnation roller until the fabric is completely saturated.
Additional layers shall be installed as described above, preferably wet-on-wet.
In case of a cementitious overcoat, the resulting resin surface shall be broadcasted with quartz sand.
Impregnation shall always be performed in fibre direction.
After application, the finished fibre fabric installation of shall be protected from rain, sand, dust and any other
contaminants.
If necessary, the applied system shall be protected with a suitable coating (compatibility tests between the coating and
the fabric shall be available).

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7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THIS SOFTWARE APPLICATION AND THE RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS UTILIZATION ARE INTENDED ONLY FOR USE BY
PROFESSIONAL USERS WITH EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN THE AREA OF THE INTENDED APPLICATION. USERS MUST
INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS BEFORE ANY USE AND TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE SITE AND APPLICATION
CONDITIONS, PRODUCT DATA SHEET AND PRODUCT LITERATURE, TECHNICAL STATE OF THE ART AS WELL AS LOCAL
APPLICABLE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS.
With respect to the software application and results derived from its use, SIKA MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ACCURACY,
RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION IS
PROVIDED ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS AND SIKA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE
APPLICATION AND RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS USE.
Sika shall not be liable for any consequential, punitive, incidental, exemplary, or special damages (including but not limited
to loss of business opportunity or loss of profit) arising out of the evaluation or use of the software application and results
derived from its use.
The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are
given in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and
applied under normal conditions in accordance with Sika’s recommendations. In practice, the differences in materials,
substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular
purpose, nor any liability arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or
from any written recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The user of the product must test the product’s
suitability for the intended application and purpose. Sika reserves the right to change the properties of its products. The
proprietary rights of third parties must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and
delivery. Users must always refer to the most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned,
copies of which will be supplied on request.
Except as indicated otherwise, all information, text, graphic images, features, functions, and layout contained in this
software are the exclusive property of Sika and may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the
Company's express written consent.
By transmitting information to Sika, you grant to the Company the unrestricted irrevocable license to use, reproduce,
display, modify, distribute and perform such information. Personal identity information is used by Sika only to process a
request for information by you or for marketing our products and services.
© Copyright Sika Services AG 2016
8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE
Engineered by:
Cype Software - Eusebio Sempere, 5 - 03003 Alicante (Spain)

www.cype.com

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Sika® Carbodur® Calculation Software: PROJECT: Estudo de Caso ELEMENT: Viga de Concreto Armado

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SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE

PROJECT: Estudo de caso

1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS...................................................................................................................... 3

2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS................................................................................................................................. 3

3.- SHEAR STRENGTHENING......................................................................................................................................... 5

4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS................................................................................................................. 7

6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 10

Element: Viga de concreto

7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................ 13

8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE.............................................................................................. 13

Element: Viga de concreto

Shear strengthening of beam.

2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS

2.1.- Beam definition

Element: Viga de concreto

2.4.- Internal shear reinforcement

2.5.- Strength reduction factors

2.6.- Load factors

2.7.- Exposure conditions

Element: Viga de concreto

3.1.- Properties of FRP system

3.2.- Concrete contribution to shear strength

Nu (kN) Ag (mm²) λ f'c (MPa) bw (mm) d (mm)

3.3.- Steel reinforcement contribution to shear strength

s (mm) Av (mm²) fyt (MPa) d (mm) α (°)

Element: Viga de concreto

Element: Viga de concreto

4.1.- Beam loads

Vu (Strengthening limits) = 38.42 kN

ϕ·Vn (Un-strengthened) = 44.13 kN

Vu (Anticipated loads) = 52.81 kN

ϕ·Vn (Un-strengthened) = 68.91 kN

ϕ·Vn (Max) = 103.59 kN

Element: Viga de concreto

Vu (Fire situation) = 39.36 kN

ϕ·Vn (Un-strengthened) = 58.83 kN

5.1.- Summary of results

Strengthening limits (ACI440.2R-17, 9.2)

Strengthened section under anticipated loads

Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

5.2.- Ultimate limit states

Element: Viga de concreto

5.3.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

Element: Viga de concreto

A (1 x 3 + 1 x 3) x 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) B

6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

6.1.- Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics

The fibers should be aligned and free of torsion.

Installation in several layers shall be possible.

6.1.1.- Concrete surface preparation

Repair materials shall be fully compatible with the adhesive.

The concrete shall be older than 28 days.

Element: Viga de concreto

The substrate moisture content shall be less than 4% pbw.

6.1.2.- SikaWrap® fabrics

6.1.2.1.- Typical Properties of 1/5 SikaWrap® 300C - 50cm (10cm) fabric:

E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 230000 N/mm² (MPa)

Typical laminate properties (related to fibre thickness):

E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 ≈ 220000 N/mm² (MPa)

6.1.3.- Epoxy Adhesive

6.1.3.1.- Typical Properties of Sikadur®-330 adhesive

Chemical base Epoxy resin

Element: Viga de concreto