Parasitology Lecture- Sir Greg

-study of parasite and host

unique relationship:
called symbiosis which can be either:
mutualism- both are benefitting
commensalism- one way, one benefits but it doesn’t harm
e.g. E. coli
parasitism- one way, but nananakit

-PARASITE-
depends on host for survival

DIFF TYPES:
A. Host Requirement
1. Obligate (Fully dependent)
e.g. Trichomonas species
types:
tenax- inhabits the mouth
hominis- small intestine, can be ingested
vaginalis- genitalia, thru coitus, “ping-pong disease”
treat both partners, suspect if you see discharge
do not encyst only exists in trophozoite
very weak
if separated from host will die
transmitted by contact
differs in size
biggest: Vaginalis V-Vig-Big
E.g. Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant intestinal roundworm
erratic parasite (not permanent,
migratory)
smallest:
2. Facultative (Free living forms, not thriving within the host, may exist
w/o a host, w/ a host: parasitic form)
With host: parasitic form
 Without host: Free living form
e.g. STRONGyloides stercoralis
Strong parasite I DON’T NEED A MAN
Parthenogenetic- refers to female adults who do not require
a male to produce an egg
Nematode- starts with egg
you see moving larva in fresh stool sample UNIQUE TO
STRONGY
3. Spurious
nakidaan lang lol
B. Habitat
Endoparasite
Endoparasitism
Infection
Ectoparasite
Infestation
Ectoparasitism
e.g. head lice
C. Mode of Transmission
Contact transmitted
e.g.:
Trichomonas sr.
Enterobius vermicularis
can be inhaled
Snail transmitted
e.g.:
Class Trematoda “Flukes"
Food borne
Meat
Pork: Taenia solium- tapeworm
Beef: Taenia saginata- tapeworm
Fish: Capillaria philippinensis, Anisakis sp.
“Ipon” Fish
Water borne
protozoans
Sexual Transmission
Transmammary
Through breastfeeding
hookworms: Ancylostoma
D. Effect (Pathogenecity)
 1. Pathogenic
2. Non-pathogenic- commensed

DIFF HELMINTHS
EGG-> LARVA-> ADULT
Nematode
roundworm; spaghetti
Trematode
fluke; leaf like
Cestode
tapeworm; ribbon like
DIFF STAGES
Trophozoite- motile
Cyst- non motile

-HOST-
provides shelter to parasite

A. Final Host (Definitive host)

harbors the adult stage
sexual stage of parasite

B. Intermediate Host (I.H.)

harbors the larval stage
asexual stage
humans may act as both:
Final Host (Ascariasis) and
I.H. (Malarial parasite, belongs to genus Plasmodium sp.)
exhibit the ff. symptoms:
1. Cold Stage- “chills"
2. Hot Stage- “febrile/fevery” if px is in fever, something is happening
inside, body is reacting as defence
3. Pawis- “perspiration” body is lowering the temp. duh
4. Apyrexia- everything normal nawala yung lagnat, nagburst yung red
cell
Symptoms are being monitored if happens every:
 24- quotidian malaria
48- tertian malaria
72- quartan malaria
I.H. - human
Def. - Mosquito
Female Mosquito biting the human: Anopheles minimus flavirostris

C. Reservoir Host
non-human host, usually animals, allows to continue life
B. coli
known host: pig
if gamutin px, gamot the baboy too
Trophozoite
 Cyst
Other animals:
Cats
RH: Brugia malayi
DH: Toxoplasma gondii
can affect the baby congenitally, parasite transverses
the central barrier, NO NO TO PREGGY
oocyst- can be seen in cat poop
Field Rats
Paragonimus westermani- fluke
“TB like condition” like, always naga ubo
1st IH: Snail
2nd IH: Crab “talangka” nandito yung infective stage
which IS: Metacercaria (encysted)

D. Paratenic Host (PH)

No further dev.’t of parasite inside
P.w.: Wild Boar
Contains infective stage also IS: Metacercaria but doesn’t develop na

ATE
- All Nematodes (EGG is infective stage)
1. Ascaris
2. Trichomonas
3. Enterobius
If not ATE, it is Larva or Adult
Gravid
pregnant parasites
can give birth to 200k eggs