Language can be treated as a system of linguistic units and a system of verbal

expression of thoughts. it has a certain sound and grammatical structure. The focal
point is the ethnic group, where language is created. Humboldt said that Language is
the spiritual exhalation of the nation. Anthropological approach proves that not only
language has impact on a human but also human has impact on a language. I.
Ogienko said that Language is our national sign and only language reflects our
culture and the degree of our consciousness. So, Ethnolinguistics is a field of
linguistics that studies the relationship between language and culture and how
different ethnic groups perceive the world. It is the combination between ethnology
and linguistics.
Ethnolinguistics and other sciences
1. Ethnolinguistics and philosophy
Human is closely connected with nature and the world. The world is in two
dimensions, external and internal. Consciousness or worldview is formed with these
both sides. Humboldt said that Language is the spiritual exhalation of the nation.
Human thinks, feels and lives only in the language. Language creates a direction of
consciousness. On the other hand, the world is actually a human cause worldview is a
result of human perception, fantasy, processes of thinking. As a linguist Potebnia
specialized in the philosophy of language he confirmed that worldview is recognized
by comparing what we are learning with what we have already learned. The word-
concept contains a generalized cultural meaning that make possible to consider the
linguistic unit as a linguistic concept. The concept is the subject of studying
lingvisophy. Making researchs of words, human not only gives names to individual
realities, but also put them directly in words. Human learns about the world through
his subjective perception. The conceptual picture of the world is a system of
knowledge that goes through word-sign and word-concept. The linguistic picture of
the world reflects the world and the worldview of a person through linguistic units
and phenomenas.
2. ethnolinguistics and culturology
Language is a significant part of ethnoculture. Language reflects ethno-cultural
stereotypes formed by the peculiarities of the national outlook. Vocabulary is an
indicator of the people`s culture. Ethnolinguistics studies the influence of life rituals,
customs and traditions on the language system. First of all it concerns the naming
processes. Example is the word «father» in Ukrainian language which reflects
meaning of father not only in family but culture.
3. Ethnolinguistics and Ethnology
Language is the basis of the knowledge of the spiritual nature of its speaker.
Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the
characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (cf. cultural,
social, or sociocultural anthropology). Ethnology studies the material and cultural
essence of a particular people, ethnogenesis, ethnogeography, history and geopolitical
relations. The basis for research is the linguistic phenomenon. for example the
Ukrainian word “squirrel» . this is the name for both the animal and its fur. In the
times of Kievan Rus this word was used for a particular tax. There is also a folklore
as a base for the study of ethnology(songs, proverbs, myths, riddles). Especially
significant are such words as happiness and sorrow which take place in folklore. This
language also gives us an image of the original beliefs of our ancestors, where nature
can live and feel. Moreover certain words like wedding» not only denote an event but
give a definition to a system of celebrating which includes certain customs, songs,
dances and many others.
4. ethnology and mythology
Understanding of the world and mindset takes place in a word. Human realizes the
presence of a soul in the body. But human could not also explain everything that
happens in nature and with hi, personally. It scared him a lot. That Is why human
began to explain this through myths. Myths used to were perceived as a true. The
word was formed from and the mysterious connection between human and nature.
Such as a comparison of the field and the sea, clouds and forests. Associations that
represent words generate constant associative relationships between words.
5. ethnolinguistics and psychology
The general psychology and behavior of the ethnic group has a significant influence
on the language forms. for the Ukrainian language there are characteristic so-called
«пестиливі» words. They are often used in folklore especially in songs. They often
have not only a positive but also a negative meaning. It also indicates the existence of
not individual, but rather collective thinking. A certain language form becomes an
idiom. Language reflects the mentality of the people as a national mindset.
6. ethnolinguistics and poetics
Modern language forms have deep roots in the animistic beliefs of our ancestors.
Some constant artistic phrases appeared on the basis of a person's comparison with
objects of the real world. Modern poetic language has lots of metaphors, personalities
and other artistic means. There is always an alive nature. There are also frequent
comparisons of people and animals. Each animal has a certain set of treats. Some
words are turned into metaphorical concepts.
7. ethnolinguistics and lexicology
In the broad sense, ethnolinguistics studies not only folklore but also dialectology and
the history of language. M. Tolstoy regards this approach as particularly important.
The language dictionary of the people represents a complex of linguistic units which
reflects the perception of the world of this people. language is dynamic and changes
constantly. Sometimes even the smallest features of a certain word reflect the people
and its culture. Thus Language is not just a reflection of the worldview, but
something that creates it. At the same time, the vocabulary is a mix of thematic
lexical systems, various lexical groups, and so on.
8. ethnolinguistics and onomastics
Onyms can tell a lot about the history of the people and its ethnogenesis. Examples
are the different names of one river in different countries over the Adriatic(Ukraine,
Croatia, Serbia). Such as river Horvatka. Not only geographic names have many
matches in other languages, but also general words of the Ukrainian language.
9. ethnolinguistics and phraseology
Phraseology is a field of science where ethnosciological peculiarities of a society and
the impact language on the formation of a mentality are clearly reflected. In
linguistics, phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms,
phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred
to as phrasemes), in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning
more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when
used independently. Phraseology is a product of folk imaginative thinking which
arises through comparison with other subjects. For example, a comparison of
women's beauty. Many phraseology has roots in historicism and mythology. In order
to better understand the people you need to study its phraseology and the field of its
use.
10.ethnology and dialectology
Each ethnocultural phenomenon has its own linguistic geography. Such as different
names for spring ritual songs. In various places of Western Ukraine they are called
differently. It's mostly maiden songs about the beginning of spring, the awakening of
nature. Its not songs but rather rituals cause it includes dances and games. Frequent is
the image of the bride.
11.ethnolinguistics and stylistics
The new Ukrainian literary language has two main genres: balad and poetry-song.
The main theme of the ballads was the desire for freedom and victory. typical is the
image of a kozak who is looking for personal happiness and the image of a blue-eyed
girl who loves the kozak and misses him a lot. Ballads often depict their farewell
before war or something like that. There are also used so-called «пестливі» words.
There is a huge number of typical words for some concepts. T. Shevchenko wrote
magnificent samples of ballads. Folklore words are static and always relevant. There
are also often used anti-phraseology.
 Language in the life of an ethnic group
Anthropocentric perception involves personality as a unit of consciousness. The
language of one is a reflection of collective consciousness. Since complex processes
of forming a personal and ethnic outlook take place. There are a lot of factors that
affect this. The image of the ethnos forms not only a universal system of knowledge
about it but also language. This can be considered in detail through associative rows.
The diversity of human languages related to the diversity of peoples. Although the
processes of ethnogenesis of all peoples are similar but all peoples are unique. The
ethnic group produces its own reactions to its own and to others. «own» has positive
effect whereas “others» rather negative. Interesting is the concept of the owner.
Usually choose only positive adjectives with it.
 Word in the context of ethnoculture
E. Sapir says that culture is what the people does and thinks, and language is about
how it thinks. Representatives of different peoples are concerned about different
things. In this way, the outlook affects the language. Folk customs and rituals create
ethno-cultural contexts where significant place has verbal aspect. Only in these
contexts sacred values of expressions and words are revealed. For instance: wedding
ceremonies, Christmas songs, Kupala rituals and so on. Some words are used only in
sacred meaning. O. Losev emphasizes that the word contains all our cultural
wealthness. Especially names. Cause people used to named their children in very
special way. They believe that each name has its own set of treats. The origins of the
contexts of the names of the days of the week and months are really interesting.
People give nature the magical properties and believe in the connection between
human and nature.
 ethnosophy of things and ethnosymbolics of names
Things are perceived because of the understanding of his ethnicity. Everything
relating to an individual is generalized by the human community. Human personality
is a part of ethno-community. For example, Easter eggs for Ukrainians are a magic
thing that is even a mascot. The colors that are used are really important (red is love
and joy, yellow is light, black is the fertility of the earth and richness). The colors are
very important in folklore and life rituals of Ukrainians.
 Ethnosigns of forms of words and statements
The Ukrainian customs have many phrases that symbolize certain attributes. Such as
bread and salt is an important attribute of the wedding. It also symbolize the
beginning of a good life. There is also interesting sigh of tree. We have lots of signs
of tree in our folklore. There are also many songs, proverbs and verses where the
devil is mentioned in order to avoid it. Many positive images are related to the
concept of cleanliness.

Ethnolinguistic studios of O. Potebnia

National language and its creation
O. Potebnia asserts that the word is an intermediary between people and creates a
connection between them. The use of words is the subordination of his particular
communication needs. Real thought is expressed in the word. A person uses a
language to communicate with other people. Language is the creation of a nation
because it has a national form. At the same time, the language always has an
individual form since the creation of a language is performed personally by a human.
What is considered as national language? The author refers articulate system and
system of linguistic units to the universal human properties of languages. All other
properties are only national. For example, the name of the mushrooms. For a
Ukrainian mushrooms are an edible or poisonous plant that grows in the woods. in
Ukrainian folklore "mushrooms" are often used. edible mushrooms are often called
lips. Since the mushrooms are similar with the human lips There are many
interesting names for edible mushrooms in the Ukrainian language. These words
reflect their etymological origin. The way of creating sounds affects the names of
objects. Meaning of any word is denoted symbolically. The transformation of the
objective world into thought is the linguistic power of the human mind. The disease
of the nation O. Potebnya calls the lack of a national idea.
 mythology and the linguistic world of man
A human has always believed that everything around her is alive and can think and
feel. Gradually nature became the basis of world worlview. The eternal will of human
to the objective knowledge of the world created myths and had reflection in the
language. The modern language has deep roots in the ancient beliefs of our ancestors.
All this was used perceived not as a myth but as a real truth. The sun appears as an
alive and intelligent being. The landlord is portrayed as a hard-working man who
cares about the welfare of the house. Often, it is compared with the gods, particularly
Perun. Agricultural labor reflects the generosity of the gods. Initially the sun was
female, but gradually turned into male. The sun is still God's gift in the imagination
of believing people. For instance korovai symbolizes the sun at the wedding. The
sun's cycles are also important. The rising sun is birth, the sunset is death. There are
also pagan names of the months In our language. Names of the days of the week in
Ukrainian language also have significant meanings. Perun has an important place in
the system of beliefs of our ancestors. Perun is god of fire, thunder, and war. Initially
it was major god but it had got rather negative meaning. One day a year is especially
important this is Easter. Easter is the Day of Resurrection. Human behavior was
driving by forces. They could be good and bad. People believed in the existence of a
fate that gives human benefits. The concept of happiness was compared with the fate.
 National language, idiotlet and culture
Language is a mean of intellectual transformation of the world. Each language
uniquely reflects the essence of human language. Different names of things in
different languages reflect a different worldview of peoples. The sense of the
people is reflected in its language.
 lexical subsystem of language and values of linguistic units
Saussure said that The evidence put forward is that, because different languages
have different ways of representing the same thing, it suggests labels are not given
to pre-existing entities, but rather the opposite occurs: language precedes the
existence of independent entities. the lexical composition of the language is
presented by its general dictionary. Language should be considered only in social,
cultural and historical contexts. Dictionary records typical language phrases. The
language system has its own form and content. The word is a mix of material and
ideal. Hegel himself never provided anything approaching a self-standing
'philosophy of language' that could be compared with his philosophies of art,
religion, nature, politics, or history. Rather, his views on language are expressed,
in part, in several relatively extended discussions which form parts of other
philosophical projects and, in part, in quite numerous comments and asides.
 Language is a product of the ethnic community and a mean of speakers self-
expressing.
The national language reflects human thoughts particularly and this is way human
expresses himself. The active position of the speaker reflects the deep interaction
between the language and human. Moreover great artists such as T. Shevchenko,
I. Kotlyarevsky and Lesya Ukrainka made a great contribution to national
language. The language helps the speaker to realize himself as individual whereas
it helps artist to make contribution to the national awareness of the people. The
writer must have his own individual style. Different styles and genres require the
use of different artistic means and words