CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale of the Study

There are some aspects in drinking and driving cases wherein some of the drunk drivers

crash their vehicles and motorcycles under alcohol influence which causes damage to public

and private properties and maybe causing casualties. The Traffic Enforcement Agency of

Mandaue presented their monthly incident report and there are 404 transport/vehicular crash

related injury cases in Mandaue City, Cebu in the month of August 2019. Thirty-six percent of

this were attributed to alcohol or liquor intoxication. In most cases, motorcycles and private

vehicles are the ones having a great percentage that easily involve in DUI (Driving Under the

Influence) accidents. The increase in the frequency of DUI accidents highlights the pressing

need to reassess current road safety rules and regulations and to initiate appropriate legislation

to curb the significant number of injuries and casualties caused by non-compliance with traffic

and road safety rules and regulations. So here we would like to propose a project that will

lessen or diminish such cases of drunk driving or alcohol intoxication. The proposed system

will always be monitoring if the driver is intoxicated in alcohol by placing the alcohol sensor

inside the helmet.

So if a drunk driver will try to drive, the system can detect the alcohol presence by

using a breathalyzer then locking the engine to prevent the drunk driver from driving the

motorcycle. In this system, we will be using Arduino Lilypad for the transmitter’s side that will

be place inside the helmet and Raspberry Pi for the receiver’s side that will be place at the

1|P a g e
motorcycle and an actual motorcycle to demonstrate the concept. This type of system is

wireless where it uses Tx and Rx 433 Mhz.

Here, the system has a face recognition where only the registered ones can access the

engine. Once the face is recognized, the driver must blow his/her breath in order for him/her to

start the engine. When the system encounters an alcohol signal at the transmitter’s side (helmet)

the receiver using a Raspberry Pi microcontroller receives the signal from the transmitter. The

allowable alcohol content is below 0.05 BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration). Once the alcohol

content reaches the limit or exceeds the limit, the buzzer will sound and the engine will lock.

This proposal is not just about detecting and system locking. Once the engine is lock, the GPS

Tracker that was inserted inside the car will trace up the location and currently gives an SMS

notification to the driver’s family members.

1.2 Theoretical Background

The former President of the Philippines, Pres. BENIGNO S. AQUINO III implementing

the law Republic Act No.10586, and This act shall be known as the “Anti-Drunk and Drugged

Driving Act 2013”. An act penalizing a person’s driving under the influence of alcohol,

dangerous drugs, similar substances, and for other purposes. This Act was made and held in

Metro Manila last July 23, 2012. This Act was passed to help and protect the person from being

out of control. [1]

According to the latest available data, there were a total of 110,025 road crash incidents in

2017, 703 more cases from last year's figures of 109,322. The 2017 figure translates to roughly

299 cases per day – a number too huge to ignore. This means that 4 in every 100,000 Filipinos

died while 193 people in every 100,000 were injured and 53% of this is driving motorcycle, in

2|P a g e
which there are 8% of the motorcycles riders are under influenced of alcohol. The data statistics

of road crash cases are shown in figure 1.2.1. [2]

Figure 1.2.1 Road Crash Accidents Statistics in the Philippines

3|P a g e
 Figure 1.2.2 The Ignition Circuit

The circuit above shows the parts of the ignition system of a regular motorcycle with CDI

(Capacitor Discharge Ignition System). A Capacitor Discharge Ignition consists of several

parts and is integrated with the ignition system of a vehicle. The foremost parts of a CDI include

the stator, charging coil, hall sensor, flywheel and the timing mark. The flywheel is a large

horseshoe permanent magnet rolled into a circle that turns-ON the crankshaft. The Stator is the

plate holding all of the electrical coils of wire, which is used to power ON the ignition coil,

lights, and battery charging circuits. The charging coil is one coil in the stator, which is used

to produce 6 volts to charge the capacitor C1. Based on the flywheel’s movement the single

pulsed power is produced and it supplied to the sparking plug by the charging coil to ensure

the maximum spark. The Hall Sensor measures the hall effect, the instantaneous point where

the flywheel’s magnet changes from a north to a south pole. When the pole change occurs, the

device sends a single, tiny pulse to the CDI box which triggers it to dump the energy from the

charging capacitor into the high voltage transformer. The timing mark is an arbitrary alignment

4|P a g e
point shared by the engine case and stator plate. It indicates the point at which the top of the

piston’s travel is equivalent to the trigger point on the flywheel and stator. By rotating the stator

plate left and right, you effectively change the trigger point of the CDI, thus advancing or

retarding your timing, respectively. As the flywheel turns fast, the charge coil produces an AC

current from +6V to -6V. The CDI box has a collection of semiconductor rectifier that

connected to G1 on the box allows only the positive pulse to enter the capacitor (C1). While

the wave entering into the CDI, the rectifier allows only the positive wave. The trigger circuit

is a switch, probably using a Transistor, Thyristor or SCR. This triggered by a pulse from the

Hall Sensor on the stator. They only allow current from one side of the circuit until they are

triggered. Once the Capacitor C1 is fully charged, the circuit can be triggered again. This is

why there is timing involved with the motor. If the capacitor and stator coil were perfect, they

would charge instantaneously and we can trigger them as fast as our wish. However, they

require a fraction of a second to full charge. If the circuit triggers too fast, then the spark from

the spark plug will be enormously weak. Certainly, with the higher accelerating motors, we

may have the triggering faster than the capacitor full charge, which will affect performance.

Whenever the capacitor is discharged, then the switch turns itself off and the capacitor charges

again. The trigger pulse from the Hall sensor feeds into the gate latch and allows all the stored

charge to rush through the primary side of the high-voltage transformer. The transformer has a

common ground between the primary and secondary windings, known as an auto step-up

transformer. Therefore, as if we increase the windings on the secondary side, you will multiply

the voltage. Since a spark plug needs a good 30,000 volts to sparks, there must be many

thousands of wraps of wire around the high voltage or secondary side. When the gate opens

and dumps all the current into the primary side, it saturates the low-voltage side of the

transformer and sets up a short but immensely magnetic field. As the field reduces gradually,

a large current in the primary windings force the secondary windings to produce extremely

5|P a g e
high voltage. However, the voltage is now so high that it can arc through the air, so rather than

being absorbed or retained by the transformer, the charge travels up the plug wire and jumps

the plug gap. When we want to shut down the motor engine, we have two switches the key

switch or the kill switch. The switches ground out the charging circuit so the entire charging

pulse is sent to ground. Since the CDI can no longer charge, it will cease to provide the spark

and the engine will slow to a stop. [3]

The system will automatically lock the engine of the motorcycle if the driver is drunk. A

starter relay will be used to control the whole process of ignition in the system. If the

microcontroller encounters an alcohol signal then it will analyze and if the driver’s BAC

reaches or exceeds the limit, the system switches the Relay from Normally Closed to Normally

Open. It will cut the current to the ignition coil and to the starter so the system will be locked

and it will stop the engine.

1.3 Review of Related Literatures

Alcohol detectors are commonly required by the law enforcement. Driving after

taking alcohol can result in serious accidents. People who drive after consuming alcohol not

only risk their own life but also of others. The MQ-3 sensor is used in the project to detect

alcohol level. The sensor detects the alcohol consumption by the smell of the breath. [3]

DC or direct current motor works on the principal, when a current carrying conductor

is placed in a magnetic field; it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. This is known

as motoring action. If the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of rotation

also reverses. When magnetic field and electric field interact they produce a mechanical force,

and based on that the working principle of DC motor is established. In our project DC motor

is using as engine starter which would be connected to crank of the engine. [4]

6|P a g e
 According to Yuichi Saito, Makoto Itoh, Toshiyuki Inagaki has described an assistance

system which effectively prevents drunken driving accidents. They presented a multilayered

assistance with dual control scheme which can help in reducing drunken driving accidents.

This assistance system interacts with driver to determine driver’s state in a multilayered way.

They used MQ3 Alcohol sensor which was equipped with assistance system for investigating

the effectiveness of finding out drowsiness of driver and avoiding accidents due to lane

departure. [5]

From the study of Shah, Nawgaje proposed a system for detecting drivers that are drunk

so as to track them down. The system uses Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processor and

MQ3 that detects liquor. The MQ3 sensor senses the intensity of liquor by means of an analog

to digital converter which is inbuilt in LPC2148 ARM controller. [6]

As stated by Pratiksha et al. adopted the Arduino ATMEGA328 controller board

interfaced with MQ-3 alcohol sensor module, GPS, GSM, LCD and DC motor. The GPS

module captures the location of a vehicle, and forwards it as a distress message through the

GSM module. The LCD acts as the display while the DC motor was employed as a model for

specifying the ability of the mechanism to lock the engine every time ethanol is sensed. [7]

According to Shaik et al. proposed an automatic vehicle engine locked control system

using Virtual Instrumentation. The proposed system used LabVIEW to implement an alcohol

breath analyzer. The method used an Arduino as the control unit interfaced with MQ-3 sensor

as a breathalyzer. Other modules interfaced with the Arduino are buzzer, LED, LCD and DC

motor. The LED and LCD served as the output device. ZigBee, IoT and LabVIEW software

are the other tools implemented. IoT enables E-mail to be sent to concerned persons of arrested

drunk suspects. [8]

From the study Mandalkar et al. proposed system included the use of a GPS for tracking

the vehicle’s location, heart pulse sensor to notify normal or abnormal condition of driver, and

7|P a g e
bumper switch to detect collision of vehicle. Other functional modules interfaced to the

ATmega328 controller are GSM, GPS, LCD, MQ-3 alcohol sensor, obstacle sensor, fuel

blocker, alarm and relays. [9]

As proposed by Nimmy et al. system to prevent the accidents due to drunken driving.

Major drawback of this system is that they have used PIC16F877A microcontroller which is

not as useful as Arduino Uno microcontroller that we are using. Also, they have used an old

design system which is not useful and increases the overall cost of the system which makes it

expensive and somewhat unaffordable to certain segments of society thereby limiting its scope

to be used. [10]

As stated by Bandi et al. a system is based on ARM7 LPC2148 microcontroller which

provides the continuous monitoring of a driver’s BAC. PAS 32U alcohol sensor was utilized

to continuously check the existence of liquor, while the Global Positioning System and Global

System for Mobile communication units send the place where the vehicle is situated via SMS.

[11]

According to Prashanth et al. a prototype of road accident avoiding system that have an

alcohol sensor MQ-2 which detects the presence of alcohol in human breath was integrated

with a PIC16F877/874 microcontroller which acts as the controller, and an LCD as the output.

[12]

From the study of Altaf et al. proposed an alcohol detection and motor locking system.

They used AT89S51 controller, MQ-3 alcohol sensor, and an LCD to notify the occupiers of a

car. The AT89S51 controller has an on-board flash memory which allows fast development

and reprogramming in a matter of seconds. [13]

According to Kousikan., Sundaraj employed an infra-red (IR) alcohol detection system

to provide continuous monitoring of a driver’s BAC. An IR source LED-894 was used to direct

8|P a g e
IR energy through an IR sensor (TSOP 1736) mounted on the steering wheel. The activation

of the relay circuit is made possible by an interface of IC-4538B and transistor-BC 547. [14]

This proposed system will use a face recognition to start the engine. The same to the

existing studies, MQ3 Alcohol Sensor will be use. In other studies, they use cars but this system

will use a motorcycle. Here, the system will be in wireless connection where it uses Tx and Rx

433 Mhz. The system composes the Transmitter’s side where the alcohol sensor and the

microcontroller (Arduino Lilypad) will be placed inside the helmet. And the Receiver’s side

where the Microcontroller (Raspberry Pi) and Camera for Face Recognition will be placed at

the motorcycle. In order to provide an accurate location if the driver is drunk, GPS Module

with Cell Site Triangulation will be use and automatically sends a message to family members

and friends of the motorcycle driver.

1.4 Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study is to design a system that will detect if a motorcycle driver

is drunk using an alcohol sensor and to use a facial recognition to verify the person. Once the

system recognizes the face of the driver and the alcohol sensor detects that the alcohol level of

the motorcycle driver reaches or exceeds the limit, then the ignition system will lock. Location

of the motorcycle will be track and sends an sms message to notify the family and friends.

Specifically, the study will address the following:

1.) Identify the camera to use for facial recognition. Register the faces of individuals that

can access the engine at least 5 individuals (owner, family members and friends).

2.) Integrate this device with an alcohol sensor that can determine the alcohol content of

the driver’s breath and connect through wireless (allowable alcohol content is below

0.05 BAC).

9|P a g e
 3.) Develop a system that will trigger the mechanism of the motorcycle by using an alarm

through buzzer, lock the engine, and sends SMS notifications to pre-registered contacts

when alcohol content of breath is exceeded or reaches the limit.

4.) Test multiple trials to ensure accuracy while recording measurements for

documentation. Evaluate the sensed data of the system.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The following are the main significance of the study:

 Rider. This study will primarily benefit motorcycle drivers. Once the system recognizes the

face of the driver, the engine will start but if it detects too much alcohol from driver’s breath,

it will automatically lock the engine and disallow the use of motorcycle. Thereby may

prevent untoward incidents that may happen.

 Families . Fatalities due to drunk driver especially to motorcycles are in most cases,

irreversible and leave families in pain and agony of lost and lifetime suffering for some.

This safety device will alleviate anxiety and control fatal accidents.

 To the commuters and community, driving under the influence of alcohol may result to

reckless driving resulting to homicide and damage to property. Electronically locking the

engine will enhance road safety, prevent loss of lives and damage to property.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The proposed study focuses on recognizing the face of the rider and alcohol detection.

When the camera recognizes the face of the rider then he/she has the access to start the engine.

One thing also, the driver must blow through his breath towards the alcohol sensor whether

10 | P a g e
he/she is intoxicated or not. The allowable alcohol content is below 0.05 BAC (Blood Alcohol

Concentration). Once the driver starts to blow, the alcohol sensor measures his/her alcohol

content and automatically locks the engine of the motorcycle once the driver is intoxicated in

alcohol. Then the system will track the location of the motorcycle by using GPS and

Triangulation and gives SMS message to the family members and friends to ask help to

accommodate the driver to their home.

In line with this proposal, only the driver, family members and friends that had registered

their faces in the system are the ones who can have the access to start the engine. This is only

applicable if the driver is intoxicated in alcohol and not in drugs. If the driver is recognized and

he is not intoxicated in alcohol, he/she can start the engine. If the driver isn’t recognized in the

system but is not intoxicated in alcohol, then he/she can’t start the engine. If the driver is drunk

and isn’t recognized in the system, then he/she can’t start. And if the driver is drunk and is

recognized in the system, then the engine will lock, the buzzer sounds and sends SMS message

to family members to ask help and to accompany the driver home. The system focus more on

the safety of the driver and to avoid him/her from accident and damage to property. This system

is only applicable to motorcycles with CDI’s and most of our motorcycles now have CDI’s

(Capacitor Discharge Ignition).

1.7 Methodology

This research is conducted to design a safety precautionary device to improve safety from

road crash accident in driving motorcycle. The device is Drunk Detector for Driver’s Safety

with Automatic Lock System composed of Face Recognition, MQ3 Alcohol Sensor, Tx and

Rx 433 Mhz, Switch Relay, Buzzer, GPS Module (with Cell Site Triangulation), GSM Module

and to be controlled by Arduino Lilypad and Raspberry Pi as the system’s microcontrollers.

11 | P a g e
 The researchers will incorporate descriptive method and quantitative method. These

methods are use to describe factually and systematically the effectiveness of using this system.

The research will start with data through collecting information regarding road accidents due

to alcohol intoxication.

Input Processes
 Knowledge in:  System Design
- Hardware - Conceptual
- Programming Design
- Ignition - Block Diagram Output
Circuit  System
- GPS module Development  Prototype
- GSM module - Prototype
- Tx and Rx Development
module  System Testing
- Motorcycle - Prototype
Parts Testing
- Implementation

1.8 Definition of Terms

BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) - Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to the

percent of alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) in a person's blood stream. A BAC of .10% means

that an individual's blood supply contains one part of alcohol for every 1000 parts blood.

Breathalyzer - a brand name for a device like a small bag, with a tube at one end, that the

police can ask a driver to blow into to see how much alcohol the driver has drunk.

CDI (Capacitor Discharge Ignition) - is a type of automotive electronic ignition system

which is widely used in outboard motors, motorcycles, lawn mowers, chainsaws, small engines,

turbine-powered aircraft, and some cars. It was originally developed to overcome the long

charging times associated with high inductance coils used in inductive discharge ignition (IDI)

12 | P a g e
systems, making the ignition system more suitable for high engine speeds (for small engines,

racing engines and rotary engines). The capacitive-discharge ignition uses capacitor discharge

current to the coil to fire the spark plugs.

DUI (Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol) - is the crime or offense of driving or operating

a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol.

Triangulation - is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring only angles

to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline, rather than measuring distances to the

point directly as in trilateration. The point can then be fixed as the third point of a triangle with

one known side and two known angles.

Tx and Rx - Tx and Rx are abbreviations for Transmit and Receive, respectively. Note that

these metrics are referenced to the server being monitored; Transmit FROM this server, and

Receive TO this server.

13 | P a g e
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS and INTERPRETATION of DATA

2.1 Road Accidents

The Traffic Enforcement Agency of Mandaue had presented their monthly incident report

last August 1-31, 2019. Based from the data that they had given, motorcycles and private

vehicles mainly are the ones that are mostly involve in road accidents. Total number of

accidents involving motorcycles and private vehicles were 296 and 365. There were 82

individuals who were injured and 2 individuals had died.

These table shows the whole data for road accidents from different causes like not

following the rules and regulations and driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs etc.

Table 2.1.1 Shows the Percentage in Every Various Cause in Road Accidents

VARIOUS CAUSE OF VEHICULAR ACCIDENT AND THEIR RESULT (%)

1 Influence of Alcohol. 36%

2 Influence of Drugs 16%

3 Failure to respect rules and traffic signs. 18%

4 Failure to give-way for pedestrians, vehicles and etc. 10%

5 Following too closely. 8%

6 Improper overtaking. 6.7%

7 Over speeding. 4%

8 Others 1.3%

14 | P a g e
 There are various causes why road accidents happen. And with that, the above table will

show the percentage in every cause. Driving under the influence of alcohol having a percentage

of 36% greatly gives an impact especially to motorcycle drivers. More to that, it is dangerous

and may lead to damage of property and fatality. Other reasons for Vehicular Accidents or

Road Accidents are Influence of Drugs, failure to respect traffic rules and regulations, failure

to give way to pedestrian lanes, vehicles and etc., following too closely, improper overtaking,

over speeding and others.

15 | P a g e
 2.2 FLOW CHART

START

FACE
RECOGNITION

ALCOHOL SENSOR

IF BREATH IS EITHER IF FACE IS RECOGNIZE AND IF BREATH IS NOT ALCOHOL

INTOXICATED OR NOT BUT FACE BREATH IS ALCOHOL INTOXICATED AND FACE IS
ISN’T RECOGNIZE. INTOXICATED. RECOGNIZE.

YES NO YES NO

ENGINE LOCK ENGINE ON ENGINE ON ENGINE LOCK

YES

 BUZZER ON
 ENGINE LOCK
 LOCATION IS
TRACK
 SENDS SMS TO
FAMILY MEMBERS
AND FRIENDS

END

Figure 2.2.1 The System’s Flow Chart

16 | P a g e
 Face Recognition and Alcohol Sensors are mainly used in the system. There are four

scenarios of the driver relating to these two that are mentioned above. First scenario, the driver

is not recognize and he/she is not intoxicated in alcohol. Although the driver is not intoxicated

in alcohol still he/she can’t start the engine because his/her face isn’t recognize by the system.

Second scenario, the driver is not recognize and he/she is intoxicated in alcohol. Still the driver

can’t start the engine because both of the system didn’t recognize the face and due to the

presence of alcohol. Third scenario, the driver is recognize in the system and the he/she is not

intoxicated in alcohol. The system will allow the driver to start the engine because the system

recognizes the face of the driver and he/she is not intoxicated in alcohol. Lastly, the fourth

scenario. The system recognizes the driver but he/she is intoxicated in alcohol. With that, when

the driver’s BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) reaches the limit or exceeds the limit, the

buzzer will sound and the engine will lock. After that, the system will track the location of the

driver and sends a message to family members and friends of the driver.

17 | P a g e
2.3 Conceptual Framework
Phase 1: Identify the camera to use
for facial recognition.
1. Pixy2 CMU Cam5 is use as face
recognition camera and Raspberry
Pi as the microcontroller.
2. Register the faces of the
individuals that can access the
engine, at least five individuals
(owner, family members and
friends).
3. Use an algorithm that will help
the system in recognizing the face
of an individual.
Phase 4: Evaluation and Testing
10. Test multiple trials to ensure
accuracy while recording the
measurements for documentation.
Evaluate the sensed data of the
system.
Feedback sensor
Figure 2.3.1 The Conceptual Framework
Phase 2: Integrate the device with an alcohol
sensor and connect it through wireless.
4. MQ3 alcohol sensor is use as the sensor
that will measure the alcohol content of the
individual. The allowable alcohol content is
below 0.05 BAC. The microcontroller that
will be use is Arduino Lilypad.
5. Connect the device through wireless by
using Tx and Rx 433 Mhz. The
transmitter’s side is the alcohol sensor
which is inside the helmet and the
receiver’s side is the face recognition
which is at the motorcycle.
Phase 3: Develop a system that will trigger the
mechanism of the motorcycle and use SMS
and GPS for locating and sending
information.
6. Once the alcohol level reaches 0.05 or
exceeds 0.05, the buzzer will sound and the
ignition will lock.
7. Locates the exact location of the driver
and the motorcycle after the device was
triggered.
8. Use SMS as a platform to send
important information.
9. Notifies the family members and
friends to ask help and to accompany the
driver to his/her home.
18 | P a g e
 2.4 System Design Flow

Figure 2.4.1 The System Design Flow Block Diagram

The system has a face recognition in order to verify the person if he/she is registered

in the system. Once the person wants to access the motorcycle, then he/she needs to be

recognize. So if the person is recognized, then he/she must wear the helmet to identify his/her

breath is alcohol intoxicated or not by blowing towards the alcohol sensor. If not intoxicated,

then the person can start the engine. If the person is alcohol intoxicated, then the data from the

transmitter will be transmitted to the receiver and will trigger the mechanism of the motorcycle.

Once the microcontroller encounters an alcohol content which reaches or exceeds the limit,

then the buzzer will sound. The ignition will be lock by the use of relay cutting the current to

the ignition coil and to the starter and tracks the exact location of the motorcycle. Then SMS

will be use as platform for notifying the family members and friends to accompany the driver

to his/her home.

19 | P a g e
2.6 Hardware and Its Specifications

Components Specifications

SoC: Broadcom BCM2837B0 quad-core A53 (ARMv8)

64-bit @ 1.4GHz
GPU: Broadcom Videocore-IV
RAM: 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM
Networking: Gigabit Ethernet (via USB channel),
2.4GHz and 5GHz 802.11b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi
Raspberry Pi 3b+ Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.2, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
Storage: Micro-SD
GPIO: 40-pin GPIO header, populated
Ports: HDMI, 3.5mm analogue audio-video jack, 4x
USB 2.0, Ethernet, Camera Serial Interface (CSI),
Display Serial Interface (DSI)
Dimensions: 82mm x 56mm x 19.5mm, 50g

Operating Voltage: 3-24V

Alarm Diameter: 22mm/0.86”
Alarm Height: 10mm/0.39”
2 mounting holes distance: 20 mm/1.18”
Piezo Speaker 2 wires length: 90 mm/3.54”
Buzzer type: Piezoelectric
Sound Pressure Level: 95 dB
Rate Voltage: 12V DC
Max Current Rating: 10 mA
Frequency: 3900±500 Hz

20 | P a g e
 Model: Pixy2 CMU Cam5
Dimensions: 42mm x 38mm x 15mm
Processor: NXP LPC4330, 204 Mhz, dual core
Image Sensor: Aptina MT9M114, 1296x976 resolution
with integrated image flow processor
Face Recognition Lens-field-of-review: 60 degrees horizontal, 40 degress
vertical
Power Consumption: 140 mA typical
Power input: USB input (5V) or unregulated input (6V-
10V)
RAM: 264K bytes
Flash: 2M bytes
Integrated Light source, approximately 20 lumens

Circuit voltage: 5v + 0.1

Heating voltage: 5v + 0.1
Load resistance: 200KὩ
Heater resistance: 33Ὡ + 5v
Heating consumption: Less than 750mw
MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Using Tem: -10oC - 50o C
Storage Tem: -20oC - 70o C
Related Humidity: Less than 95% Rh
Oxygen Concentration: 21%(Standard
condition)Oxygen

21 | P a g e
 Model: ZX4125
Plug & Go GPS receiver module
Compact design :25mm x 25mm x 2.5mm
Two antenna outlets with auto-detect switch
Simple UART interface
GPS
Ultra low power consumption ≒27mA 3.0V
High sensitivity -147dBm
Position accuracy: 3m CEP (50%), 7m CEP (90%)
without SA (horizontal)

Microcontroller: ATmega32u4
Flash Memory: 32 Kb, of which 4 Kb are used by the
bootloader
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage: 3.8 – 5V
Digital Input/Output pins: 9
Arduino Lilypad PWM Channels: 4
Analogue input channels: 4
Direct current per I/O pin: 40 mA
SRAM: 2.5 KB
EEPROM: 1KB
Clock Speed: 8 MHz

Wireless RF Simplex Transmitter and Receiver

Receiver Operating Voltage: 3V to 12V
Receiver Operating current: 5.5 Ma
Operating Frequency: 433 Mhz
Transmission Distance: 3 meters without antenna to 100
Tx and Rx 433 Mhz meters maximum
Modulating Technique: ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)
Data Transmission Speed: 10 kbps
Circuit Type: Saw Resonator
Low Cost and small package

22 | P a g e
 Model: SIM900
Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz
Dual-Band 900/ 1900 MHz
GPRS multi-slot class 10/8GPRS mobile station class B
Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+Class 4 (2 W @850/ 900
GSM MHz)
Class 1 (1 W @ 1800/1900MHz)
Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and
SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)
Low power consumption: 1.5mA(sleep mode)
Operation temperature: -40°C to +85 °C

Model: SPDT
250VAC 10A, 28VDC 10A
Relay Indicator LEDs
5V control voltage
Module size: 55mm x 16mm

23 | P a g e
2.6 Costing

Bill of Materials

Materials Quantity Price

Arduino Lilypad 1 265
Raspberry Pi 1 4000
Tx and Rx 433 Mhz 2 1,000
Face Recognition 1 4,000
Alcohol Sensor 2 700
5v Switch Relay 2 190
Piezo Buzzer 1 150
GPS 1 450
GSM 1 1,973
Others (wires, cases etc.) 5,000
Total 12 17, 728

24 | P a g e
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Arellano Law Foundation. (2013, May 13). The LAWPHiL Project Republic Act 10586.

Manila, Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10586_2013.html

[2] Rey, A. (2018, April 11, 1:09 PM). “Metro Manila Road Crash.” Philippine Rappler.

Manila, Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/199896-metro-manila-road-crash-2017

[3] Electronics Projects Focus, Capacitor Discharge Ignition (CDI), “Working Principle and

its Advantages and Disadvantages”, Retrieved from

https://www.elprocus.com/capacitor-discharge-ignition-cdi-system-working/

[4] Venugopal, M. (2017, May 27). Arduino Based Alcohol Detector. Retrieved from

https://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/arduino-based-alcohol-detector

[5] Bhumkar, S. P., Deotare, V. V., & Bobar, R. V. (n.d) “Accident Avoidance and Detection

on Highway.” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technologies (IJETT), vol. 3,

2012, pp. 2231-5381.

[6] Saito, Y., Itoh, M., & Inagaki, T. (2016, October 1). “Driver Assistance System With a

Dual Control Scheme: Effectiveness of Identifying Driver Drowsiness and Preventing Lane

Departure Accidents.” IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 46, 2016, pp. 660-

671.

25 | P a g e
[7] Shah, S., Nawgaje, D.D. (n.d) “ARM Based Drunk Driver Identification with Tracking

System.” International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, vol. 3, 2016,

pp. 302-307.

[8] Bhuta, P., Desai, K., & Keni, A. (2015, March-April). “Alcohol Detection and Vehicle

Controlling.” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications. Mumbai, India.

vol. 2, 2015, pp. 92-97.

[9] Shafi S., Tanmay, N. T. S., Tarunya, D., Vinay, G., & Reena K. (2016, May 1). “Automatic

Vehicle Engine Locking Control System to Prevent Drunken Driving using Virtual

Instrumentation.” International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, vol. 5, 2016,

pp.76-79.

[10] Mandalkar, R. B., Pandore, R. N., Shinde, M. B., & Godse, V. D. (2015, September 9).

“Alcohol Detection and Accident Avoidance using Locking with Tracking.” International

Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management Studies. Yeola, India.

vol. 3, 2015, pp. 142-147.

[11] Nimmy, J., Aparna, C., & Tenna P. J. (2014, January 1). “Alcohol Detection System.”

International Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology. vol. 3, 2014,

pp. 56-64.

[12] Geeta, B. S., Marur, D. R., (2015, March 3). “Smart Drunken Driver Detection and Speed

Monitoring System for Vehicles.” International Journal of Advanced Technology in

Engineering and Science. SRM University, India. vol. 3, 2015, pp. 67-74.

[13] Prashanth, K. P., Padiyar, K., Naveen, K. P. H., & Kumar, K. S. (2014, October 10). “Road

Accident Avoiding System using Drunken Sensing Technique.” International Journal of

Engineering Research and Technology. Bangalore, India. vol. 3, 2014, pp. 818- 823.

[14] Altaf, S. V., Abhinay, S., Ansari, E., Kaunain, M. D., & Anwer, R. (2017, February 2).

“Alcohol Detection and Motor Locking System”, International Journal of Advanced Research

26 | P a g e
in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. Telangana, India. vol. 6, 2017, pp.

989-993.

[15] Kousikan, M. (2015, September 27). “Automatic Drunken Drive Prevention System.”

International Journal of Students’ Research in Technology & Management. vol. 2, 2015, pp.

74-77. Retrieved from http://giapjournals.com/index.php/ijsrtm/article/view/188

27 | P a g e