“Ship Design and Innovation to Support Development and Sustainability of

Indonesian Maritime tourism”

GROUP 3 :

JEHAN FADHIL A.A (0117040007)

DICKY DESFIYAN RAMADHANSYAH (017040021)
MUHAMMAD ALIF ZAUHAR (0117040025)
NURFADILA CYNTIA PUTRI (0117040026)
SUCI ADINDA RAMSCHIE (0117040027)

Lecturer : Septavyola Dini Utami, S.Tr

Study Program : D4-Teknik Perancangan & Konstruksi Kapal

POLITEKNIK PERKAPALAN NEGERI SURABAYA

Jalan Teknik Kimia , Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111

2019
 Ship Design and Innovation to Support the Development and Group 3 / D4DCVA
Sustainability of Indonesian Maritime tourism

ABSTRACT : As a maritime country, that most region of Indonesia are ocean. The total area of the Indonesian
ocean broader than its land, Indonesia's land area of 1.91 million km2, while the area of oceans is 6.279 million
km2. With such widespread Indonesia kept many natural resources on land and under the sea is beautiful. No
wonder if Indonesia has many wonderful spots especially in the sector of the cruise. It is clear that Indonesia
needs a sustainable development in many aspects in addition to strengthen its position in international
community as well as to add to the positive effects related to economic strengthening. Tourism industry is one of
the biggest economic sectors of the world with extraordinary development rate. Meanwhile Indonesia considers
the cruise ship industry as a potential source of economic growth. The paper discusses the cruise ship and yatch,
specially for the ship’s design as the backbone of future tourism industry in Indonesia to attract tourists from
various points of view. Evaluate innovation methods within cruise sector which has strong growth numbers of
tourism and prepare recommendations for the future of cruise tourism in Indonesia.

.
1. Introduction
Sustainability was defined in 1987 by UN-
Commission which was also called as Brundtland-
Report as follows: ‘Sustainable development meets
the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs’.
This approach became very important which has also
used as main orientation factor by local or global
decision makers about sustainability issues. [4] Beside
generation’s responsibility, there are some other
principals such as;
- Coherence : Connection of social, economic, political
and ecological targets.
- Participation : Involving of different actors in order
to implement the sustainability strategies.
- Responsibility : Sustainable development is carried
together by industrialized and developing countries
but with different methods.
Based on those ground principles, it is possible
to approach cruise tourism with components such as
economic, socio-cultural and ecological effects
(Becker; Hopfinger; Steinecke, 2007).
Over the past few centuries, the development of ships
has significantly altered the course of humankind.
Empires have been established, remote corners of the
earth have been explored and settled, and major
commerce between nations can all be attributed in
one form or another to the development of ships.
Recently, ship design has evolved into the design of
advanced marine vehicles such as hydrofoils, multi-
hulls, and surface effects ships. In addition, the last
few decades have seen the development of offshore
structures for energy exploration and extraction as
well as aquaculture. When looking at the future, it is
expected that humans’ reliance on the oceans for
food, transportation, energy, and recreation will only
increase. Today, the design of ships and offshore
structures requires numerous engineering disciplines
including hydrodynamics, structural engineering,
mechanical engineering, power engineering,
materials engineering, electrical engineering, and
ergonomics, to name a few. In essence, a ship must
contain all the elements of a small city but with the
ability to travel on the harsh ocean environment.
Same as a cruise ship, where the design requires a lot
of references from various disciplines in order to meet
the aspects and criteria that support the aim of
improving and sustaining tourism.
2. Sustainability and Innovations in Cruise
Industry
Although cruise industry creates positive
economic effects on target regions, middle and long
term real negative effects are stayed unexplained and
with mostly unfilled expectations. Relationship
between investments and results, costs and benefits
in economy and with social and cultural terms is not
very balanced and very disadvantage for target
regions. [4]
2.1. Economics Effect
It is possible to cover all economic effects as
follows :
- Countries are profiting from cruise ships with
the help of taxes and dues which are paid by
companies.
- Many cruise ship companies register
themselves in certain countries because of
special advantageous labour force laws such as
Bahamas, Panama, Cyprus and Liberia.
- Countries make profit because of workers and
extra service companies which work for cruise
ship companies.
- Harbours make profits with berthing, water,
electricity and waste management. But food is
sold by international logistic companies and
daily trips are mostly organized by cruise ship
companies.
Ship Design and Innovation to Support Development and
Sustainability of Indonesian Maritime tourism
- Cruise ships are very mobile and there is very
strong competition between harbours in order to
win cruise ships as customers. Beside touristic
attractions, fees are kept especially very low.
This is compensated by alternative methods
which have negative effects on environment and
labour force.
- Two groups benefit from big number of
passengers: Firstly, local traders who sell clothes,
accessories and souvenirs to tourists, secondly
touristic suppliers such as travel agencies and
restaurants which are strongly demanded in
target regions. Especially, daily tours are booked
on board thousand times by cruise passengers.
This creates dependency of regions on cruise
ship companies. Greek Islands such as Mykonos
or Corfu can be given as examples. Restaurants
benefit very less from passengers because daily
tours are organized so deliberately, customers
have to be at ship during lunch or dinner times.
Here, it is possible to give detailed insight about
expenditure from three sides such as passenger,
operator and crew expenditure with the help of
table.
2.2. Socio-Cultural Effects
Sustainable tourism is based also on
intercultural exchange between tourists and
locals. It is very important that guests have
possibility to see locals in their authentic life. But
mostly, passengers see themselves not as guests
but mostly as customers. Touristic supplies are
mostly offered according to stereotypes of
destinations. It seems very typical to select
visiting main attraction areas or building private
clubs or islands through cruise ship companies.
Animation programs help to design cruise ships
as destination. Daily tours can be also ignored by
passengers with recommendation of cruise ship
companies as well. Thousands of passengers are
flooding over cruise ship destination regions
after and after by big cruise ships and this has
negative effects and creates danger on decision
rights and self-development possibility of locals.
2.3. Ecological Effects
Cruise ships are mostly seen as waste
producer of the world seas. Big and luxurious
ships are real danger for environment
Group 3 / D4DCVA
protection. These ships need more electricity
and water when they are getting bigger. 400
liter water is average daily consumption of a
passenger; 3 kg waste is produced also by one
person on the board. Additionally, there are
also sewage sludge, water contaminated by oil
and emissions of ship engines (Sachanalyse,
2013).
2.4. Ship Emissions
Ship’s engines have negative effects with
their pollutant emissions on environment.
Amount of pollutant emissions of cruise ships
will be increased % 72 until 2020 according to
International Maritime Organization. These
ships are mostly compared with small cities.
They leave ecological footprint in the water
while they use rest production of oil refineries
during the journey. Soot-, SOx- (Sulfurdioxide)
und NOx- (Nitrogen oxides) – Emissions are
most important reasons for climate and health
problems. Ship gases have these harmful
substances which can create heart and liver
illnesses. Especially crew members and locals of
coastal regions live under big treat. There is a
great need of law in order to decrease the level
of harmful emissions which cover especially
cruise ships. Since 2010, in some regions such as
Baltic Sea, there is a restriction for cruise ships
that they cannot be operated with more than 1 %
of sulphur content. Next year, it is only possible
to move with maximum 0.1% of sulphur content.
These regulations are not applied worldwide.
Diesel costs will increase and this will have
negative effect on tickets per person.
3. Conceptual Design Development
3.1 Conceptual Design Seeking
Marina and yacht harbours are well
developed in the Mediterranean basin, and they
can also develop the European economy. There
are two kinds of marina models in the European
market. The first is a marina that plays a role in
the development of a region. The second is a
marina that is simply a product of a spectrum of
tourist facilities (Kizielewics & Lukovic, 2013). In
Korea, the reconstruction of old ports to become
marinas is seen as a favourable choice because
the shapes of the existing ports still meet an
Ship Design and Innovation to Support the Development and Group 3 / D4DCVA
Sustainability of Indonesian Maritime tourism

engineering design standard that can provide two types of marina development should be
the advantages of saving coastline resources and applied in each region of Indonesia. The results
developing the yacht industry rather than will differ from one region to another because of
leaving the port as is (Zai et al., 2013). The role of the potential product difference and the
the marina as government development agenda. The table
an economic booster and to maximize spatial shows the resulting conceptual design
utilization can be applied as an alternative choice development by region.
with careful study and implementation. Proper
location selection, a marina design that has an
ergonomic function for people, and sustainable
maintenance could be references for marina
development (Achmadi et al., 2016; Bilski, 2015).
In the case of port development, however, the
discussion is focused on a passenger terminal.
As in the successful example of the Tanjung
Perak Port, with the improvement of the GSN
passenger terminal, the idea of integrating a
passenger terminal with a tourist attraction has
a big impact on attracting foreign and domestic
tourists. This concept design can be applied to
another passenger terminal in IER. The
redevelopment of ports has also had a large
impact in other major port cities worldwide. For
example, Shimonoseki Port has transformed into
one of the important ports in Japan with the
addition of the Karato fish market, a famous fish
market where tourists can directly taste fishery
products, Kaikyokan aquarium, Kaikyo Yume
Tower, and other attractive surrounding
facilities (Song & Chun, 2005). Another example
is Kobe Port, still standing after the Great
Hanshin Earthquake, which never fails to satisfy
its tourists following the addition of a maritime
4. An Overview of Cruise Ship Design
museum, Kobe Port tower, and shopping
Combination of Engineering and Art
facilities in the surrounding area to its MICE
facilities. The construction of West‐Breakwater Design as a compromise of quality. Design is not
in Jeju New Port is also an interesting example only a beautiful change but also a solution of a certain
because it functions not only as the protector of task. Tourism is related with art, so art is very
the port but also as a tourist attraction with its important in tourism. We know that engineering and
breakwater design and zone classification that art are two different but interrelated disciplines.
make the port a leading sightseeing place (Kim Engineering will present rules and even limits while
et al., 2005). [5] art knows no limits. So, we need to know the aspects
that become important points in engineering and art
3.2. Results
that can be a common benchmark. As defined by
In accordance with the Regional A.Nazarov “Design is a combination of five basic
Development Agenda of RPJMN 2015‐2019, the controversial properties.” : [3]
utilization of 4M factor analysis, and the
- Aesthetics – visual appeal of craft;
literature from successful examples, three types
- Comfort – sense of physical or psychological
of conceptual design development for a
case;
passenger terminal and two types of conceptual
- Performance – combination of speed,
design development for a marina are obtained.
controllability, sea keeping, functionality;
Table 4 shows the results of the conceptual
- Safety – protection of craft and people against
design development. Three types of passenger
harm events;
terminal conceptual design development and
Ship Design and Innovation to Support Development and
Sustainability of Indonesian Maritime tourism
- Cost – economics of construction, operation,
maintenance and resale.
Successful design is a successful combination of
those, with given priorities for each. Say, for a
houseboat performance is likely to be of much less
importance than comfort; for an ocean cruiser safety
is more vital than aesthethics. Thus an evaluation of
design cannot be done in the abstract from
particular statement of requirements. We will look
at factors of safety, comfort and aesthetics directly
affecting general design and styling, starting from
‘more technical’ factors and then moving to their
impact on aesthetics and looking at some design
samples
4.1. Aesthetic
What is aesthetic design and its importance
for the perception of usability. Humans like
pretty and shiny design; they desire it much more
than functional one. We enjoy looking and using
aesthetically pleasing design, because it satisfies
our senses, it gives us pleasure. Designers tend to
think of aesthetics as the visuals of the design.
However, aesthetic design consists of more
elements than just how it looks.
What is aesthetic design? There is a whole
branch of philosophy exploring aesthetics. Let’s
scratch the surface of the Aesthetics field and
learn how it relates to our design work.There is a
phenomenon that social psychologists call “the
halo effect”. It means humans tend to assume that
good-looking people have other positive
qualities aside from their looks.The same is valid
for product design. Good looking products and
user interface are perceived as more valuable
and having more qualities.
“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”. Aesthetics
are in all our senses, not just the sight.
Aesthetics in boat design is a category of
emotional comprehension applied appearance of
a utilitarian object [3] – a boat in general or its
particular details. Judgment of aesthetics can
hardly be formalized; it is variational and is
based on psychological and cultural factors.
General aesthetics of boat can be characterized by
- Style – visual appearance that relates boat to
certain period, school, location, shapes, etc.;
Group 3 / D4DCVA
- Architectural type – a collective set of boat
features describing its layout and functions.
- Proportions – relations between elements and
the whole of design such as visual masses and
dimensions
4.2. Comfort
Comfort is very important that as a Tourist
they should have very good experience to enjoy
the view of the tourism. Sense of physical or
physicological ease that we can make the tourist
enjoy their’s holiday with a ship. Comfort is
subdivided into psychological and
physiological. Psychological factors are quite
subjective and provided by rational planing of
space, general feeling of boat safety,reliable
equipment,pleasant crew, familiar activity anda
environment etc. Physiological factors of
comfort are measurable they are related to
psychological conditionts of people on board
and are subject to assessment : [3]
• Noise
• Lighting
• Climate
• Acceleration
• Accomodation
Comfort requirements are specified in
comfort class rules of classification societies such
as Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Lloyds Register
(LR), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), etc;
some factors are included in international
standards such as ISO or IMO, also in national
sanitary regulations or directly specified in
customers requirements. Officially a ‘comfort
class’ is issued for luxury yachts or passenger
craft, but many of comfort class requirements are
worth considering on smaller boats.
Unfortunately, form a customers’ point of view
comfort is often mistaken with interior design
that means how soft the cushions are and how
big is mirror in bathroom; later on, a ‘light and
sporty boat’ turns out uncomfortable in terms of
air conditioning or sound privacy. In this respect
all comfort noted above should be considered at
initial design stages and not on a residual basis.
4.3. Safety
 Ship Design and Innovation to Support the Development and Group 3 / D4DCVA
Sustainability of Indonesian Maritime tourism

Safety is a complex category of protection of
craft and people againts harmful events. [3]
Being on a boat, people are exposed to weather
elements, depend on possible technical failures
and effect of human factors,We can subdivide
safety issues related to boat design and operation
into normative-regulated by rules and standard;
not regulated but based on operation experience
and design practices; associated with other
activities on boat not directly related to use of
boats.
In today’s world boat safety is assessed
using standards and regulations covering major
aspects of design from general safety, strength
and stability to systems and equipment. All
standard applicable for boats can be categorized
in following groups :
• International Standards (IMO, ISO)
• National standards (GOST-R, CFR, etc)
• Rules of Classification Societes (LR, GL, DNV,
BV, RMRS, NK, RINA, ABS, CCS, etc)
and execution of the design. So we need to concern to
make the aestheticand comfortable for the tourist.
6. Conclusion
Tourism is a potential that Indonesia has, so we
must optimize it. with all the positive and negative
impacts, tourism remains a special attraction for
tourists. especially cruise tourism. Based on the 4M
factor analysis, we know there are three types of
conceptual design development for passenger
terminals and two types of marina development.
The conceptual design development will have the
best result if the local wisdom of each region is also
applied. IER is the priority for maritime tourism
development because of its abundant natural
resources and need for immediate action to boost
equality using strong connectivity. Thus, enacting
these improvements can make Indonesia`s maritime
tourism locally connected and internationally
recognized. from the point of view of shipping,
cruise ship design planning is also important, in
addition to meeting the criteria, the design must be
solutive to existing problems.

• Rules of Associations and Organizatons

(ABYC, ORC, etc)
REFERENCE
For small pleasure craft primary regulations 1. Edmunds A. 1998. Designing power and sail.
are recreational Craft Directive and ISO Small Bristol Fashion Publications.
Craft Group of standards that are applied for
2. Mikkelsen J. The Contribution of Industry to
boats in the range of hull lengths Ln = 2,5 – 24 m
and compulsory for all pleasure craft sold in Ship Design Education. University of British
European Union. According to these regulations Columbia.
boats are assigned with one of four categories : 3. Nazarov A. 2012. Practical Small Craft Design
A – ocean; B – offshore; C – inshore and D - : Combining Art with Science. Thailand.
sheltered. Not mandatory in other parts of the 4. Polat N. 2015. Technical Innovations in Cruise
world these rules are widely used in may
Tourism and Results of Sustainability.
countries as design guidelines or for alternative
Pamukkale University. Turkey.
certification.
5. Sulistiyono A.B. 2017. 4M Study to Support
5. Design Interior Indonesia's Maritime Tourism Development.
To make the ship aesthetic and comfortable for Kobe University. Japan.
the tourist we need to combine design interior in our
Ship’s Design plan. So what is interior Design?
Interior design is the art and science of enhancing
the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and
more aesthetically pleasing environment for the
people using the space. An interior designer is
someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and
manages such projects. Interior design is a
multifaceted profession that includes conceptual
development, space planning, site inspections,
programming, research, communicating with the
stakeholders of a project, construction management,