CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

This chapter focuses on the introduction, statement of the problem, significance of the

study, scope and delimitation, and definition of terms. In this chapter you’ll know why the

researchers came up investigating this device and study.

Introduction

Philippines is a country who is suffering from different types of pollution, especially air

pollution. Here in Metro Manila, many vehicles are passing the road every single day. Air

pollution is one of the contemporary issues that we are suffering nowadays. From the vehicles

who emit smoke, smoke through the use of cigarettes, and the burning of trash. Solutions are not

yet discovered, but here is the device that we are investigating, “The Smoke Absorber.”

A smoke absorber is a device with a mechanical fan. It is used to emit harmful smoke outside the

kitchen. The work of this device is to filter the interior air by removing airborne grease, bacterial fumes,

bad odor, heat, combustion of products, and steam to the external environment. (Jain, 2017)

The researchers came up with this project to start the innovation with our environment

especially when it comes to pollution. Pollution makes our environment worst and worst.

Pollution does not only happen outside the house with the vehicles and factories. It also happens

inside the house with the smoke came from the kitchen. The change always start at home! The

researchers of Grade-11 Philippines of the National College of Business and Arts-Fairview,

wants to start solving this particular issue at home. At home, wherein people use different types

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of appliances that emit smoke just like gas ranges. The researchers came up with this device to

start a healthy environment inside the house. As we want to help our environment, the Smoke

Absorber is made up of recyclable products such as boxes and plastic bottles to make it more

eco-friendly.

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Statement of the Problem

The researchers from the GAS 11 Philippines of the National College of Business and

Arts aims to investigate the possible effects to pollution of a newly invented device called “The

Smoke Absorber.”

With this regard, the study wants to find possible answers to the following questions:

1. Why will this device affect the consumer?

2. How will this device affect the community and environment?

3. Why will the persons be affected with this device?

4. How will device be effective?

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Significance of the Study

This study is conducted by the researchers in hope to help the following:

For Community. This study aims to help the community in terms of health. This device wants

to help the kids and people around the community to prevent and stop the growth of respiratory

diseases such as Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, and Lung Cancer. This device wants to reduce the

number of people who is suffering from the said diseases and of course the number of death rate.

For Environment. This study aims to help the environment. We want to help the environment in

terms of agriculture. Crops won’t be affected by the smoke and the people won’t get sick. We

also want to help the environment in terms of climate. The ozone layer won’t be affected by the

smoke. Smoke produce too much heat to our environment, people won’t be affected by the UV

Rays. The smoke absorber aims to reduce heat from the smoke.

For Buyers. This study aims to help buyers to reduce smoke and pollution inside their

neighborhood.

For Families. This study aims to help families prevent respiratory diseases especially for the

young ones and the whole family. This will also help the families who do not have exhaust fan

because this product can be the substitute. This will also help the families save money and

electricity.

For Future Researchers. This study aims to help future researchers. If this device became well

known in the market, researchers can improve it. They can improve it to reduce smoke in a larger

scale to solve more problems about air pollution.

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Scope and Delimitation

This device focused on the effects of the Smoke Absorber to the problem about air

pollution. This device used recyclable materials such as boxes, plastic bottles, and parts of a

broken toy. The purpose of this device is to reduce the smoke specifically smoke inside the

house and kitchen.

This device is only limited to the smoke releases inside your house especially in the

kitchen. It does not include any other smoke that is released outside the house specially the

smoke from the factories. Moreover, the Smoke Absorber is limited use only to the smoke inside

the house and does not absorb smoke from the vehicles and factories. Although it can be use

outside the house but it will cause the immediate destroy of the device. The respondents of the

study focus on the neighborhoods around Quezon City. Respondents are around 15-50 years old

and usually students, unemployed, and professionals.

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Definition of Terms

Airborne – Done or being off in air or being of the ground; carried by the air. (Merriam Webster,

2019)

Air Pollution -

Absorber – To take or to receive. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

Bacterial Fumes – Irritating smoke, vapor, or gas that is caused by the bacteria. (Merriam

Webster, 2019)

Bronchitis - Acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

Combustion - An act or instance of burning; a usually rapid chemical process (such as

oxidation) that produces heat and usually light. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

Lung Cancer - Is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs. These abnormal

cells do not carry out the functions of normal lung cells and do not develop into

healthy lung tissue. (Lung Cancer 101)

Ozone Layer - An atmospheric layer at heights of about 20 to 30 miles (32 to 48 kilometers)

that is normally characterized by high ozone content which blocks most solar ultraviolet

radiation from entry into the lower atmosphere. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

Pollution - The action of polluting especially by environmental contamination with man-made

waste. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

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Respiratory Diseases - Is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the

organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. The study

of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. (Wikipedia, 2019)

Smoke - Fume or vapor often results to the action of heat on moisture. (Merriam Webster,

2019)

Tuberculosis - an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles)

in the tissues, especially the lungs. (Merriam Webster, 2019)

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 CHAPTER TWO

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes related studies and literature which have significant relation to the

device called “Smoke Absorber.” The researchers gathered books and articles to have a support

on the study.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Factors affected by the Pollution

Environment is everything that is external or organism. A human being’s environment

includes factors such as temperature, food supply, and other people. There are two types of

environment: abiotic and biotic. Abiotic is the factors that does not have life. It includes factor

such as temperature, humidity, soil, radiation, chemicals, and pollution. Biotic environment

includes the factors that has life. Including plants, animals, and human. (World book

Encyclopedia, vol.6, page 329) In the atmosphere, chemicals undergo through a cycle.

Chemicals such as hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Smoke is also found in the

atmosphere.

Pollution and its Different Types

According to Marian R. Chertow, contributor to the encyclopedia entitled “World Book

Encyclopedia Volume 6”, there is such thing called Environmental Pollution. Environmental

Pollution refers to all the ways that human activity harms the natural environment. Most people

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encountered environmental pollution in the form of an open garbage dump or an automobile

pouring out black smoke. However, pollution can be invisible, odorless, and tasteless.

Some kinds of pollution do not actually dirty the land, air, or water nut they reduce the quality of

living for people.

There are different types of pollution, the air, land, and water pollution. Air pollution is

the contamination of the air by such substances as fuel exhaust and smoke. It can harm the health

of the plants and animals and damage buildings and other structures. It can potentially cause

change in the worldwide climate. The atmosphere normally consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and

small amounts of carbon dioxide and gases and particulates. Particulates are tiny particle that can

either be solid or liquid. Pollution occurs when industries and vehicles releases such large

amount of gas and particulates into the air that natural processes can no longer keep the

atmosphere in balance. There are two types of air pollution: outdoor and indoor. Outdoor air

pollution are the usual results of burning of fuel to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings.

One of its common types is the smog which is a brown mixture of gas. Indoor pollution on the

other hand is when the buildings poorly designed ventilation system traps the pollutants inside.

The main types of indoor air pollution are tobacco smoke, gases from smoke and furnaces,

household chemicals, small fiber particles, and hazardous fumes. (World Book Encyclopedia,

Vol.6, page 331)

According to World Health Organization as of 2018, about 3.8 million people die

prematurely from illness that are caused by household air pollution. Illness such as Pneumonia

and Lung Cancer.

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 Land pollution on the other hand, is similar to soil contamination. include garbage and

industrial waste, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, impacts from mining and other forms of

industry, the unwanted consequences of urbanization, and the systematic destruction of soil

through over-intensive agriculture; we'll take land pollution to mean any kind of long-term land

damage, destruction, degradation, or loss. Causes of land pollution can either be waste disposal,

mining, urbanization, agricultural chemicals, and soil erosion.

Water pollution means one or more substances have built up in water to such an extent

that they cause problems for animals or people. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can

naturally clean up a certain amount of pollution by dispersing it harmlessly. Causes of water

pollution are chemical waste, waste water, oil pollution, and plastics. (Woodford, 2019)

Advantages of Smoke Absorber

Smoke absorber is a device which can help the community stop the pollution. But, what

are its purpose, advantages, and disadvantages? The work of a smoke absorber machine is to

filter the interior air by removing the airborne grease, bacterial fumes, bad odor, heat,

combustion products and steam to the external environment. (Jain, 2017)

Here are three advantages why you should use the smoke absorber. Helps prevent

harmful fumes, a fume extractor or smoke absorber greatly reduces the probability of developing

health problems. Removes harmful contagions in the air, the extractor not only removes harmful

fumes in the air it also traps small particles in the air surrounding the workplace. This allows for

a safer work environment since any particles that form during the work day are removed. Proper

Ventilation, in areas that do not have much space or windows, a ventilation system is needed for

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safety. A fume extractor with a built in ventilation system would be a great benefit for small

works spaces.

LOCAL LITERATURE

Pollution in the Philippines and South East Asia

Vehicles are the top contributor of pollution in the Philippines. Vehicle emission is the

leading factor that contributes 69% to the country’s air pollution and 90% of which comes from

Metro Manila. Based on records of the Land Transportation Office, more than 6,000 vehicles

have been added on the road from 2012 to 2014. “Pollution worsens because the number of

vehicle is increasing; the population is growing; the roads are getting congested and structures

are getting higher. These are some factors why air pollution remains on the ground and not

dispersing,” explained Rene Pineda, Partnership for Clean Air president. In 2013, more than

three million developed respiratory diseases due to air pollution but the number has lowered by

29% in the past 3 years. (UNTV, 2016)

Philippines ranked second on the most deadliest for deadly indoor air pollution. The

Philippines is the Asia Pacific region's second deadliest country for household air pollution,

according to the study of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Lao People's Democratic

Republic is currently the deadliest country in Asia Pacific for household or indoor air pollution.

Indoor air pollution, caused by cooking with kerosene and solid fuels such as wood in polluting

stoves, open fires and lamps, has been linked to deaths among women and children. As for

outdoor or ambient air pollution, the Philippines ranks as the third deadliest country in the Asia

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Pacific Region, according to the study. China still tops the most hazardous country when it

comes to outdoor pollution, followed by Mongolia.

Outdoor air pollution is caused by pollutants such as sulfate, nitrates and black carbon, which

pose the greatest risks to human health. Air quality can also be influenced by natural elements

such as geographical, meteorological and seasonal factors, the report added. (CNN Philippines,

2018)

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 CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

This chapter shows the methodological procedures section of the whole study or

investigation. It includes the components of procedure of creating the product, description of the

respondents, and the sample questionnaire that the respondents answered,

Description of the Respondents

The respondents of the study are mainly composed of people with different occupations

and responsibilities.

The researchers conducted the study at different parts of Quezon City, Metro Manila,

Philippines. The population of the study came from the different barangays in Quezon City, such

as Novaliches Proper, North Fairview, and Payatas. The respondents are heterogenous, meaning

it is composed of both male and female. The age of the respondents are landing from the

youngest which is 15 and the oldest in 48. Some respondents are unemployed and students.

Some are professionals, with a job like Insurance Underwriter, Engineer, Massage Therapist, and

Operations Manager. The professions of the respondents are not big deal, because each and every

one of us experience how worst the smoke is and can use the product smoke absorber.

Research Method

To meet the objectives of the study, the researchers used the Survey Method to determine

the possible effects of the device called smoke absorber to the people and environment. Here is

the draft of the survey form that the researchers used.

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Name: Gender:

Age: Occupation:

Address:

Where do you think people will use this device?

____ Cooking/Anything in the kitchen

____ Outdoors/Cigarette Smoking?

____ Others (Please specify)

What do you think will be the effect of the smoke absorber to the community?

__ Prevent respiratory diseases

__ Cleaner and fresh environment and air

__ Others (Please specify)

If you will assume, how many days do you think this device will last to insert

another batteries?

__ 1 to 2 days

__ 2 to 4 days

___ 5 and up

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Product Procedure

The device called smoke absorber is mainly composed of recyclable materials. The

researchers used the following materials to create the device: cut cartons, plastic bottle, glue gun,

½ PVC pipe, DC motor, 9 volts battery, switch, and propeller. The researchers measured and cut

the carton in 15 x 22 centimeter. After measuring the box, the researchers create a circle or a hole

that was patterned to the plastic bottle. What happened next? The researchers create a hole that

was patterned to the big fan. Next to the procedure is that, the researchers glued the plastic bottle

and the propeller to the holes that are created. Small square hole is also created for the place of

the switch. The boxes with the propeller, and the base were also glued. Another PVC pipe is

glued to the base but it has DC motor and propeller. The DC motor is connected to the two

switches outside the box. The box with the propeller, base, and plastic bottle are glued together.

Another PVC pipe is attached to the base but it is close the plastic bottle. The researchers

connect the wire from each other. Batteries are attached to its position, the researchers closed the

top part of the device with another carton. Upon closing it, the researchers tried the device first

before closing it. After a lot of procedures, the researchers tried absorbing the smoke from the

cigarettes.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

This chapter includes the presentation and interpretation of data gathered by the

researchers from the prepared survey form regarding the device called Smoke Absorber.

Question no. 1

Where do you think people will use this device?

According to the data that the researchers gathered, 60% of the survey population

believed that the device is used for activities in the kitchen just like cooking. While the 36.7% of

the population concluded that the smoke absorber is used in outdoor activities with the activities

or work like cigarette smoking. The last 3.3%, believed that the device is used for other

purposes, but the respondents do not specify what kind of activity it is.

Chart no. 1

The chart below shows the result of the question number one which states: Where do you

think people will use the device?

Others
3%

Outdoors
37%

Cooking
60%
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Question no. 2

What do you think will be the effect of the smoke absorber?

According to the data that the researchers received from the survey, 43.4% respondents

believed that the smoke absorber will be the solution for the prevention of respiratory diseases

such as Bronchitis and Tuberculosis. The 53.3% of the population believed that the effect of the

smoke absorber in world will be cleaner and fresher environment. The last 3.3% believed that the

smoke absorber has other effects in the community. One respondent specify her answer, she

believed that the device will be the cure to air pollution.

Chart no. 2

The chart below shows the graphical representation of the answers in question no. 2:

Which states that what do you think people will use the device?

Prevent respiratory diseases Cleaner and fresher environment Others

Others
3%0%

Prevent respiratory
diseases
44%
Cleaner and fresher
environment
53%

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Question no. 3

If you were assume, how many days do you think this device will last to insert another

batteries?

According to the survey, 30% of the respondents believe that the energy or the power of

this device will last for one to two days. The 36.67% believed that the batteries will last for two

to four days. The remaining 33.33% of a hundred believed that the batteries will last for five

days above.

Chart no. 3

The graph below shows the graphical percentage of answers in the question: If you were

to assume, how many days do you think this device will last to insert another batteries?

1 to 2 days 2 to 4 days 5 days abov

0%

1 to 2 days
5 days abov 30%
33%

2 to 4 days
37%

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 CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter provides a summary of the findings of the study, the conclusion based on the

results, as well as the recommendations formulated as a result of the conclusion obtained.

Summary of the Findings

The results of the survey provide that the respondent have a different opinion.

1. Where do you think people will use the device?

Based on the result of the survey, 18 out of 30 or around 60% respondents say that they

will use the product for cooking or kitchen use. 11 out of 30 or around 37% respondents

say that they will use the product for outdoor use with the cigarettes and vehicles. 1 out of

30 or around 3% say that the device is for other use.

2. What do you think will be the effect of the smoke absorber?

Based on the results, 13 out of 30 or approximately 43% say that the device is for the

prevention of respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis. 16 out of 30 or around 53% say

that the device is for the environment to make it cleaner and fresher. 1 out of 30 or 3%

say that the device is for other purposes specifically for air pollution.

3. If you were assume, how many days do you think this device will last to insert

another batteries?

According to the study, 9 out of 30 or 30% of the respondents say that the device will last

for a day or two. 11 out of 30 or around 37% say that the batteries will last for about two

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 to four days. 10 out of 30 or around 33% say that the batteries will last five days and

above.

Conclusion

The survey provided percentage of the people who believe that the smoke absorber is really

effective in kitchen use. As the researchers conclude the reason, the researchers say that the

respondents are affected with the smoke from the kitchen. Kitchen is the dirtiest part at home,

with the dirt, smell and smoke. Some say that this device is really effective outdoors, with the

cigarettes and vehicles. Although, the device is made for indoor use. People are really affected

with the dirt of the environment, with the smoke from the cigarettes and vehicles, people outside

are more prone to disease. To add to that, plants and other environmental aspects are also

affected by smoke. Some people believed that the device will create cleaner environment

because it decrease the number of smoke. Having a device that decrease the smoke will lead us

to the place where fresh air exists. Respondents also believe that the device is for two to four

days use only. It is battery operated so the respondents conclude that it consumes a lot of energy.

The device will affect the consumer in many ways. The device will help them reduce the number

of sick person inside their neighborhood. This device will help the community and environment

in many ways. For the environment, the earth will have fresh and clean air. The device will

reduce the smoke so on the heat. If the environment is affected the community will also benefit.

Why will be the persons affected with this device? This device will help the person became

healthier. This device will reduce smoke and so respiratory diseases. How will this device be

effective? This device will absorb the smoke that people do not want in the environment. People

hate it because it cause different diseases as well as

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Recommendations

As a current researcher we extend our recommendation to the following:

For the Consumers – please use this device accordingly for its use. The researchers recommend

to use this at home specifically in the kitchen. It is recommended if you buy the improved

version created by the researchers. The researchers recommend to use this smoke absorber

instead of exhaust fan. This device is more cheaper and it is made from recyclable materials.

For the future researchers - extend the time that it can be use before replacing the battery so

users will not be able to use less time and use it more often. We also recommend to have it

remodel or make it look better to attract more users also because it depends on the appearance of

something for people to believe that this device is good enough but no matter how powerful or

great your device is, if it look less beautiful the people will unintentionally to doubt the device.

Future researcher can also add other features if it's a nice or good thing for the device.

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