KEWASPADAAN UNIVERSAL DI

PELAYANAN DARAH

dr Errisa Maisuritadevi Mara, M.Sc., Sp.PK

KEWASPADAAN UNIVERSAL

 yaitu tindakan pengendalian infeksi yang dilakukan oleh seluruh tenaga

kesehatan untuk mengurangi risiko penyebaran infeksi dan didasarkan
pada prinsip bahwa darah dan cairan tubuh dapat berpotensi menularkan
penyakit, baik berasal dari pasien maupun petugas kesehatan
UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES

Understanding the basic principles of infection is essential for any health

care worker in any field of health care.
1. Disease transmission
2. Prevention of disease transmission
Chain of infection.
If broken, infection will not occur.
Various Medical Instruments And Apparatus That May Serve As Inanimate
Vectors of Infection (Fomites).
 Compliance Control Methods

Personal Protective Universal Precaution

Equipment
Personal
Hygiene

Work Practice
Controls
 Compliance Control Methods
Universal • All human blood and certain human bodily fluids are
Precaution treated as known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and
other BBPs.

– Treat all blood and bodily as if they are contaminated.

– All body fluids must be considered as potentially
Precaution

infectious materials.
– Proper cleanup and decontamination
– Always wear appropriate PPE
– Replace PPE that is torn or punctured
– Remove PPE before leaving the work area
 Equipment

Protective • Barrier gowns

clothing • Gloves
included but • Eyewear (goggles or
was not glasses)
limited to: • Face shields
Barrier gowns
HAND HIGIENE
HAND HIGIENE
Safe processing of instruments/ other equipment:

Cleaning, disinfecting
and sterilizing are
different processes
carried out for
different reasons.
 Safe environment:
Keep floors and other surfaces clean

Manage soiled linen safely

Dispose of all used sharps immediately in appropriate (puncture proof)

containers. Do not walk around carrying a used needle or blade. Never put
needles in with general waste. Do not re-cap needles, or remove them from
the syringe after use.

Bury or incinerate sharps.

Burn or bury other medical waste ( at least 20 meters away from water
sources)
 Steps
Establish
standard
procedures for Ensure that staff
infection have the
prevention in Train staff and appropriate
health facilities: ensure that equipment and
develop a procedures are adequate
procedure understood supplies to
manual or file; implement
develop wall precautions.
charts to serve
as reminders.
 Ensure staff have
reasonable working
Supervise and support hours and working
staff to ensure they conditions, because
implement the people who are
procedures. stressed and tired may
make mistakes or be
tempted to cut corners.

Many of the problems around universal precautions are related

to behaviors of health staff rather than lack of supplies.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Alat Pelindung Diri (APD)
 PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINGDUNG Diri (Apd)
• Masker

• Jas Laboratorium
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINGDUNG DIRI (APD)
PPE Controls
 Pelaksanaan ?

Sarung Jas lab 

tangan  kapan
kapan ganti? dicuci?

Sepatu lab
 kpn
Makan &
dicuci?
minum?
Masuk
toilet?
 Compliance Control Methods
• PPE Controls
– PPE must be used to prevent potentially infectious materials
from coming in contact with work clothes, street clothes,
undergarments, skin or mucous membranes.
– Employees must wear gloves when there is potential contact
with blood, potentially infectious materials, mucous
membranes or broken skin.
– Remove gloves promptly after use, and before touching non-
contaminated items and environmental surfaces.
 PPE Controls
• Remove gloves promptly after use, and before touching non-
contaminated items and environmental surfaces.
 Compliance Control Methods

• Safe Work Practice Controls

– Remove contaminated PPE or clothing as soon
as possible
– Clean and disinfect contaminated equipment and
work surfaces
– Thoroughly wash up immediately after exposure
– Properly dispose of contaminated items, including
contaminated PPE
 Compliance Control Methods
• Personal Hygiene
– Do not touch anything that is contaminated, such as sharps or body
fluids.
– Take care to minimize splashing of all infectious materials.
– Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and
handling contact lenses are prohibited in areas where there is a
potential for occupational exposure.
 Compliance Control Methods
• Personal Hygiene Cont.
– Use CDC guidelines for hand hygiene:
• If hands are not visibly soiled, use alcohol gel.
• When hands are visibly soiled, wash hands with soap and water.
• Always wash your hands before eating and after using the restroom.
 Bloodborne Pathogens
• Summary
– Always know what you are working with.
– Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when
handling any type of bodily fluid.
– Always wash your hands after handling any type of bodily fluid, even
when wearing gloves.
– Do not handle sharps or broken glass with your hands and without
protection.
– Properly dispose of pathogen waste, including PPE.
– Always report all suspected exposures.