Reviewer for DRR Provincial Quiz Bee

1. Gawad KALASAG is an award given to individuals, government and non-

government organizations and private sectors in recognition of their initiative in
helping the Filipino government uplift the standard of the disaster management in
the country, elaborate what KALASAG means? - Kalamidad at Sakuna Labanan
Sariling Galing and Kaligtasan
2. BDRRMC in every barangay shall be responsible for setting the direction,
development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management
programs within their territorial jurisdiction. What does the letter C in BDRRMC
correspond for? - Committee
3. It is the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.
- Risk
4. Execuive Orderr No. 137, s. 1999 – Declaring the Month of July of every year
as National Disaster Consciousness Month and Institutionalizing the Civil
Defense Deputation Program
5. It is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in
the atmosphere trap energy from the Sun. – Climate Change
6. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 - The Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was adopted by UN Member
States on 18 March 2015 at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk
Reduction in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The Sendai Framework is the
first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda, with seven targets
and four priorities for action.
7. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) - In January 2005, 168 Governments
adopted a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards at the World
Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. The Hyogo
Framework is a global blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts during the
next decade. Its goal is to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 - in
lives, and in the social, economic, and environmental assets of communities
and countries.
8. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement between industrialized nations
to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
9. The Sendai Framework is a 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement which
recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk but that
responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local
government, the private sector and other stakeholders. It aims for the following
outcome: The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods
and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets
of persons, businesses, communities and countries.
The Seven Global Targets

(a) Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global
mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
(b) Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower average
global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
(c) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
(d) Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services,
among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by
2030.
(e) Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction
strategies by 2020.
(f) Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and
sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this Framework by
2030.
(g) Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and
disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.

The Four Priorities for Action

Priority 1. Understanding disaster risk

Disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its
dimensions of vulnerability, capacity, exposure of persons and assets, hazard
characteristics and the environment. Such knowledge can be used for risk assessment,
prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response.

Priority 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk

Disaster risk governance at the national, regional and global levels is very important for
prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation. It fosters
collaboration and partnership.

Priority 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction through structural
and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the economic, social, health and
cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the
environment.

Priority 4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build

Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
The growth of disaster risk means there is a need to strengthen disaster preparedness
for response, take action in anticipation of events, and ensure capacities are in place for
effective response and recovery at all levels. The recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction phase is a critical opportunity to build back better, including through
integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures.
10. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or “UNFCCC” -
This Framework Convention is a universal convention of principle, acknowledging
the existence of anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change and giving
industrialized countries the major part of responsibility for combating it.
11. PD No. 1566 of 1978 – Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control, Capability
and Establishing the National Program of Community Disaster Prevention; this
decree was replace by RA No 101211.
12. Republic Act No. 101211 – An act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the national
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor and
for other purpose. Otherwise be known as Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act of 2010.
a. This Law also develops a National Disaster Reduction and Management
Framework (NDRRMF) which shall provide for a comprehensive, all hazards,
multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to DRRM. It
envision a country of “safe, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino
communities towards sustainable development”. Meaning it aims to
empower communities and develop the right mindset and positive behavioral
changes towards reducing and managing the risks and lessening the effects of
the disasters.
b. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) is a
road map on how DRRM shall contribute to gender-responsive and rights-
based sustainable development. It promotes inclusive growth, build the
adaptive capacities of communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable
sectors , and optimize disaster mitigation opportunities with the end in view of
promoting people’s welfare and security.
Note: Chairman of the NDRRMC is the Secretary of the Department of National
Defense (DND) Sec. Delfin Negrillo Loenzana
13. Four Thematic Plans of the NDRRMC
a. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Headed by Department of Science
and Technology (DOST) – Fortunato T. De la Peña) – Avoids hazards and
mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and
enhancing capabilities of communities. There function is to provide warning
signals (PAG-ASA), forecasting and monitoring (PAG-ASA), hazard and
risk mappings (PHIVOLCS), and structural and non-structural interventions
(a) Disaster Prevention – The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters.
(b) Disaster Mitigation – the lessening or limitation of the adverse
impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures
encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resilient construction as
well as improved environmental policies and public awareness.
 b. Disaster Preparedness (Headed by Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG) Sec. Eduardo Año)– the knowledge and capacities
developed by governments, professional response and recovery
organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,
respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current
hazard events or condition. Its function is planning seminars, drills
(earthquake drill, fire drill) and symposiums to the community, preposition
and stockpiling, organizing responders.
c. Disaster Response (Headed by Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) Sec. Rt. Lt. Gen. Rolando Joselito D. Bautista) –
the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or
immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce negative health
impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the
people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on
immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called ‘disaster
relief’.
d. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery (Headed the National Economic
and Development Authority (NEDA) by Director General Ernesto Pernia)
– restore and improve facilities and living conditions and capabilities.
(a) Rehabilitation – measures that ensure the ability of affected
communities and/or areas to restore their normal level of functioning by
rebuilding livelihood and damage infrastructure and increasing the
communities’ organizational capacity.
(b) Post Disaster Recovery – the restoration and improvement where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-
affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in
accordance with the principle of build back better.
14. 5% of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall set aside in the Local
Calamity Fund also known as Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Fund (LDRRMF) in support to disaster risk management activities such as, but not
limited to, pre-disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-
saving rescue equipment, supplies and medicines for post-disaster activities and
the payment of premiums on calamity insurance.
15. Republic Act of 10639 – An act mandating the Telecommunication service
providers to send free mobile alerts in the event of natural and an made disasters
and calamities. Otherwise known as The Free Mobile Disaster Alert Act.
16. Municipality of Cagwait is one of the Finalist of Gawad KALASAG in the
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Mangement Council (4th to 6th Class)
 Philippine History (Natural and Man-Made Disaster)

A. Tyhoon - a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific

oceans.
1. The provinces of Samar and Leyte including other neighboring provinces
experienced a disastrous typhoon last 2013. The international name is Super
Typhoon Haiyan.(Yolanda)
2. Tropical Storm Sendong (International Name Washi). A tropical strom that
affects by areas of Cagayan De Oro, Bukidnon and Iligan City last 2011.
3. Super Typhoon Pablo (International Name Bopha) - was the strongest
tropical cyclone on record to ever affect the southern Filipino island of
Mindanao in the year 2012, making landfall as a Category 5 super typhoon
with winds of 278 kph.
4. Typhoon Frank (International Name Fengshen) – damages the province of
Western Samar in the year 2008 with a wind speed of 204 kph.
5. Typhoon Reming (International Name Durian) - was a violent tropical cyclone
that wreaked havoc in the Philippines in late-November 2006 in Samar and
other nearby Provinces of Visayas with a wind speed of 175 kph.

Classification of Typhoon
Tropical Depression Up to 61kph Signal 1
Tropical Storm 620118 kph Signal 2
Typhoon 118-220 kph Signal 3
Super Typhoon More than 220 kph Signal 4

B. Earthquake - a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing

great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic
action
1. Luzon Earthquake (1990) – Struck in the island of Luzon (Baguio) with an
estimated magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Violent)
2. Bohol Earthquake (2013) - in Bohol, an island province located in Central
Visayas, Philippines. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded at Mw
7.2, with epicenter 6 kilometres S 24° W of Sagbayan, and its depth of focus
was 12 kilometres.
3. Surigao del Norte (2019) – Magnitude of 6.2 on March 8.
Vocabulary:

4. Adaptation – the adjustment in natural or human systems in

response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects
which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
5. Capacity – a combination of al strengths and resources available
within the community, society or organization that can reduce the
level of risk or effects of a disaster.
6. Civil Society Organizations (CSO) – a non-state actors whose
aims are neither to generate profits nor to seek governing power.
7. Climate Change – a change in climate that can be identified by
changes in the mean and or variability of its properties and that
persist for an extended period typically decades or longer
whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.
8. Contingency Planning – a management process that analyses
specific potential events or emerging situations that might
threaten society or the environment and establishes
arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and
appropriate responses to such events and situations.
9. Disaster – serious disruption of the functioning of a community or
a society involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts.
10. Disaster Risk – the potential disaster losses in lives health status,
livelihood, assets and services which could occur to a particular
community or a society over some specified future time period.
11. Disaster Risk Reduction – the concept and practice of reducing
disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage
the causal factors of disasters including through reduced
exposures to hazards.
12. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – a systematic
process of using administrative directives, organizations and
operational skills and capabilities to implement strategies and
policies.
13. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System –
a specialized database which contains, among others,
information on disasters and human material, economic and
environmental impact, risk assessment and mapping and
vulnerable groups.
14. Early Warning System – the set of capabilities need to generate
and disseminate timely ad meaningful warning information to
enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by
a hazard to prepare and to acct appropriate and in sufficient time
to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.
15. Emergency – unforeseen or sudden occurrence especially
danger, demanding immediate action.
16. Emergency Management - the organization and management of
resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of
 emergencies in particular preparedness, respose and initial
recovery steps.
17. Exposure – the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to
experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
18. Geographic Information System – a database which contains
among other geo-hazard assessments, information on climate
change, and climate risk reduction and management.
19. Hazard – a dangerous phenomenon substances, human activity
or condition that may cause loss of life and others.
20. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
(NDRRMP) – the document to be formulated and implemented
by the Office of Civil Defence (OCD) that sets out goals and
specific objectives for reducing disaster risks.
Chairman of the OCD is Usec. Ricardo B. Jalad
21. Resilience – the ability of a system, community or society
exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover
from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner.
22. Response – any concerted effort by two or more agencies to
provide assistance or intervention during or after the disaster.
23. Risk Assessment – a methodology to determine the nature and
extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating
existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially
harm exposed people and others.
24. Risk Management – the systematic approach and practice of
managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss. It
comprises risk assessment and analysis and the implementation
of strategies and specific actions to control, reduce and transfer
risks.
25. Risk Transfer – the process of formally or informally shifting the
financial consequences of particular risks from one party to
another whereby a household.
26. State of Calamity – a condition involving mass casualty or major
damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads
and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result
of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.
27. Sustainable Development – development that meets the needs
of the present without comprising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts – (1) the
concept of needs in particular the essential needs of the world’s
poor; (2) the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology
and social organizations on the environment’s ability to meet
present and future needs.
 28. Vulnerability – the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability may arise if lack of
public information and awareness, limited official recognition of
risks and preparedness and disregard for wise environmental
management.
29. Vulnerability and Marginalized Groups – those that face higher
exposure to disaster risk and poverty including but not limited to
women, children, elderly, differently-abled people and ethnic
minorities.

Hazards
 Avalanche- snow avalanche, snow slide
 Cold Wave - extreme weather, extreme temperature, cold temperatures
 Cyclone - hurricane, tropical storm, tropical depression, typhoon
 Drought - deficiency of precipitation, desertification, pronounced absence of
rainfall
 Earthquake - seismic, tectonic
 Epidemic & Pandemic - epidemic: bubonic plague, cholera, dengue, non-
pandemic diseases, typhoid; pandemic: H1N1, HIV, smallpox, tuberculosis
 Flood - inundation; includes: flash floods
 Heat Wave - extreme weather, extreme temperature, high temperatures
 Insect Infestation - locust, plague, African bees
 Land Slide - debris flow, mud flow, mud slide, rock fall, slide, lahar, rock slide and
topple
 NBC - Nuclear, Biological, Chemical -biohazard risk, chemical contamination,
nuclear radiation risk
 Storm Surge - coastal flood, wave surge, wind setup
 Technical Disaster - chemical spill/leak, explosions, collapses, gas leaks, urban
fire, oil spill, technical failure
 Tornado - waterspout, twister, vortex
 Tsunami
 Volcano -crater, lava, magma, molten materials, pyroclastic flows, volcanic rock,
volcanic ash
 Wild Fire - bush fire, forest fire, uncontrolled fire, wildland fire