Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-8, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Dye Industry Wastewater
Treatment by
Coagulation Process: Review
Paper
MsApekshaAwasthi1,Dr.ParagDalal2,Dr.J.K.Srivastava3
1
ResearchScholar,2AssistantProfessor&3Professor
1,2,3
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,UjjainEngineering College,Ujjain(M.P.)
Abstract: Dyeing and printing industries process outcome is one of the most
common environmental unfriendly process. The heavy toxic chemicals are generally
used for dying and printing process. The large amount of raw water is been used
in this colorization process. This paper deals with the dye wastewater which is
collected from Bhairavgarh areaofUjjain(M.P.)
with the help of coagulation process. Some of the dying industries use the inorganic
chemicals in the process of dying the textile. Bhairavgarh dying industry is one of
them. This paper investigate the chemical contamination in the sampled collected
wastewater with the use of coagulation process to measure the physical parameters
such as pH,BOD,COD,DO,TDS,SS etc. It also shows a comparative
study of parameters of the wastewater before and after the coagulation process
implementation.
Keywords: Dye industry, Colorization, Coagulation, Bhairavgarh,
Physical Parameters, andWastewater.
Introduction: Dye industries are one of the major industries
in India that provide employment
without any special skills to poor workers. Dyes are used in many industries such
as textile, rubber, paper, plastic, cosmetic etc. Waste water disposed ofbyvarious textile
and paper industriesisa major hazard to the environment. Due to the presence of a large
number of contaminants such as acids, bases, dissolved solids, and colors. The
water is primarily employed in all the process from dying finished products. These
effluents produce high concentrations of inorganic salts, acids, and bases. Wastewater
from dying industries contains dyes in dissolved and suspended form and poses a
serious health problem because it has a high concentration of both color and
inorganic/organic matter. This color ofthe effluents discharged into various water bodies
throw open sewers and affects the environment and humans which cause
many water borne diseases. Waste water from dying industries contains different types
of dyes, because of their high molecular weight and complex structures, it
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
shows very low biodegradability. The organic compounds which are colorants
represent a minor fraction of unpleasant and an undesirable appearance. Treatment of
textile waste water is done using traditional Physico-chemical methods which are
expensive,largequantitiesofsludge will be generated and usually, it needs the addition
of toxic chemicals for cleaning. Textile effluents have a very high COD and low
BOD. There are many treatment processes investigated for the treatment of waste
water of dying industry, which is dealing with dying waste water, are biological,
physical and chemical methods. Physicochemical treatment method included
coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, electro dialysis, flotation, ultra filtration,
adsorptionetc.
Out of these methods, the Coagulation method is mostly applied in textile industries.
As this method is effective for removal of a large amount of COD and color.
Previously a lot of work has been reported in this field regarding dying waste water
treatmentprocess.
Literature
Review
In the year 2000 R.Marchant, et al., studied on “Physical removal of textile dyes
from effluents and solid-state fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues” In
this study, there was three agricultural remnant used, wheatstraw, wood chips and corn-
cob which already examined good absorb capability for individual dye and mixture
of dye. Bythis70–75% color dismissal wasachieved from
500 ppm dye solutions at room temperature using corn-cob shreds and wheat
straw. Raise the
temperature had little effect on the adsorption capacity of the residues. It was
observed that absorbed dye solutions were found to be suitable substrates for solid-state
fermentation (SSF) with two white-rot fungi; Phanerochaete Chrys podium
and Coriolus Versicolor. Both strains soar
unrestrained and produced a maximal protein content of 16, 25 and 35 g and
19, 23 and 50 g in SSF of 100 g dry weight wood chips, corn-cob shreds
and wheat straw, respectively, satiate with ammoniacal nitrogen to give a C: N
ratio of 20:1. And from this experimental study approach
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Vol-3, Issue-8, 2017
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provides initially results for the remediation of textile effluent and the residues
conversion of agriculturalintosoilconditioner.
In the year 2001 Nagarethinam Kannan et al. studied on Kinetics and
mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons—a
comparativestudy
The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on mercantile activated
carbon (CAC) and indigenously prepared activated carbons from
bamboo dust, coconut shell, groundnut shell, rice
husk, and straw, have been studied. In this study In the year 2002 P.Nigam,
et al. studied the “Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye effluent by two
agricultural waste residues, corn cob, and barley husk” In this study, The use of
an antecedently unworn bio absorbent, barley husk, for dye removal is compared
to corn cob. The ascendancyofadsorption asa means of dye removal has made itan
ideal alternative to other more costly treatments. This paper deals with two low-
cost, renewable bio absorbents, which
are Agro industrial by-products, for textile dye
removal. In to this study Experiments at total dye concentrations of 10,
20, 30, 40, 50, 100,
150, and 200 mg l−1 were carried out with a mock
effluent consisting of an equal mixture of five textile dyes. The effects of initial
dye concentration, bio absorbent particle size, the dose of bio absorbent,
emphatic adsorbent, and dye removal kinetics were examined. One gram
(per 100 ml) of ≤600 μm corn cob was found to
be effective in precautionary a high percentage of dyes at a rapid rate (92% in
48 h). One gram of 1×4 mm barley husk was found to be the most
effective weight and particle size combination for the removal ofdyes (92% in 48
h). The results exemplify how barley husk and corn cob are effective bio
absorbents with respect to the removal of textile dyes from the effluent.
Inthe year 2003 J.K.Basuetal, studied on Nano filtration of textile plant effluent for
color removal and reduction in COD membrane based separation process (nano
filtration, NF) is used to treattheeffluent froma textile plant. The dye mixture contains
reactive black dye (Cibacron Black B) and reactive red dye (Cibacron Red
RB). An organic membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 400 is
used for the experiments. The experiments are conducted in an unstirred batch
and a quadrate cross flow cell. Separations with retentions up to 94 and
92% of the two dyes are achieved respectively in the cross flow cell where
steady state is attained quickly. It is important to note that NF
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
effects of various experimental parameters have been found by using a batch adsorption
process to obtain information on treating effluents from the dye industry. In this
experiment, the processis was observed that The limit of dye expulsion increased with
the decrease in the initial concentration of the dye and particle size of the adsorbent and
also increased with increase in contact time, an amount of adsorbent used and the initial
ph of the solution. This study results definitely that such carbons could be employed
as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatmentforthe
removalofcoloranddyes.
techniques achieve a sharp scarcity in chemical oxygen demand (COD), (up
to 94% in the cross flow cell), as the dyes are removed from the per mite. A
parametric study of the separation process is undertaken to characterize the effects
of the operating variables, e.g., trans-membrane pressure,dye concentrationin the
feed and cross flowvelocityincaseofcrossflowNF.
In year 2004 Renuka Gupta et al., studied on Basic dye (m-ethylene blue)
removal from imitative wastewater by adsorption using Indian Rosewood
sawdust: a timber industry waste” in this study showed potential use of Indian
Rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo) sawdust, pretreated with formaldehyde and
sulphuric acid, for the removal of m-ethylene blue dye from simulated
wastewater was examined. The effects of different system variables, viz.,
adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH and contact time were
studied. The results show the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the
percentage of dye removal rise accordingly. Higher adsorption percentages
were observed at lower concentrations of m- ethylene blue. Optimal ph value
for dye adsorption was determined as 7.0 for both the adsorbents. Maximal
dye was sequestered within 30 min after the beginning for every
experiment. The experiments were carried out with mercantile available
activated carbon to comparetheresults.
In year 2005 Aniruddha B.Pandit et al., studied on Imperative technologies
for wastewater treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions” In
this study it is observed that due to the increasing presence of molecules,
refractory to the microorganisms in the wastewater streams, the conventional
biological methods cannot be used for complete treatment of the effluent so that
author introduce new technologies to degrade these refractory molecules into
smaller molecules, which can be further oxidized by biological methods, has
become imperative. In this paper experiment
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Vol-3, Issue-8, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
work on aims at high lighting five different oxidation processes operating at
ambient conditions viz. The experiment work highlights the basics of these
individual processes includingthe optimumoperatingparametersand the reactor
design aspects with a complete overview of the various applications to
wastewater treatment in the recent years. In the next article of this two article
series on imperative technologies, hybrid methods were discussed and this
work forms a useful foundation for the work focusing on hybrid
technologies.
In the year 2006 Anjali Pandey et al., studied on “Bacterial decolorization and
degradationofazo dyes”
As we know Azo compounds install the largest and the most miscellaneous
group of synthetic
dyes and are widely used in a number of industries such as textile, food,
cosmetics and paper printing. The reductive disintegration of an azo bond,
leading to the formation of aromatic amines,isthe initiative reaction during
the bacterial metabolism of azo dyes. Anaerobic
azo dye decolonization by various mixed and pure bacterial cultures have
been reported. Under these conditions, this reaction is non- specific with
respect to organisms as well as dyes. Multiple mechanisms, which
comprise enzymatic as well as low molecular weight redox mediators, have
been proposed for this non-specific reductive disintegration. Some aerobic
bacterialstrainsthatcan utilize azo dyes as growth substrates were isolated. These
organisms generally have a small substrate range. It is known that
unpretentious aromatic amines can be mineralized under methanogenic
conditions. Sulfonated aromatic amines, on the other hand, are resistant and
require specialized aerobic microbial involved for their mineralization. This
study was focused on the bacterial decolorization of azo dyes and
mineralization of aromatic amines, as well as the application of these processes
for the treatmentofazo-dye-containingwastewaters.
In the year 2007 Babu B Ramesh et al., studied on wastewater which was
provided from dye industry and also discussed the process of de- sizing
mercerizing bleaching dying finishing different step of dying process and
they also discussed the advanced method of treatment of effluent which are electro-
oxidation, biotreatment, photochemical & membrane processes.
After that in the year 2008 Jyoti Sharma et al., studied on “Removalofcongo
red dye fromthe effluents of the textile industry using rice husk carbon activated
by steam” In this study
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
adsorption technique was used for removal of Congo-Red dye. As we all
know Congo-Red dye is a carcinogenic dye which comes in the effluents
of textile industries during dying and rinsing processes. The technique used
was found to be very useful and cost effective for a better removal of dye.Although
commercial activated carbon is a most used absorbent for color removal, in their
study they use rice husk activated carbon for removing of a color of congo-red
dye.in their experimental work, rice husk carbon (RHCAS)is used as in the
form of powder for removing dyes Congo Red. In experiment adsorbent
used was prepared from rice husk which was obtained from Kerala and was
found under variable system parameters such as agitation time and a dose of
adsorbent. It was observed that an amount of 0.08 g/l of RHCAS could
remove 10 to 99 % of the dye from an aqueous solution of 25 PPM with
the agitation time increasing from20 min to 200 min.
It was found a conclusion that The rice husk which is easily available
agro waste in our country can be easily used as a good
adsorbent.The experimental data reveals results that a small amount (0.08 g/l) of
the SARHC adsorbent could decolorize as much as 99% of the dye from
an aqueous solution (25 ppm) if agitated for 200 min unwavering
sufficient potential of RHCAS as an adsorbent for the removal of the dye
Congo red, from wastewater sample. The adsorption of the dye was maximal
around the natural ph of the aqueous solution of Congo Red. This shows that
adsorption of the dye could be carried out on RHCAS without adjusting
the ph of the medium. On applying both pseudo first- order and second
order kineticstothe adsorptionofthe dye on RHCAS, itwasobserved thatthe
interplaycould be better explainedonthebasisoffirstorderkinetics.
R.Mohanpriya.et.al.2009, studied of possible utilization of textile water
in concrete by analyzing their durability properties.An attempt was made to
use the waste water from textile dyeing industry for construction purpose,
The basic properties of different stages of effluent such as raw effluent,
anaerobic process outlet, and tertiary treated outlet, reverse osmosis feed effluent
from the textile industry were tested and the results were found to be tolerable
such that itcan be used for construction purposes. By using the four stages of
treated effluent, concrete specimens were cast and tested for its mechanical
properties and the results were found to be optimum for anaerobic and tertiary
treated outlet. The compressible strength of concrete cubes made with
AOW and TCW was good and equivalent to potable water. The
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behavior of acid attack on concrete cubes made with TCW was less compared
to the potable water. A fly ash concrete cube shows better results than the normal
cubes in suppressible strengthafteracidcuring.
In year 2010 Abhiti Puri et al.,studied on “Acid Blue 92 (Leather Dye)
Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption using Biomass Ash and
Activated Carbon” In this study it was observed that the use of adsorption
for Acid Blue 92 dye onto three economical and eco- friendly bio-sorbents,
cow dung ash, mango stone ash and parthenium leaves ash and
mercantile activated carbon have discussed in this work. The ash of all the
mentioned bio- wastes was prepared in the muffle furnace at
500oc and all the adsorbents were stored in an air thermostat. Experiments at
total dye concentrations of 10~100 mg/L were carried out with a synthetic
effluent prepared in the laboratory. The parameters like ph and dye
concentration were varied The results indicate that cow dung ash, mango
stone ash, and parthenium leaves ash could be employed as low-cost
alternatives to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal
of dye. The results obtained from the study revealed that the ability of various
biomass ashes in treating dye effluents released from the tanneries for color removal.
Adsorption of dye studied on various biomass ashes and activated carbon
shows that with the increase in the concentration of dye there is the decrease
in percentage removal of the dye per gram. Adsorption is highly
dependent on ph and dye concentration. The adsorption isotherm of Acid Blue
92 dye onto the cow dung ash, mango stone ash, parthenium leaves ash and
activated carbon is described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm
models. Judging by the value of R Langmuir isotherm gave a better fit for
cow dung and mango. These agriculture waste residues could be substituted
in place of activated carbon as adsorbent because of its availability, high
adsorption capacity, and low cost.
In the year 2011 Velmurugan .P, et al., studied “Dye removal from
aqueous solution using low- cost adsorbent” In thisstudy the potential use of orange
peel, pretreated with nominal treatment method, for removal of methylene blue
from dying wastewater was observed. Treated orange peel used to adsorb
methylene blue at varying dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, ph and contact
time. In this study, some different economical adsorbent such as banana
peel, neem leaves, and mercantileavailable powdered activated charcoal was used
in the experiment. The adsorption capacity of orange peels
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
decreased in the order of methyl orange (MO) > methylene blue (MB) >
Rhodamine B (RB) > Congo red (CR) > methyl violet (MV) > amido
black 10B (AB). It was found that the expulsion capacity of all the adsorbents
was ascendance, but they found orange peel to be very effective compared to other
low-cost Adsorbent within theshortperiod. Theadsorptionstudiesrevealed that the
optimum time adsorption of Orange. Peel, Neem Leaves, and Banana peel
was found to be 60 minutes and adsorbent dosage was 1 g for all the three
adsorbents
In the year 2012 Archana et al., studied on“Biological methods of
dye removal from textile effluents” in this paper conventional
biological processes which were laccase processes which can replace the old
energy consumer and water consuming chemical
treatment operation which was used for
dying/textile industry. Textile dyes are molecules designed to impart permanent
colors to textile fabrics. It posed an environmental problem due to their toxicity
and decrease the aesthetic value of water bodies into which they are discharged.
Current physic-chemical technologies for dye removal cannot remove all classes of
dyes, and various technologies are usually combined to achieve satisfactory
decolourisation efficiencies. In this experiment, Direct biological treatment
using fungi or bacteria can also be employed, but nutritional and physiological
requirements of microorganismsputconstraintsonthecapability ofbioremediation
processes.
The search for efficient and green oxidation technologies hasincreasedthe interest
in the use of enzymes to replace the conventional unknown biological
methods. Among the different existing oxidant enzymes, laccase has been
the subject of intensive research in the past few decades due to its low substrate
specificity. It was found that the enzymatic treatment using laccase can be simpler
and much more efficient than the traditional physical or chemical treatments.
In the year 2013 Davinder Singh, et al., studied on Textile effluent in and
around Ludhiana districtinPunjab,India
The textile industryis one ofthe mostimportant and rapidly developing industrial
sectors in Ludhiana city of Punjab, India. It has a great disadvantage in
terms of its environmental impact because it consumes a considerably high
amount of processed water and produces highly polluted discharge water. To
control the polluted discharge the Textile mills in India have started to install
treatment plants in the nameofenvironmentalprotection.Wasvisiteda
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drain system which was The wastewater from 7 textile mills in the woven fabric
and knit fabric finishing industry and a highly polluted drain, known as
Buddha Nala, which receives the discharge from many such industrial units,
these all were collected for the study by them. Parameters evaluated by site
inspections and analyzed the influent and effluent samples which were collected
for treatment. For the treatment of wastewater from textile industry, was used the
biological treatment, chemical treatment and combinations of these processes.
Plants utilized biological treatment nay than chemical processes due to their
preference is lower excess sludge production, lowest operational costs and good
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal in biological treatment. It was
also observed that the Wastewater parameters in the effluent of biological treatment
plants were not in compliance with the wastewater and sewerage discharge
standards. This study was also investigated that the textile effluents are highly
poisonous not only for human beings living near affected areas but also a serious
threat to ground and surface waterrecourses.
In the year 2014 after 2013 U. V. Ladhe, et al., studied on “Removal
of Yellow 2G dye from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared
from mousambi and cotton an agriculturalwaste”
Inthisstudy absorption process wasused for the removal of yellow 2G from aqueous
solution on the surface of Activated carbon of mousambi
peel (ACMP) and stem of cotton (ACCS) was
versed under the ameliorate conditions of ph, adsorbent dose, an initial
concentration of dye and contact time. In this study, Spectrometric technique
was used for the experiment to measurements of the concentration of dye before
and after adsorption. By the experiment, it was observed that the Colour was
effectively been removed at all selected ph, and the increase in activated
carbon dose showed an increase in the removal’s percentage. In the conclusion
and in result they observed that the removal efficiency increases with adsorbents
do raise and at neutral ph. The value of separation factor RL for ACMP and
ACCS was found to be 0.135 and 0.080 respectively suggesting that the
isotherm be favorable at the concentration studied. The results of findings are
discussed to reflect the removal efficiency of adsorbent. It was observed by a
study that the activated carbon prepared from natural waste like peels of mousambi
andstemofcotton could beusedasa good adsorbent for the removal of Yellow 2G
dye.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
In the year 2015 N. Murlimohan et al., studied on “Treatment of Textile
Effluent by Natural Coagulants in Erode District” In this study, a
preliminary investigation was carried out for the feasible use of natural coagulants for
the treatment of textile waste water in Erode district of Tamil Nadu (India). At the
ranges of 10, 20,
40, 60 and 80 ml dosages was used to spot the appropriate one as primary
coagulant composition in coagulation process was studied in the laboratory scale to
determine the optimal dosage of natural coagulants like Moringa Olivera,
Tamarina indicia, Strychonomous potato rum. From the observed results
the natural coagulant gives good expulsion efficiencies concern and appears
suitable for textileeffluenttreatment.
In the year 2016 Ashok Kumar Popuri, et al., studied on “Color
Removal from Dye WastewaterUsingAdsorption”
Use of various dyes in order to color the products is a common practice
in the textile
industry. The existence of these dyes in water at
low concentration is highly visible and undesirable. In this paper, there
was an experiment conducted in which The adsorption process is being
extensively used for the removal of dyes from dye house effluents by various
researchers. The most extensively used adsorbent is mercantile available
activated carbon. In spite of the frequent use of adsorption in wastewater treatment
systems, mercantile available activated carbon remains an expensive material.
This study was carried out for the Utilization of orange peel as an adsorbent
for the removal of dyes from wastewater and to establish it as a standard
wastewater treatment process for textile dyeing industry. In to this experimental
study, The materialswereobtained and treated for the removal of dyes at different
doses. These materials also evaluated for different RPM, contact time and
ph. Into experimentbatchadsorptionprocess wascarried out to evaluate the effects
of absorbent dosage RPM, ph and retention time on the removal of dyesfrom
thewastewater.
This experimental study showed that the removal percentage is88.04 at the
ph of 10, dosage of 2.5g/L, retention time of 120 minutes andRPMof90.
In the year 2017 V. D. Talnikar studied on Natural Coagulants for dye
Wastewater treatment.This study showed experiment work to the treatment of
wastewater from textile industries.The natural coagulantscantreat water from high to
low turbid water and be having
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remarkable removal efficiency that can be used for drinking purposes. Natural vegetable oil, Bentonite etc. Are the promising natural coagulants for the treatment
coagulants are usually supposed safe in human health point of view. These natural of wastewater? These treatments are also proved to be economical. A review of
coagulants are usually used as a coagulant in tanning Industry, dairy natural coagulants its effectiveness and its applications were presented.
industry waste water treatment. A number of seed extracts, Maize,
Chitosan, Palm oil and been analyzed and then a comparative study is done between the raw waste
water physical parametersandthecleaner water.

Material and Raw wastewater characteristics: As we said

Method:
We shall collect the dye waste water from Bhairavgarh area of Ujjain (M.P.)
India. We will maintain the temperature of the wastewater
20-23 ‘C so that the composition of chemical should be as it is. After that, we
will check the physical parameters like pH, COD, BOD, DO, TDS,
etc of raw waste water which is been collected. In treatment methods, we will
use alum and activated carbon as a coagulant, as we have mentioned before that we
will use the coagulation process for treatment. In the methodology of
treatment, we add some amount of alum to the sample of waste water and stirrer it than
leave this sample for some hours, after some hours the particle in the water settle
down by the process of precipitation. We take out the clean water from top carefully
to another flask, after that this water is passed through the screen of activated carbon,
by this process of screening the micron size particle can be done on the surface
of activated carbon so the water collected after this filtration will be cleaner. Then
the parameters of this filtered water are
we will collectthe wastewater from bhairavgrah
Ujjain. In the process of dying there is some chemical also being used in
process of dying, here we will discuss how can we prevent the environment
by this toxic effluent. Some characteristics ofrawwastewater like pH, BOD,
COD, TDS which shows how much the wastewater is contaminated
by the toxic chemical Out of various activities in textile industry, chemical
processing contributes about
70% of pollution. It is well known that wet processing mills consume the
large volume of water for various processes such as sizing, resizing, and
scouring, bleaching, mercerization, dyeing, printing, finishing and
ultimately washing. In fact, in a practical estimate, it has been found that 45%
material in preparatory processing, 33% in dyeing and 22% are
reprocessed in finishing. The following table shows the study data of standard
of pure water range and the wastewater effluent tested characteristics:

Property of water Standard range Measure parameter Range of

dyeing wastewater
Cotto Synthetic
pH 5.5– 9.0 n
9-12 7-9
BOD,mg/l, 30-350 155-750 150-200
COD, mg/l, 250 200-2400 400-650
TDS,mg/l 2100 2100-7700 1060-1080

As we can see in the above table there are some data which shows the big difference A12(SO4)3 + 3 Ca(HCO3)2 ------------> 2
as compare tothedataofpurewater. Al(OH)3+3CaSO4+6CO2
Aluminum + Calcium gives Aluminum
In our experiment we will use two coagulants Alum and Activated carbon +Calcium+Carbon
for the process in our Sulfate Bicarbonate Hydroxide Sulfate Dioxide
Experiment (presentinthe watertotreat)
1. Alum: alum use as a flocculant in process of industrial and domestic
wastewater treatment 2. Activated carbon: Activated carbon, also called
activated charcoal, is a form of carbon
processed to have small, low-volume pores that

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-8, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. We will 3. P.Nigam ,et al., (2002) “Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye
use both of them as a coagulant for the dyeing wastewater treatment in our effluent by two agricultural waste residues, corncob and barley Husk”. Direct
experiment procedure. science.com, Bioresource Technology, Volume 28, Issue 1-
2,https://doi.org/10.1016/S01604120(01)00131-
Conclusio 3Getrightsand content.
n:
Water is one of the most important sources on earth for the survival of humans 4. J.K.Basu et al, (2003) “Nano filtration of textile plant effluent for color removal
and reduction in COD”. Volume 89, Issue 2, Pages
and all living things. We all know if there was no water there would be no life
121-124
on the earth. As an ancient Greek philosopher, Empedocles held that water is
one of the four classical elements along with fire, earth, and air, and was regarded
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(02)00177-
as the ylem, or basic substance ofthe universe. Thales, who was portrayed by
6Getrightsand content.
Aristotle as an astronomer and an engineer, theorized that the earth is denser
than water and is been emerged from the water itself. This shows the
5. Renuka Gupta et al., (2004) “Basic dye (methylene blue) removal
concernment of water today due to industrialization millions of liters of water are
from simulated wastewater by adsorption using Indian Rosewood
used in several industries as dyes, pharmaceutical, textile chemicals etc.
sawdust”. www.sciencedirect.com,do:10.1016/j.dyepig200
The polluted water without proper treatment is drift ageinto waterstreams whichlead
4.03.005
todesecration of potable water used for the primary purpose which results in the
scarcity of potable drinking water. The above following review of dyes, textile
6. Aniruddha B.Pandit et al., (2005) Imperative technologies for wastewater
waste water is to depict that whether this type of industrial waste influent can be
treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions”.
reused by coagulation process for treatment of dye industry waste water. The
Advances in Environmental Research 8,5
above review reveals that the waste water is treated by various methodssuchas
01–551,
dyingindustryusingadsorbent, biodegradation and physic-chemical changes for
the treatment of textile effluent by many biologicalandchemicalcoagulants. 7. Anjali Pandey et al.(2006)“Bacterial De- colorization and degradation
of Azo dyes”. International Bio -deterioration &
Referenc
Biodegradation 59, 73–84
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852499001236. 9. Jyoti Sharma et al., (2008) “Removal of congo red dye from the
effluents of textile industry using rice husk carbon activated by steam. RJC
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