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1. Introduction
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History
Nikolay Benardos
In 1881–1882, a Russian
inventor Nikolai Bernardos
created the electric arc welding
method for steel known as
carbon arc welding, using
carbon electrodes.
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History (contd.)
Butt welds and sleeve welds were used in the
fabrication of Philadelphia Electric Co.'s 2200-
ft-long steam line in 1922. Electric welding
(shown left) was used on a 33 sleeve welds for
the flange joints, while the 92 butt joints were
made using oxy-acetylene welding. The entire
line consisted of 12-in.-diameter steam line
and a 3-in.-diameter water return line. The
chemistry of the pipe included 0.0 percent 7
carbon, 0.30 percent manganese, 0.045
percent sulfur, and 0.100 percent phosphorus.
The electrodes contained 0.011 percent
carbon, 0.032 percent sulfur, and 0.025
percent oxygen.
The sign speaks for itself in this gathering of
welding people in 1924. This assemblage
was about to board two buses for tours of
three facilities in Cleveland. The first was the
local utility where they witnessed the
oxyacetylene welding of a 16-in.-diameter
high-pressure steam line. The next stop was
a tour of the Collingswood Shops of the New
York Central Railroad. Third on the list was a
visit to The Lincoln Electric Co. The editor of
the November 1924 journal noted: "This
plant is taking its own 'medicine' in that it is
using welding wherever possible in the
construction of its motors and generators."
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History (contd.)
At the annual convention of the American
Institute of Steel Construction in 1930, an
automatic welding machine was
demonstrated which had been designed
originally for "battledeck" steel construction.
At the time, it was inferred that such
equipment could also be used effectively in
the fabrication of floors in building
construction.
Gambar :
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Alasan menggunakan Proses Penyambungan
1. Produk tidak mungkin di manufaktur dalam satu benda.
2. Produk lebih mudah dan ekonomis di manufaktur dan di kirim
(transport) sebagian komponen-komponen yg kemudian di rakit
(assembly).
3. Memungkinkan untuk mengambil komponen untuk perbaikan
atau pemeliharaan thd bagian yg rusak.
4. Sifat material yg berbeda mungkin lebih diinginkan untuk tujuan
fungsional dari produk.
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Joining Process & Equipment
Adhesive Mechanical
Welding
Bonding Fastening
Brazing &
Fusion Solid State Fastening
Soldering
Electron beam
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Mesin Las
Mesin las listrik yang biasa kita temui di dalam dunia
industri di antaranya
• Carbon – Gas Arc Welding (GAW)
• Shielded Metal - Arc Welding (SMAW)
• Flux Core – Arc Welding ( FCAW)
• Gas Metal – Arc Welding (GMAW)
• Gas Tungsten – Arc welding (GTAW)
• Submerged – Arc Welding (SAW)
• Plasma – Arc Welding (PAW)
• Stud Welding (SW) – Friction Welding
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Cara Pemotongan
Gambar :
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Tiga Proses Penyambungan : Shielded Metal,
Gas Metal, dan Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Kesamaan dari tiga proses :
1. Setiap proses menggunakan arus DC untuk
menghasilkan arc antara electroda dan benda kerja.
2. Setiap proses menggunakan shielding untuk
melindungi weld dari kontaminasi.
3. Setiap proses menggunakan material pengisi (filler),
yang memiliki komposisi kimia yg sama dengan
benda kerja.
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding
• Dikembangkan pada awal abad ke 20. Penggunaan
utamanya di dalam pengelasan baja (steel welding).
• Shielded metal arc welding dilaksanakan dengan membuat
arc antara elektroda metal berlapis dan benda kerja. Sesaat
arc terbentuk benda kerja menjadi cair pada titik lokasi arc.
• Batang elektroda memiliki dua fungsi
• Pertama : sebagai media utk arus listrik.
• Kedua : material pengisi digunakan untuk menghasilkan
sambungan.
• Lapisan yg mengelilingi elektroda membentuk gas yg
membantu melindungi lasan.
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding (cont’d)
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Gas Metal Arc Welding
• Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), juga dinamakan Metal Inert Gas
(MIG) atau Metal Active Gas (MAG) welding, melindungi las-an
dengan gas eksternal spt : argon, helium, carbon dioxide, atau
campuran gas lain.
• GMAW digunakan untuk mengelas semua metal-metal komersial
penting a.l. baja (steel), aluminum, tembaga (cooper), dan stainless
steel.
• Pemilihan metal pengisi (filler metal) memiliki komposisi kimia yang
sama dengan material yg di las.
• Proses dapat dilakukan dalam berbagai posisi : datar, horizontal,
vertical, dan overhead.
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Gas Metal Arc Welding (cont’d)
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Proses GMAW
Panas dihasilkan oleh busur listrik (electric arc) antara elektroda
dan benda kerja. Kedua metal, benda kerja dan pengisi, melebur.
Area las-an dilindungi oleh gas inert (inert shiled gases).
Toxic gases:
- carbon monoxide (CO)
- ozone (O2)
Well ventilated area
- phosgene gases produced
with some metals when
welded
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