Running head: IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 1

Improvised and Eco-friendly Bladeless Fan with Scented Air Purifier for Comfortable Cooling

Maria Allyssa D. Caraan

Andrei Limuel D. Gelvoleo

Jasmin Kaye L. Santos

Angelo R. Tolentino

Holy Rosary Parochial Institute

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 2

Abstract

Fans has been one of the important inventions of all time. It can be found in house,

school, or offices. Fans provide cooling effect to lessen the heat. The researchers come up with

the idea of doing an improvised bladeless fan that may help people to lessen the heat they feel.

This study is a quantitative type of research that uses experimental research design. The study

aims to know how do improvised materials affect the quality, efficiency, and feasibility of the

bladeless fan with scented air purifier and if the number of fans would increase the wind rate.

Environment, public schools, students, houses and future researchers are the significance of the

study. The primary goal of this study is to give other people the comfort they need. Then, to

collect the data the proponents will conduct a survey to 40% of Senior high school in Holy

Rosary Parochial Institute. After collecting the data, the results were gathered and analyzed.

Trials were done three times, after doing an experiment, it was found out that the number of

internal fans is one of the factor for the strength of airflow. The bigger the fans the stronger the

air will flow, and there is no notable change when the air purifier were added to the improvised

bladeless fan. The results of this research showed that bladeless fan is feasible and capable of

entering the industry with enough knowledge.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 3

Introduction

Background of the Study

Cambridge Dictionary (2018) defines fan as a device to provide a flow of air, either an

object that waves in front of people or a device that may be an appliance with blades that are

turned by a motor. It is an apparatus with rotating blades that creates a currents of air. Fans can

be used in various applications either cooling or ventilation. Most fans uses electric motors to

operate.

According to Carmack (2008) “people have been fanning themselves by hand for

millennia, or course-or, like the ancient Egyptians, making slaves fan them with huge lotus

leaves”. And this is how using fan started, Greeks and Romans used peacock feathers as their

fan. Carmack also stated that Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler figured out how to apply the fledging

science of electricity to make a fan turn, Dr. Skaats also invented a desktop fan consisting of two

blades and powered by an electric motor. Mirage (2018) indicated, “the physical construction of

fans varies, and each type is intended for different applications”. The most common fan used is

Axial fan, forward-curved centrifugal fan, and backward-inclined fan. The article discusses the

advantage and disadvantage of using fans, and it also includes the difference of each other.

Fan are important inventions of all time. They can be found in houses, schools, and

offices. They provide cooling effect to lessen the heat. They also help people to feel relaxed and

comfortable that enables to work appropriately.

Encyclopedia (1996) defines air freshener as a product designed to mask or remove

unpleasant room odors. It typically deliver fragrance and other odor counteractants into air. It do

so to variety of formats including aerosol, candles, potpourri and gels. Encyclopedia (1996)
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 4

stated that from simple spices and floral extracts, the Egyptian used to remove the unpleasant

odor, it evolves into a modern air freshener last 1948. It now has the ability to deliver fine mist

of fragrance that will remain in the air for a long period of time.

The bladeless fan can be investigated through experimental study. With this, the

proponents are about to know whether improvised materials would affect the quality of the

bladeless fan as well as the air purifier. Some problems about normal fans are that it is too costly

for other consumers and has a hazard for its blades.

This study was made in order to give people ideas about recycling and making products

out of improvised materials. The researchers aims to know whether used materials would be a

factor for the quality of a certain object.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to prove, show, and determine the advantages and disadvantages of

having an improvised, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly bladeless fan. Therefore, this paper will

prove that the product could be feasible and help people feel more relaxed and comfortable.

This study aims to answer the main problem: How do improvised materials affect the

quality, efficiency, and feasibility of the bladeless fan with scented air purifier?

The main problems comes with some sub-problems:

1. What are the differences between the improvised, cost-efficient normal fans and

normal ones?

2. How will the size of the internal fan be a factor to the performance of the improvised

bladeless fan?
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 5

3. What are the pros and cons of having the improvised bladeless fan?

Objectives of the study

1. To know the difference, advantage and disadvantage of improvised fans from cost-

efficient normal fans.

2. To examine how the size of internal fan will be a factor to the performance of bladeless

fan.

3. To classify the pros and cons of improvised bladeless fan.

Significance of the study

The findings of the study were significance to the environment, society, and either to the future

researchers with a related topic.

Environment. The study was very useful because it helps the environment in such ways. The

airflow of the bladeless fan is more stable and gives purified air that effectively remove other

pollutants found around the air. Also, these eco-friendly bladeless fan with air purifier are safe to

use, easier to clean, and have an appeal looking the way it is.

Public Schools. The study hopes to benefit the people in public schools especially students and

educators because having a purified air coming out from a bladeless fan could help to make feel

relaxed that enables to do things comfortably. It is safer than normal fans since it is far from any

danger as its blades could be found externally.

Students. The outcome of the study would be a big help since having a less cost and improvised

bladeless fan could help the students be more relaxed and comfortable in the surroundings. The

product could be made by an individual since the materials to be used are improvised.
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 6

Houses. Electric fans and air conditions are appliances that are commonly found at homes. This

study would benefit houses for bladeless fans are cost-efficient and can be made at home. The

airflow coming out is as strong as the normal ones but its advantages is that it cleans the air and

makes the air fragrant.

Future Researchers. The end result of this study hopes to offer assistance and insights to future

researchers as basis for own studies which may be, at some point, related to the topic of this

research. It will provide extensive knowledge that may be used as future references.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of the study focuses on how the improvised materials in the product will affect

its own credibility, quality, efficiency and feasibility. It is also conducted to determine the

physical appearance that can greatly enhance the performance of the improvised product.

Additionally, the study will correspondingly be investigated via experimental and quantitative

approaches for the data collection and analysis. The participants are only 124 Senior High

School students from Holy Rosary Parochial Institute.

Moreover, the proponents were given 3 months to gather, analyze, experiment and

process the data for the quantitative analysis. With these allotted time, the proponents will

investigate and will use related studies, articles, online books and other resources to further

support the study.

The study is also consist of limitations that can give holes to the study. It will not tackle

how it will lessens the noise produced by the product same with the axial and centrifugal fans

that can be seen in the market. Another limitation is the use of improvised and recycled materials

in the product. Thus, making its quality questionable.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 7

Furthermore, the excess work load of the researchers can also make a huge difference in

the results of the study. The proponents may skip or miss some more accurate and reliable data

due to the other studies that consume the researchers’ time.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 8

Definition of terms

Axial fan. An axial fan is a type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in an

axial direction, parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate. The flow is axial at

entry and exit. The fan is designed to produce a pressure difference, and hence force, to

cause a flow through the fan.

Centrifugal fan. A centrifugal fan is a mechanical device for moving air or other

gases. These fans increase the speed and volume of an air stream with the rotating

impellers.
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 9

Review of Related Literature

In this paper, the researchers’ goal is to know how the improvised materials will affect

the quality of a certain product. Recently, weather and temperature changes from time to time.

There is a growing implications for the environment and the increase threat of global warning.

“The increasing threat of global warming and climate change has raised the awareness of the

relationship between economic growth, energy use and the corresponding environmental

pollutants” (Cui, Islam, & Chua, 2019). Therefore, thermal comfort makes a huge effect in

everyone’s daily life. People’s will and mood are greatly affected by heat or hot temperature. It is

stated by Djongyang, Rene´, and Njomo (2010) that thermal comfort is not a state condition but

rather a state of mind. “The definition of thermal comfort leaves open as to what is meant by

condition of mind or satisfaction, but it correctly emphasizes that the judgment of comfort is a

cognitive process involving many inputs influenced by physical, physiological, psychological,

and other factors” (Yang, Yan, & Lam, 2014). “Thermal comfort is affected by many factors,

which mainly include air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, mean radiant temperature,

human clothing, and activity levels” (Yu, Hu, Liu, Yang, Kong, & Liu, 2010). It is also proposed

by Liu, Xiao, Zhang, Gal, Chen, Liu, Pan, Wu, Tang, and ClementsCroome (2017) that

occupant’s comfort and health can be affected by heat and poor quality of air because of air

pollution.

Hence, people are finding ways to deal with heat, especially when summer season starts,

and air pollutants to feel comfortable. Furthermore, “Comfort also depends on behavioral actions

such as altering clothing, altering activity, changing posture or location, changing the thermostat

setting, opening a window, complaining, or leaving a space” (Martinez, Ayucar, & Goikolea,

2017). Simply, having such comfort is beneficial to someone. With this researches that produces
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 10

and innovates different kind of cooling system like fans, it may help to lessen the heat that the

person’s body can feel.

Currently, fans are used by many to feel refreshment from the hot temperature being

experienced. Dwivedi and Dandotiya (2013) describes fans as, “a mechanical device that causes

a movement of air, vapour and other gases in a given system”. Also, there are a lot of different

fans that could be found today. “Axial and centrifugal fans have found extensive domestic and

industrial applications. Many researchers and inventors have studied performance of different

fans and tried to reduce their noise, which has been led to design of new fans with fascinating

performances” (Jafari, Farhanieh, Afshin, & Bozorgaseh, 2016). “It is exciting that some

comfortable and healthy air-conditioning systems were proposed in the past few years” (Yu,

et.al., 2010). “A fan is typically a mechanical device that causes a movement of air, vapour and

other gases” (Kelly & Fussell, 2018). Moreover, the value and acceptance of a fan is determined

not only by pressure characteristics, but also by acoustic characteristics, erosion resistance, and,

most important, the efficiency of the machine. The purpose of most systems is to provide thermal

comfort as explained by Chua, Chou, Yang, and Yan (2013).

One of the newest invention of appliance that gives a cool air flow is the bladeless fan.

“Bladeless or Air-Multiplying fan was invented in 2009” (Gammack, 2009). Jafari, Farhanieh,

Afshin, and Bozorgaseh (2016) describes it as an appliance with invisible blades to multiply the

inlet flow. However, Jafari, Farhanieh, Afshin, and Bozorgaseh (2016) also added that this type

of fan is merely used for domestic applications. All fans distributes air that is within the place.

This will be a problem for people having a respiratory problems like asthma. Liu, Xiao, Zhang,

Gal, Chen, Liu, Pan, Wu, Tang, and ClementsCroome (2017) added that it can also lead to odor

annoyance, irritation of the airways and eyes and as well as headaches. Amos (2016) reported,
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 11

“more than 5.5 million people worldwide dies prematurely every year due to outdoor and indoor

air pollution”. Air pollution could be acquire through indoor and outdoor sources. One way to

improve indoor air quality is to use an air filter. Moreover, not all fans has a filter that brings

away the air pollutants and contaminants within the air. Wallace (2010) defines air purifiers as

filters that intercepts particles in the air passing through the filter. Yu, Hu, Liu, Yang, Kong and

Liu (2009) added, “While air filtration technology based building ventilation can remove air

pollutants and increase indoor air quality, filters increase the systems’ energy consumption and

operating cost”.

Fans with air purifier could come up with a lot of advantages. One of these is stated by

Nicol and Humphreys (2010), thermal control standards in fans are required to help and provide

a thermally comfortable climate in the occupants. Furthermore, Yu, et.al. (2010) specified that

bladeless fan has more significant characteristics such as more safety and less depreciation. Also,

“Mechanical ventilation systems that employ fans for air exchange offer an air exchange

measurement advantage over natural ventilation systems since air is under relatively controlled

discharge from the livestock facility” (Wheeler, Gates, Xin, & Zajaczkowski, 2011). “Some

other advantages are low depreciation, hidden blades and more safety, easier to clean, and outlet

airflow without circulation” (Desvard, Hurault, Bin, Zamzam, & Symes, 2012).

Moreover, multiply of intake flow with respect to outlet flow and no danger for kids or

pets are unique features of Bladeless fans. With the addition of air purifier, Wallace (2010)

quantified the efficiency of an air purifier is the fraction that it removes in a single pass through

the system and it was easily measured by the concentration of particles through upstream and

downstream from the filter. A typical furnace filter has an efficiency well below 10%, whereas

an ESP (when clean) will typically have an efficiency better than 90% for all particle sizes. Thus,
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 12

air filtration technique can remove air pollutants and effectively alleviate the deterioration of air

quality.

However, there are certain disadvantages that could also be achieved. Wallace (2010)

stated that efficiency alone is not enough, nevertheless, to characterize an air cleaner. It could

have very high efficiency, but a very low air flow. In that case, it would not be delivering very

much clean air. One must multiply the efficiency by the air flow through the filter to determine

how much clean air it can deliver. Therefore, the usefulness of a purifier is always less than its

competence. While in the fan, Liu, et.al. (2017) indicated that ventilation plays a crucial role in

maintaining a clean indoor environment. But it can also be major sources of airborne pollutants

as a result of inadequate system design, distribution, cross contamination.

To sum it up, people tends to stay in a particular place depends in their choice and

because of thermal condition. Air quality is just as important as temperature. The physical

environment affects people’s well-being in terms of mind and body.

Having an appliance like fans will be a great help for people who aren’t comfortable with

warm weather, that’s why the researchers came up with innovating bladeless fan together with

air purifier. The statements that mentioned provide facts that fans is really do needed in industry.

According to Yu, et.al. (2010), bladeless fan is capable to be designed in large dimensions and be

utilized in various industries such as underground tunnels or for removing smoke and dust from

industrial environments. Thus, stated by Bakó-Biró, Clements-Croome, Kochhar, Awbi, and

Williams (2011) that using odorless cleaning agents and remembering that dirty carpets can

pollute the indoor environment.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 13

Wallace (2010) recommended to use or insert counteractants on air purifiers in order to

achieve safe and clean air. Desvard, Hurault, Bin, Zamzam, and Symes (2012) also suggested,

“A larger fan comes up with a larger force of air resulting for the wind rate to increase”.

Furthermore, the researchers will use what Happle, Wilhelm, Fonseca, and Schlueter

(2017) concluded, “An improvised object has the chance of not reaching the expectation upon

the original ones”. Hence, the researchers focus in this study is to know how the improvised

materials would affect the air quality, durability, and efficiency of the bladeless fan with scented

air purifier.
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 14

Methodology

This study is a quantitative type of research that uses experimental research design. The

proponents aim to know how improvised materials would affect the quality, efficiency, and

feasibility of the bladeless fan with scented air purifier and if the number of fans would increase

the wind rate. The informations that will be gathered would be a big help to the researchers

analysis of the topic.

The researchers decided to conduct a survey to the 40% of the total population of the

Senior High School students of Holy Rosary Parochial Institute. Participants can be both male

and female of any age. No particular requirements are needed for the participants to answer the

survey. The locale of the study is in Holy Rosary Parochial Institute. Random sampling will be

used in the selection of participants to avoid bias. Names of the surveyees will be collected and

put into a bowl for the researchers will use a fish bowl technique. The researcher will also use

comparison and contrast of some specifications.

The agenda of the conductors was to record and analyze the opinions of the participants

about bladeless fan made up of improvised materials that can feel comfort and make people

lessen having a stress. The proponents will use an affective research instrument in conducting the

study. For the given questions, participants were allowed to respond with yes or no questions

with ideas that support the answer, and open-ended questions.

The researchers chose the survey method in conducting the study. Questionnaires were

to be distributed to the participants. This would enable the examiners to see the relationship

among the data gathered and provide a conclusion for the question of the research study.

Questions to be asked were further approved before being distributed. Informations about the
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 15

respondents would be kept at all cost for ethical consideration. The answers of the respondents

would be jotted down by an assigned secretary. All these answers would be compiled and briefly

assessed. The information gathered are to be used as additional references to support the topic’s

objective.

Table 3.1 Time Table

No. of Days Activities

Two (2) day Preparations for the survey

Two (2) days Conducting of survey

Two (2) days Retrieving of survey questionnaires

Two (2) days Analyzing the answers from the conducted

survey

Three (3) days Completion of required materials

Twelve (12) days Making of the product

Three (3) days Testing of the product and experimentation

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 16

Two (2) days Making conclusion

The table shows the number of days that will be spent by the researchers on the given

activity. From the preparation of the survey, gathering and analyzing of the answers up to the

making conclusion.

The table will be the guide for the researchers to further understand and organize the

informations and data that was collected. This also reflects the schedules of activities that should

be done on the provided time.

After collecting the data, the researchers will then analyze the informations being

gathered. Computation on electric motors will also be used.

The product must be made up of eminent resources. The researchers will also use

improvised materials with a superb quality which are effective and can give the best result. In

making the product, they used the following materials:

 Used Plastic Bucket

 220 V DC Fan

 (2) Used Basin

 Aircon Filter

 Air Freshener

 Used Jar
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 17

 Spray paint

 Cake board

 Ice Cubes

In order to make the product, there are several steps to be followed.

1. First, cut the plastic bucket into three parts.

2. Afterwards, stick the middle part into the upper part using a rugby.

3. Next, cut away four centimeters from the bottom part of the bucket. Cut this piece to

make an even smaller circle.

4. Put this piece inside the previous buckets with an allowance of about 4cm.

5. After finishing the steps, next stage is comprising on how to insert the fan into place. In

order for the air to blow, basin is required.

6. Subsequently, prepare the jar that will be attached in the fan later on. The jar is composed

of holes. Cut a hole at the bottom part of the basin that fits the hole of the jar

7. A base which also composed of grill like holes is also needed for the scented purifier.

8. After preparing the tube as well as the filters inside. Arrange the wiring in the fan inside

the jar. Ensure that the wirings are secured and not exposed. Test the fan if it’s working

with the scented oil and filters before attaching the fans.

In order to answer the research problems, the researchers will conduct a survey consisting

of questions related to the following sub-problems

1. What are the differences between the improvised, cost-efficient normal fans and

normal ones?
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 18

2. How will the size of the internal fan be a factor to the performance of the

improvised bladeless fan?

A computation of the power output of the fans will be tested and the comparison of specs

will also be examined.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 19

Results and Discussion

This part is comprising of the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data collected

by the researchers. The goal of this study is to know how the improvised materials would affect

the quality of the bladeless fan with scented air purifier. The researchers used a survey and some

computations in order to get a reliable results. Present data were studied and examined to answer

the questions listed in the statement of the problem. The analytical procedure were arranged

according to the sequence of specific questions. The respondents where comprised of senior high

school students of Holy Rosary Parochial Institute which are randomly selected.

Table 4.1

Choices Result Percentage

Yes 50 % 100 %

No 0% 0%

Total 50 % 100 %

In Table 4.1, the researchers surveyed the samples who usually uses fans. Accordingly,

all 50 respondents answered yes which is equal to 100%.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 20

Table 4.2

Choices Result Percentage

Yes 36 72%

No 14 28 %

Total 50 100 %

Table 4.2 shows the result of whoever thought of using improvised fans. 36 of the total

population answered no which is 72% while 14 answered no that is equivalent to 28%

Table 4.3

Choices Result Percentages

Cooling 32 64 %

Branded 9 18 %

Durability 15 30 %

Tested 13 26%

Table 4.3 shows the advantage of normal fans. According to the 64% or 32 of the total

population, it is better for comfortable cooling. While 18% or 9 chose fans because of its brand.

On the other hand, 30% or 15 and 26% or 13 respondents uses fans because of its durability and

was tested.
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 21

Table 4.4

Choices Result Percentages

Noisy 37 74 %

Costly 10 20 %

Hazardous 15 30%

Table 4.4 shows the other part which is composed of the disadvantages. Respondents

who does not like fans because of the noise are 37 or 74% of the total population. Fans are too

costly for the 20% or 10 of the students. The other 15 or 30% says that fans are hazardous due to

its blades.

Table 4.5

Choices Result Percentage

Yes 46 92 %

No 4 8%

Total 50 100 %

In table 4.5, 92% or 42 senior high students are willing to try to use improvised fans.

While 8% or 4 respondents does not like trying so.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 22

Table 4.6

Choices Result Percentage

Yes 22 44 %

No 28 56 %

Total 50 100 %

In table 4.6, shows that 44% of the total population has already heard of the bladeless fan

while 56% has not yet heard anything about the fan without blades.

Table 4.7

Choices Result Percentage

Yes 20 40 %

No 30 60%

Total 50 100 %

According to the table 4.7, 20 or 40% of the total population has already experienced a

fan with an air purifier. Yet, 30 or 60% respondents says otherwise.

IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 23

Table 4.8

Choices Result Percentage

Normal 12 24 %

Bladeless 38 76 %

Total 50 100 %

Lastly, table 4.8 shows the number of respondents who chose either normal or bladeless

fans. It is shown that 24% picked normal fans. While 38 or 76% wanted to try bladeless fan over

normal ones.

Table 4.9

NORMAL FAN BLADELESS FAN BLADELESS FAN (12

V)
Product weight, kg: 7.0 Product weight, kg: 3 Product weight, kg: 3.0

Motor warranty: 3 years Motor Warranty: 4 years Motor warranty: 2 yearS

Wattage (W, Max): 62 Wattage ( W, Max): 30 Wattage (W, Max): 26

RPM (Max): 1270 RPM (Max): 2450 RPM (Max): 100-560

Conclusion
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 24

In this study, the proponents used an observational approaches to know the performance

of the improvised and eco-friendly bladeless fan with scented air purifier. Several questions and

computations were made to determine how the improvised materials affect the quality of air flow

within the fan. There are some variables used for the experiment such as the air purifier, number

and size of fans, and as well as the quality of the materials used.

Moreover, the study was vastly improved by the results of the observation. Outcomes

showed that the performance of the fan, like the airflow, was greatly pretentious by the internal

fan. More fans and the bigger in size will make the airflow stronger. Furthermore, the addition of

the fan did not caused any changes in the airflow of the product. The results also presented the

pros and cons of the product along with the differences from the normal fans. Safety is one of the

results, same with the cooling effect it is producing. Durability is still in the process of improving

not like the tested normal fans.

Finally, results of this research showed that the improvised materials can affect the wind

rate of the bladeless fan yet it is feasible and capable of entering the industry and with such

knowledge it can be produced and used by everyone.

Recommendation
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 25

In this kind of product, improvised and eco-friendly bladeless fan with scented air

purifier, the quality of materials is very important in making a bladeless fans. Materials have a

big role in this product because it affects the performance of the fan. The materials itself will tell

how good the product will be. Big fans are also advisable for the future researchers so that the

airflow performance will be stronger. The researchers also recommended to use a larger base and

increase amount of ice to produce a cooler and stronger air.

Furthermore, the air purifier is one of the variables used in this product and it never

affects the wind rate performance of the fan but the filter made the air much cleaner along with

the scented purifier. Since the industry of fan is improving and changing as time goes by, the

researchers suggested that using some variables in a bladeless fan is good and appealing to look

at for its physical appearance.

Acknowledgement
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 26

The researchers would like to express deep and sincere gratitude to Ms. Hedenida Cruz,

research teacher, for giving the researchers opportunity to do this research. It would not be

impossible for the proponents to complete this research without her supervision, help, and valuable

suggestion. The investigators would also like to express deepest gratitude to Mr. Ariel V.

Macalinao who has given the researchers all the necessary information and suggestion in doing

this research and act as the research adviser.

The proponents are very grateful to Mr. Rejun O. Buensuceso and Mrs. Karen C. Padaoan

for always being a supportive adviser and giving motivation to do well in this research. The

investigators would also like to thank the parents for the never-ending support, love, and guidance

for all the time in doing this research. Nevertheless, the researchers would like to express some

gratitude to Grade 12 family, especially St. Apollonius the Apologist, who helped by providing

valuable assistance and time in this research.

Lastly, the researchers would like to take this opportunity to thank God for being a strength

and guide in doing this research, without Him, the investigators would have not had the wisdom

or the physical ability to do so.

References
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 27

Bakó-Biró, Z., Clements-Croome, D., Kochhar, N., Awbi, H., & Williams, M. (2011).

Ventilation rates in schools and pupils’ performance. Building and Environment, 48, 1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.08.018

Chua, K., Chou, S., Yang, W., & Yan, J. (2013). Achieving better energy-efficient air

conditioning- A review of technologies and strategies, Applied Energy, 104, 87-104.

http://doi.org/j.apenergy.2012.10.037

Cui, X., Islam, M., & Chua, K. (2019). Experimental study and energy saving potential analysis

of a hybrid air treatment cooling system in tropical climates, Energy, 172, 1016-1026.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.040

Desvard, L., Hurault, J., Bin, M., Zamzam, M., & Symes, A. (2012). An investigation of the

effect of uneven blade spacing on the tonal noise generated by a mixed flow fan.

International conference of Fan noise, technology and numerical methods, 27, 3.

Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275152278_An_investigation

_of_the_effect_of_uneven_blade_spacing_on_the_tonal_noise_generated_by_a_mixed_f

low_fan

Dwivedil, D., & Dandotiya, D. (2013). CFD Analysis of axial flow fans with skewed blades.

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3. Retrieved

from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CFD-Analysis-of-Axial-Flow-Fans-with-

Skewed-Blades-Dwivedi-Dandotiya/8352efb34d34c20177889f82d1cf78aca9c81f9e

Happle, G., Wilhelm, E., Fonseca, J., & Schlueter, A. (2017). Determining air-conditioning

usage patterns in Singapore from distributed, portable sensore. Energy Procedia, 122,

313-318. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.238
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 28

Jafari, M., Farhanieh, B., Afshin, H., & Bozorgaseh, H. (2016). Experimental and numerical

investigation of a 60cm diameter bladeless fan. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 9,

935-944. http://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jafm.68.225.24081

Kelly, F., & Fussell, J. (2018). Improving indoor air quality, health and performance within

environments where people live, travel, learn and work, Atmospheric Environment, 200,

1-344. http://doi.org/j.atmosenv.2018.11.058

Kizito, K. (2016). Research on improvised experiment materials for science lesson in Rwanda,

Journal of Improvised Experiment, 13. Retrieved from: http://acadameia.edu/35782705/

Research_on_Improvised_Experiment_Materials_for_Science_Lesson_in_Rwanda

Liu, G., Xiao, M., Zhang, X., Gal, C., Chen, X., Liu, L., Pan, S., Wu, J., Tang, L., &

ClementsCroome, D. (2017). A review of air filtration technologies for sustainable and

healthy building ventilation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 32, 375-396.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.04.011

Martinez, R., Ayucar, J., & Goikolea, B. (2017). Full scale experimental performance assessment

of a prefabricated timber panel for the energy retrofitting of multi-rise buildings. Energy

Procedia, 122, 3-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.288

Nicol, J., & Humphreys, M. (2010). Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal

standardsd for buildings. Energy and Building, 34, 563-572.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00006-3

Obanor, A., & Egware, H. (2013). Reflections on the usage of air-conditioning systems in

Nigeria. American Journal of Engineering Research, 2. Retrieved from: http://www.

ajer.org/papers/v2(12)/ZV212414419.pdf
IMPROVISED BLADELESS FAN WITH AIR PURIFIER 29

Sublett, J. (2011). Effectiveness of air filters and air cleaners in allergic respiratory diseases,

Lung India, 5. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165134

Vijayan, V., Paramesh, H., Salvi, S., & Dalal, K. (2015). Enhancing indoor air quality – The air

filter advantage. Lung India, 5. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/

Articles/PMC4587002

Wallace, L. (2010). Effectiveness of home air cleaners in reducing indoor levels of particles.

ResearchGate, 11. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236004768_

Effectiveness_of_Home_Air_Cleaners_in_Reducing_Indoor_Levels_of_Particles

Ward, M., Siegel, J., & Corsi, R. (2015). The effectiveness of stand alone air cleaners for shelter-

in-place. Air Cleaners, 7. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

15737155

Wheeler E., Gates R., Xin H., & Zajaczkowski, J. (2011). Field estimation of ventilation capacity

using fans. Bioresource and Agriculutural Engineering Commons. Retrieved from:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/01a2/f391c6cae67d7711dfd3f6cca0ffbbb3cb44.pdf

Yang, Yan, & Lam, (2014). Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications.

Applied Energy, 115, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062

Yu, B., Hu, Z., Liu, B, Yang, H., Kong, H., & Liu, Y. (2010). Review of research on air-

conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. International

Journal of Refrigeration, 32, 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.05.004