Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Background of the Study

Gang war among street children is a common trend of younger generation for
today. It gives a problem to the law enforcer because it involves to a very young
individuals. Most of the member of this gang is belong to the out of school youth. The
age of the member ranges from eight (8) years old to eighteen (18) years old. The
PNP have some difficulties in solving this problem, because it deals with very young
individuals. There is a special law taken care of which regards to minors.

In the Barangay level, the maintenance of Barangay Peace and Order

Committee headed by the Barangay Captain. They have a strong campaign with
regards to the safety of street children. They look into the sensitivity of the
problem with regards to minors. They will less assure that rights of this young
individuals must be properly observed. The Barangay Tanods has a great task to
monitor the movement of the member of gang in their Barangay so that they can have
an update of what they are doing.

Gang war among street children happened anywhere anytime without fear.
They are not afraid even with the presence of the Law enforcer and Barangay tanods
because on their that they cannot be incarcerated because they are minors.
That is why the Department of Local Government with the Department of Social
Welfare and Development joined in hand to give a massive information about the new
law which Republic Act No. 9344. An act establishing a Comprehensive Juvenile
Justice and welfare system, creating the Juvenile justice and welfare council under
the Department of Justice, appropriating funds therefore and for
their purposes.

Hence, this study may give insights to policy makers for the improvement on
the Administration of Peace and Order with regards to street children in their
respective Barangays.

Review of Related Literature

Gang war among street children gives a headache to our society today. The
number of crimes rises to its highest percentage involving young offender or what we
called children in conflict with the Law. the agency of the problems with regards to
minor offender in the Department of Social Welfare and Development. The DSWD
must be aware of the root cause why the number of Gang members kept on
increasing. They must try to find out the reason why they kept in fighting and
establishing gang war.

The National Government, just this year make a noise with regards to the new
amendments with the law to lower the age of criminal liability. From five (5) years old
to twelve years (12) old. It resulted to great debate both because the congress and in
the senate. They are much concerned about the rights of the children.

The Parents plays a major role to discipline their children before the
government do. They should have a strong free will to monitor the activity of their
children before it’s too late. Poverty is not an excuse to let your children live in the
street. Join others to do such extravagant thing and it will result to commit crime.

Proper parental guidance must be strictly implemented in the house so that

they will not become a juvenile in the society. Some reason also that gang war existed
is the lack of police visibilities. That is why the Local Barangay Tanods will help the
PNP to solve this gang war among street children. While the Department of Social
Welfare and Development agency in task to take care about the problems with regards
to minors, they must try to educate the community of Butuan City, about the Juvenile
Justice and Welfare Act of 2006. It shall cover the different stages involving children
at risk and children in conflict with the law from prevention to rehabilitation and
integration.

The moment that the Parents understand the law they will aware that they have
an obligation with the Law about taken care off with their children.

Gang war among street children in Butuan City, is just natural to the on lookers
because they are already immune on their activities. The member of the Gang are
very fearless and aggressive to do crimes because they are not aware of what
happened next if they committed a crime. The Researcher is focused on three
Barangay who has a great number of gang in their community. It is Barangay Limaha,
Barangay Port Poyohon, and Barangay Ong yiu in Butuan City. Knowing that the PNP,
DSWD and other Local Barangay have a covenant that they must solve the gang war
among street children with in this year of 2019.
Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

This study relied on the theories and constructs are bit like spectacles, some
help to see more clearly the object that is concerned with, while other merely give a
foggy, blurred in age, change the object of concern, however, and the second pair of
spectacles might be more useful (Bishop, 19774:4).

The use of theory to explain the social world marks the maturity of a discipline.
The idea theory or the ability to interpret and understand the findings of research within
a conceptual framework which makes sense of the data is the mark of a discipline
whose aim is the systematic study of a particular phenomenon.

This study adopts the system theory of control on trying to explain its purpose
and parameters. Control theory is a theory that deals with influencing the behavior of
dynamical systems. It is an interdisciplinary subfield of science, which originated in
engineering and mathematics, and evolved into use by the social science, such as
economics, psychology, sociology, criminology and in the financial system.

Control theory stresses how weak bonds between the individuals and society
free people to deviate or go against the norms, or the people who have weak ties
would engage in crimes so they could benefit, or gain something that is to their own
interest. This is where strong bonds make deviance more costly.

Humans are selfish beings, who make decisions based in which choice will give
the greatest benefits. A good example of control theory would be that people go to
work.

This theory supports the evaluation process undertaken by the researcher to

gauge perception from data gathered on government agencies performance in their
area of jurisdiction to substantially evaluate problems and solutions they encountered.
Conceptual Framework

Profile of Respondents Performance of PNP,

DSWD and Barangay
Tanods in terms of:
 Age

 Educational

Attainment  Gang war

 Length of Service

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the Profile of the Respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Educational Attainment

1.3. Length of Service

2. What is the Performance of PNP, DSWD and Barangay Tanods in terms of:

2.1. Gang war

3. Is there a significant difference of the PNP, DSWD and Barangay Tanods

and the residents of the community on the level of performance of this
government agency in solving gang war among street children?
Hypothesis

Ho1 . There is no significant difference of PNP, DSWD, Barangay Tanods and

the residents of the community on the level of performance of this government agency
in solving gang war among street children.
 Chapter 2

METHOD

This chapter includes the Research Design, Research Respondents

/Participants/ Subjects, Research Instrument, Research Procedures and Statistical
Tool of the study.

Research Design

This research utilizes the descriptive survey method of research. It is

descriptive is because it describes the different profiles of the respondents in terms of
Age, Educational Attainment and Length of Service of where the respondents belong.

This design fits best in studies which aim to describe the nature of a situation
at the time of this study and explore the causes of a particular phenomenon Further,
it emphasizes that descriptive research method includes that the present facts
concerning anything, a group of person, number of objectives, a set of conditions, a
class of event, a sequence of thoughts or any kind of phenomenon which are wishes
to study.

Research Respondents /Participants/ Subjects

This research was conducted among PNP, DSWD, and Barangay Tanods in
Butuan City. The total number of respondents of the study involved where fifteen (15)
Barangay Tanods, sixty (60) community residents, ten (10) PNP and ten (10) DSWD
personnel who participated in the survey.

Research Instruments

The researchers used a questionnaire form for this research to gather data and
relevant information have it distributed to the different government agency involved in
this study.
 The questionnaire is composed of two (2) components. The first components
composed of the profile of the respondents in terms of age, educational attainment
and length of service.

The second component is composed of the different items on the respondents

level of performance of PNP, DSWD and Barangay Tanods for solving gang war
problem in Butuan City.

Research Procedure

Before the questionnaires were distributed, the researcher ask permissions

from the Barangay Captain of Barangay Limaha, Barangay Ong yiu and Barangay
Port Poyohon, to conduct the survey to all Barangay Tanod of the said Barangay.

It takes the researcher two (2) weeks for the conduct of the survey from
distribution and retrieval to compilation of the results. The retrieved questionnaire were
then collected, classified and group together and tallied according to the different
items that are provided.

Statistical Tool

For the treatment of statistics, the data are then analyzed. The results are then
tabulated to determine the logical interpretations to the answer of the problems being
raised.

The statistical measurements being employed in the data processing were:

1. Means were used to interpret the values of the respondent’s answers regarding the
level of performance of PNP, DSWD and Barangay Tanods in solving gang war
among street children.

2. t-test were also used to determine the significant difference in the level of
assessment of PNP, DSWD and Barangay Tanods themselves and the residents of
the community on the performance of government agency nd Barangay Tanods in
solving gang war among street children in this Barangay.