Understanding the Impact of the Replacement of Philippine Jeepney to the Drivers Under

Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program on Selected Cities of Metro Manila

Aquino, Divina Grace

Bembo, Gwen

Buhay, Kerven

Deanon, Christine

Javier, Rafael

Manayon, Kiarra Gweneth

Quindao, Gaile Denisse

Ramos, Nica

BSMA 1-6

August 2018
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Transportation has been part of people’s lives ever since the technology emerged on the

face of the Earth. Progressively, it has also been developed as humans established different

civilizations around the world. Consequently, transportation companies and the government saw

this as an opportunity to offer products and services to make the transportation more convenient

and accessible.

Christine O. Deanon

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Vehicles, these are what caused the everyday struggle of Filipino commuters as they go

to school, work, or simple tripping within or out of town. For commuters, these vehicles are their

saviors and modern buddy. Horse carousel, bicycle, tricycle, and jeep are just few of the old

mode of transportation. As years passed by, a new set of vehicles brought by globalization

emerged. The presence of additional land vehicles like bus, taxi, UV express, vans, as well as

private utility vehicles such as Grab, and Uber are now patronized. However, it does not change

the fact that the jeepney is renowned in the country.

Jeepneys are vehicles that can occupy 20 to 26 passengers, depending on the length of it.

The passengers’ seat faces each other, and the entrance and exit are located at the back of the

vehicle. Jeepneys are also known for their long mouth-like rear, sometimes with antenna-like

decoration, and is equipped with pluck-cards – written on it the route of the jeepney. The
creativity and motivation which show Filipino values are present in each of the Jeepney’s

colorful paintings. Thus, it represents the culture of the Filipino drivers though vehicle designs.

Since the acquisition of the jeepney from the leftovers of the US Military troops years ago, it has

been well-crafted by Filipinos. But, today’s jeepneys, since the long run, are getting rustier.

Moreover, as systems of the jeepneys are being used every single day, it also gets old and

functions less expected.

Under the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s administration, the Public Utility Vehicles

(PUV) Modernization Program, he has seriously tackled in 2017 that the said program will be

focusing on eliminating jeepneys of 15 years and older and be replaced with modern jeepneys.

These modern jeepneys are said to be electric or solar-powered, equipped with Wi-Fi,

closed-circuit television camera (CCTV), and television, and has the modern mode of payment

such as the beep cards being used in train stations. In line with this, there will be no more smoke

belching on the roads. Wireless internet connections, CCTVs, and televisions would be present

for the passengers’ convenience.

The entrance and exit of these said modern jeepneys would be placed on the side, where

the CCTV would also be put. The PUV Modernization Program is said to promote a healthier,

safer, and eco-friendly environment to its drivers, commuters, and operators. And if these things

are met, then the Philippines would be a step closer towards modernization.

Nica Ramos
OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTION

In this subchapter, the problem that is to be solved by the researchers are discussed and

shown. Since the PUVMP is a debatable topic to most of the Jeepney drivers, the answer to the

question “is the PUVMP effective in the current dilemma of jeepney phase out” is the problem of

the researchers. The main topic of the researchers revolved in the context of the effectiveness of

the said program, if proven that the PUVMP is well carried out in the series of brick by brick

scenario then it would cause a better development in the jeepney drivers. The main benefactor of

the research will be the jeepney drivers who take in the daily operation after the PUVMP is

implemented. With this research, the researchers would be able to know further data as well as to

deepen the understanding in regards to the jeepney drivers. This paper measures the drivers’

awareness of the PUVMP.

● Is the said program an effective way to help jeepney drivers?

● Will the PUVMP benefit the jeepney drivers?

● In what way can the researchers raise awareness of the opinions and concerns of jeepney

drivers about the program?

Rafael Javier

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The research entitled “Understanding the Impact of the Replacement of Philippine

Jeepney to the Drivers Under Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program on Selected Cities

of Metro Manila” covers the area of Metro Manila only, specifically, Marikina City, Pasig City

and Manila.
 The research scopes drivers either of old jeepneys or the modern ones under the Public

Utility Vehicle (PUV) Modernization Program. The drivers as participants also can come from

any legal age regardless of gender. A total of 30 drivers are to be the respondents in this study.

The research does not cover finances, expenses, or any monetary terms of the jeepney

users. Furthermore, this study only focuses on the effects of the program in every individual who

uses public vehicle in transportation, particularly Jeepenys.

Gaile Quindao & Gwen Bembo

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research seeks to provide an overview between the old Jeepneys that has been the

mark of Filipinos, and the new ones under the Public Utility Vehicle (PUV) Modernization

Program. The study aims to know the interaction of ‘Science’ and ‘Technology’ that will give

benefit to the ‘Society’. Giving overview of the similarities and differences of the jeepneys will

help improve the users’ literacy on transportation and widen the knowledge about the modernity.

The findings of this study will benefit and bring awareness to the society on the effects of the

Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program or PUVMP not only to the drivers, but also to the

commuters and environment.

To the drivers, this study will be beneficial to be able to voice out their concerns regarding the

program being imposed nationwide. Moreover, this study will help them to enlighten some

unknown facts about the program. Although the program has downsides, this study will weigh in

the positive sides of the program.

To the commuters, as a sub-dependent factor of the program, this study will serve as an

instrument to learn and have a deeper understanding about the program and its effects to

Philippine Jeepeney drivers’ lives and to the environment.

To the government, this study will be beneficial because it will also serve as an instrument to

have reconsiderations and adjustments on the program to those who are directly affected by it.

This will help the government regarding on the economic implication such as to gradually solve

traffic condition and provide new job opportunity.

Christine Deanon & Kerven Buhay

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Civilization – The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most

advanced.

Renowned – Known or talked about by many people.

Belching – Send smoke or flames out.

Franchise – An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group

enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities.

Conventional – Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed.

Envision – Imagine as a future possibility ; visualize.

Template – A (file) that serves as a starting point for a new document.

Fleet – A number of vehicles or aircraft operating together or under the same ownership.
Ergonomics – The study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

Demography – Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

Nica Ramos

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

A conventional
SCIENCE jeep is E-jeepneys are the
TECHNOLOGY
popular public replacement of conventional
transportation
A conventionalinjeep
the is jeepneys in the Philippines.
E-jeepneys are the
Philippines.
popular public replacement of Vehicle
conventional
 Public Utility
 transportation
Most popular modein the
of jeepneys in the Philippines.
Modernization Program
Philippines.
transportation  Electronic Jeepneys
Public Utility Vehicle
 Cheap fare
Most popular mode Modernization Program
 Crowded seating Electronic Jeepneys
of transportation
 Major source of air
Cheap fare
pollution
Crowded seating SOCIETY
Major source of air
pollution

The PublicSOCIETY
Utility Vehicle
Modernization Program
(PUVMP) willUtility
The Public help lessen
Vehicle
issues in the Philippines.
Modernization Program
(PUVMP)
Safer for will help lessen
commuters
issues in traffic
Lessen the Philippines.
congestion
 Lessen air pollution
Safer for commuters
Lessen traffic
VLOG
congestion
Lessen air pollution

VLOG
 The illustration above shows the conceptual framework of the study, it presents the

process of how the research is conducted. The framework of Science, Technology and Society is

used to have a more concrete and accurate flow of the study. First, in terms of Science, defining

what a Philippine conventional jeep is and what problems does it causes. Second, for the

technology, is to determine how a Philippine conventional jeep will turn into a better version

concerning factors that made the program possible. Third, is to determine how the study will

benefit the society by gathering opinions, recommendations and suggestions to the respondents.

Christine O. Deanon
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In the midst of the current national government’s focus to attain higher economical

standing as the Philippines remains as a developing country, having a slower pace of growth,

modernization of transportation means is proposed for another little steps to outpaced current

growing economy as well as achieve higher economical standing. The PUVMP, Public Utility

Vehicle Modernization Program or the Department Order No. 2017-011 issued last June 2017 by

the Department of Transportation, envision by the government as well-maintained sustainable

transport sector which will benefit commuters, drivers and operators. The program was initially

planned to start last January 2018 at Tacloban City which was believed as the “template of the

PUVMP” for Metro Manila.

Before the government could implement the program, various opinions from different

groups arose and eventually created different sides. As the group of operators, commuters and

drivers voiced out opinions regarding the modernization of program, questions formed and

conclusions were given. As the program wants to achieve restructured, modern, well-managed

and environmentally sustainability, it turns out to be a threat to small organizations and below

average drivers and commuters. According to the statement released by the DOTr or the

Department of Transportation, under the PUV modernization program jeepney drivers will

finally feel the security of a monthly salary, along with benefits. No boundary system means

shorter and more manageable shifts, too. The agency also adds that cleaner jeepneys will mean

drivers are less exposed to air pollution and other health hazards. This means that drivers will get

their salary like the other laborer are paid monthly or twice a month, with benefits like SSS, Pag-
ibig and PhilHealth which they cannot get by the current or the abolishing type of boundary

system. Operators will also benefit by better result in increased save up on expenses such as

cleaning and maintenance.

Considering that modernization means greater expenses on product that will be used such

as the Euro04-engine which is the required engine to be used, safety features such as speed-

limiters, CCTVs, dashboard cameras and solar panels on the roof, designed to be environment-

friendly, safe, secure and convenient with due consideration to our Persons-with-Disabilities

(PWDs) passengers, DOTr acknowledges that the program requires a high capital cost. DOTr is

in turn working with the Department of Finance and Department of Trade and Industry to work

out programs to provide concerned parties with more credit. Smaller operators can consolidate

and pool their resources to meet credit requirements and share operations and maintenance costs.

By the year 2020, giant multinational corporations like Toyota and Mitsubishi will

contract by the government as these corporations are profit-driven, that can locally manufacture

the vehicles numbering to about 200,000. Each vehicle will cost about Php 1.2

Million(US$24,000) to Php 1.6 Million (US$32,000), to be loaned to the driver payable in seven

(7) years at 6% interest. The government, through a public bank will cover the 5% but not more

than Php 80,000 (US$1,600) financing and the driver will have to pay the rest[4]. This means that

the driver will have to shell out at least Php800/day from their daily earnings in order to comply

with such costly amortization. Local car manufacturers and body makers will be tapped to

provide modern, safe, and environment-friendly vehicles.

 The BDO Unibank Incorporated announced as the first privately-owned financial

institution in the country to fund provisions of logistics support, manpower selection and

training, equipment repair and maintenance, and operations of PUVs.

Apart from the local agencies and academic institutions, the program also has the support

of several international partners: Asian Development Bank, The World Bank, and the Japan

International Cooperation Agency, among others. A financing program A financing program

offering low equity, low interest rates, and longer payment terms will be made available to

operators. Landbank and the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) are working on

affordable terms to ensure government support during the transition process. Special loan

program with Landbank and DBP is being proposed which will provide access to operators and

drivers to adequate funding in order to soften the impact and assist small operators who will be

affected by the PUVMP. Stakeholders will also have access to various trainings and social

support programs which will be offered to enable them to be competent, self-sufficient and well-

equipped with the necessary technical knowledge and skills.

However, various groups were not convinced on how the government described the

PUVMP and labeled it as “silent massacre on small jobs and business”. Drivers bat for rehab,

upgrade of their current jeeps, but oppose the LTFRB’s drive to consign it all to the junkyard in

favor of importing more expensive, untried units. According to the Piston, the jeepneys plying

the roads now would be phased out still, to be replaced by the new imported jeepney, and run

under fleet management programs benefiting the likes of Henry Sy, Manny V. Pangilinan, their

representative Homer Mercado, and other big capitalists, eager to enter the transport businesses.

PUV Modernization will inevitably result in higher fares, costing around ten (10) pesos to

twenty-two (22) pesos, affecting both drivers and the operators.

 The proposed modernization plan will only lead to small operators under huge debt and

many displaced drivers. This means that the modernization program will only upgrade jeepney

but will not modernize the system of public transportation. Expensive modernized jeepneys will

cost fare hike and operators may not afford the new units, making the government dependent

with other big companies.

The PUV Modernization Program is a system reform that will entirely change the

transportation industry and the economic growth. The national administration’s vision to achieve

higher global economic level can affect the society- the government and the nation in a less or

more impact for both the current and future Filipino generation.

The representation of the Filipinos’ journey into modernization is the jeepney. At the end

of the Second World War, only the plain army jeep was the type of vehicle you can see on the

pitted roads of the Philippines. These vehicles were stripped down and reassembled by the

Filipinos, who transformed them into minibuses which can hold ten to fifteen passengers. They

are still the mass transport system in Manila as well as in rural barrios. Decorated with tassels,

plastic stripping, foil, mirrors, etc., individually the jeepneys are an artistic output of its Filipino

owners and collectively they are a bright illustration of general acculturation. Beautified with

devout visuals for diving fortification shows the depth of faith Filipinos have. Foreigners usually

wonder how the jeepneys with its Filipino drivers ignore the traffic rules without receiving any

punishment.
 Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program or better known as PUVMP is a

government initiative which seeks to provide a modern, restructured and eco-friendly road

transport system. This modernization plan calls out for the replacement of all PUVs aged 15

years and older and changing them to a safer and more environment-friendly vehicles. This

program can be associated in the book entitled Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity

by Hartmut Rosa which tackles the idea that our society is in fact accelerating. In the book, the

author pinpoints three categories of change in the speed of modern social life and these include

technological acceleration which refers to the speed of transportation and communications

technologies; the acceleration of social change which refers to the alteration of popular norms

that are mirrored in social institutions, cultural literacy, and personal relationships; and lastly the

acceleration in the pace of life, which is the increasing responsibilities and demands forced into

the same span and takes place in spite of the presumption that technological change should

increase an individual's spare moments.

Hartmut Rosa also stated that our established law, practice or custom are characterized by

the "shrinking of the present" phenomena and when this is combined with technological

acceleration as well as the increasing pace of life, it leads time to flow even faster. This now

creates a fluid and complex relationship with other people and the world since it demands a

faster pace to keep up in life. In addition to this, there are also numerous political consequences

to social acceleration. The intricacy of the society and the decisions required to govern it have

become immensely rapid for a truthful democratic control. As Rosa said, the “renunciation of

political control today in order to preserve potential future opportunities of control” which can be

applied to the current modernization happening in the Philippine public utility vehicles. A formal
rejection to political control can be a tool in sustaining the potential opportunities with regards to

control in the near future.

One of the main reasons why Philippines is striving for modernization specifically in the

transportation system, is to achieve continuous economic development. In order to achieve

continuous economic development, constructing a program that can be considered as a

technological change. These program is connected as to what the Modernization Theory

suggests, as economic development of countries emanate from technological change which

means a country becomes more modernized if the countries change traditional attitudes, values,

and institutions while adapting newly established modernized stability.

The theory suggests that when traditional customs, cultural discourage and individual

achievement dominate, traditional societies become more complex and differentiated as time

goes by and remain underdeveloped. In comparison, modernized or well-developed countries,

changes involves increasing complexity, differentiation, and efficiency, as well as market-driven

attitudes that traditional countries lack of. Modernization theory can partially explain why some

countries like Japan have become successful as it made a huge strides in economic development.

Developing countries, modernization theory says, are better off if they let the natural forces of

competition guide worlds development. Free markets, according to this perspective, will result in

the best economic order. But, as critic argues, markets do not develop independently of

government’s influence. Meaning, developing countries seek help financially and

technologically in countries that excel in these aspects in order to attain economic development.
 As governments work with private companies in other to adopt export and import

strategies and restrictions, economic development may spur or hinder by the government.

Modernizing the transportation in the Philippines includes endorsement from various private

companies to sustain different aspects such as the specific engine that is produced by Recardo, a

British firm that’s been developing engines for century, which is needed by the public utility

vehicles. Another one is the finance program offered by private bank institution, BDO Unibank

which is led by the Sy-family, opening opportunity for operators and drivers to fund the

operations of PUV. These endorsements reflect the ability of the Philippines’ government to give

proper attention as private institutions offer their resources to achieve the society’s development,

economically.

This research assessed the jeepney vehicle in terms of ergonomics, safety and

environmental factors. It established database of manufacturers and their design specification,

determined the condition and design of the vehicle based on the perception and preference of

jeepney drivers and passengers, and compared the parts of the jeepney vehicle using Philippine

National Standards and international standards. The study revealed that most jeepney

manufacturing firms have varied specifications with regard to the capacity, dimensions and

weight of the vehicle and similar specification on the parts and equipment of the jeepney vehicle.

Most of the jeepeney drivers and passengers want to improve, change and standardize the parts

of the jeepney vehicle. In addition, the parts of jeepney vehicles have parallel specifications

compared to the 4 out of 5 mandatory PNS and 22 out 32 UNECE Regulations applicable for

jeepney vehicle. Finally, the jeepeny vehicle can be standardized in terms of design, safety and

environmental concerns.
 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research uses a sequential explanatory (Creswell, 2003), is a mixed method research

design that involves the collection and analysis of quantitative data first, and followed by the

collection and analysis of qualitative data. Mixed method research design, which is a procedure

that involves collecting, analyzing and integrating both quantitative and qualitative research to

come up with a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the research problem and

provide a broader perspective in this study. When used in combination, quantitative and

qualitative methods complement each other and allow for more complete analysis (Tashakkori &

Teddlie, 1998).

In quantitative research, as defined by Charles and Mertler, is when an investigator relies

on numerical data while according to Creswell, 1998, qualitative research is “an inquiry process

of understanding” where the researcher develops a “complex, holistic picture, analyzes words,

reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting”.

Divina Grace Aquino

RESEARCH LOCALE

The study will be conducted at specific places within Metro Manila namely Marikina,

Manila, and Pasay City. Around 60,000 jeepneys are legally operating in the Metro Manila area,

where approximately ten percent of the national population lives. The respondents for this study
are the jeepney drivers around the said locations that are currently driving vehicles under the

modernization program and the ones who are still driving the old form of jeepneys.

Gaile Quindao

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The study “A Comparative Study: Understanding the Impact of the Replacement of

Philippine Jeepney to the Drivers Under Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program on

Selected Cities of Metro Manila“ uses interview as a data gathering tool for the data needed an

in-depth analysis. The questionnaire was formed by the researchers and will be given upon

further checking to the research adviser. The researchers will revise the questionnaire subject to

the alterations the adviser requires. The researchers will then proceed to finding drivers as

interviewees in terminals within Metro Manila. The researchers will ensure credible and valid

sources of data as per the research requires. The researchers will use cell phones as cameras to

photograph and record the data collection. The documentation then follows.

Gwenny Manayon

DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS

The purpose of this questionnaire is to know more on the effects of the Public Utility

Vehicle Modernization Program specifically the lifestyle of the of the drivers who are driving for

at least 5 years and above and to inform them about PUVMP and its effect directly to the driver.

The questionnaire is semi-structured, and is guided by questions and interesting issues that

can be explored in more depth. It also consists of open-ended questions for further opinions and

suggestions. To know more about the social status of the person, we used demographics as a part
of our survey questions so that we could collect demographic data for the variable of the jeepney

drivers.

Nica Ramos
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data collected and gathered from various sources and

participants with the use of camera to record the discussion between the researchers and the

interviewees. All the information gathered is presented to the given file which contains all the

videos and sound recordings of all the interviews conducted.

Citing essentials:

Table 1: Family to Support

Do you have a family to support?

Yes No Total

28 2 30

The first question asked was “Do you have a family to support?” Out of 30 respondents,

2 of the jeepney drivers interviewed said they do not have a family to support and 25 answered

they have, in different numbers. Some have 6 to 8 family members to support, some have 1 to 4

only.

As we all know, the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) requires

lots of money with drivers and operators coerced to buy modernized jeepneys. To a certain

degree, some factors pertaining to the inability of the drivers and operators to buy the said

jeepneys would be them having to support a family.

 Table 2: Driving Years

How many years have you been a driver?

Range (years) Number of drivers who answered

1-10 4

11-20 17

21-30 3

31-40 4

41-50 2

Total: 30

The interviewers asked the drivers’ driving years. For a summary, 4 of them have driving

career ranging from 1 to 10 years. 17 of them have driving career from 11 to 20 years. 3 of them

have 21 to 30 years. 4 of them have 31 to 40 years of driving career. 2 of them have 41 to 50

driving years, in totality of 27 respondents.

Years of driving vary whether the drivers and operators want to replace their jeepneys

from the old ones to the modernized ones. Some have sympathy over their vehicle, and some

wants to adapt to change. The majority of our interviewees have 11 to 20 years of driving

experience, which have been reliable in collecting further data.

Although some may have been a driver for more than 30 years, not all of them drove only

a vehicle. Some of them operated and drove buses, UV Expresses, and other else.
 Table 3. Owns a Jeepney

Do you own the jeepney that you have been driving?

Yes No Total

6 24 30

In reality, when jeepney drivers commit themselves to operators, they give a portion of

their income to the operator. This is what we call “boundary”. Interviewers asked jeepney

drivers whether they own the jeepney they are driving or not. 6 of them answered they do, while

24 of them said they do not.

Table 4. Expenses

How much is your expense per day?

Expense (peso) Number of drivers who answered

400 3

650 1

700 2

1000 3

1200 1

1250 1

1350 1

1500 3

1600 2
1850 1

1900 1

2000 3

2500 3

2700 1

2800 1

3000 1

3500 1

4000 1

Average: 1,750/day 30

When asked about the jeepney drivers’ expenses, their answers differ from each other.

Some have low expenses, and some have high. The highest number of interviewer answered 400,

1,000, and 2,500. Expenses might be due to gasoline, repairs, or renovation.

On average, using descriptive analysis, a driver has expends 1,750 per day.

Table 5. Profit

How much is your profit per day?

Profit (peso) Total

350 1

500 8

600 1
650 2

700 2

800 3

850 1

900 2

950 2

1000 4

1200 1

1500 2

2000 1

Average: 840.4/day 30

With the income less the expenses, jeepney drivers were asked about their profit. For the

majority, 7 drivers said they have average profit of 500 per day. In relation with the expenses,

since the PUV modernization program requires money, jeepney drivers who have a profit of only

500 per day cannot possibly cope with the said program. Factors like their family, and other

expenses, could affect the normal income.

On average, a jeepney driver ha 840.4 pesos profit a day.

Nica Ramos
 Table 6. Is the profit earned enough to suffice their needs?

Is your average profit for the Number of respondents Percentage

day enough to suffice your
needs?

Yes 8 27%

No 22 73%

Table 6 shows the results for the question “Is your average profit for the day enough to

suffice your needs?” Out of the 30 respondents, 8 answered Yes garnering 27% of the population

and 22 jeepney drivers answered No obtaining 73% of the population.

Table 7. Awareness on the PUVMP

Are you aware of the Public Number of respondents Percentage

Utility Vehicle Modernization
Program imposed by the
government?

Yes 26 87%

No 4 13%

Table 7 shows the results of the question “Are you aware of the Public Utility Vehicle

Modernization Program imposed by the government?” Out of 30 respondents, 26 of them

responded Yes, garnering 87% of the population whereas for those who responded No obtained a

total of 13% of the population.

 Table 8. Perception on the program’s effectiveness in terms of jeepney drivers

Is there a good effect of the Number of respondents Percentage

PUVMP to the Jeepney
drivers?

Yes 2 6%

No 28 94%

In the table 8, it shows the data for the question “Is there a good effect of the PUVMP to

the Jeepney drivers?” As shown in the table, 28 out of 30 respondents or 94% of the population

responded No while 2 out of them responded Yes.

Table 9. Perception on the program’s effectiveness in terms of environment

Is there a good effect of the Number of respondents Percentage

PUVMP to the environment?

Yes 11 37%

No 19 63%

Table 9 shows the data gathered from the respondents regarding their perception on the

program’s effectiveness. Out of the 30 respondents, 1 respondent was not able to answer whether

he favors the program in regards to environmental context. Moreover, 19 out of 29 respondents

responded No, garnering 63% of the population while 11 respondents or 37% of the population

said Yes.
 Table 10. Perception on the program’s effectiveness seen as a whole

Is there a good effect of the Number of respondents Percentage

PUVMP to the whole nation,
as seen in a big picture?

Yes 5 17%

No 23 83%

Table 10 shows the data for the question, “Is there a good effect of the PUVMP to the

whole nation, as seen in a big picture?” Out of the 30 respondents, 2 respondents were not able to

answer the question. Out of 28 respondents, 23 responded No, obtaining 83% of the population

whereas, 5 responded Yes representing 17% of the population.

Table 11. Approval

Are you in favor of the Number of respondents Percentage

PUVMP?

Yes 8 27%

No 22 73%

Table 11. The table shows that 73% of the respondents are not favor with the national

project, Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program while 27% said otherwise. Out of the 30

respondents, 2 respondents refused to answer the question.

 Table 12. Age of Jeepney

How old is this jeepney that Number of respondents Percentage

you are currently driving?

1-5 years 2 14%

6-10 years 3 20%

11-15 years 1 6%

16-20 years 4 27%

21-25 years 1 6%

more than 30 years 4 27%

Table 11. This table shows how old or new the jeepney unit the jeepney driver is

operating. most jeepney units ranges from 16-20 years and/or more than 30 years.

Table 13. Favor of new jeepney acquisition

Are you in favor of the new e- Number of respondents Percentage

jeepneys?

Yes 9 30%

No 21 70%

Table 13. This table shows that 70% of the jeepney drivers are not in favor with the new

e-jeepneys while the remaining 30% said otherwise.

 Table 14. Jeepney Loan

Are you planning to get a Number of respondents Percentage

special loan offered by the
government?

Yes 6 20%

No 24 80%

Table 14. The table shows that 80% of the respondents has no plans on getting a special

loan offered by the government to the jeepney drivers and operators while 20% said otherwise.

Christine Deanon

Table 15. Perception on PUVMP’s Success

On your perception, do you think DOTr will succeed in the said program on 2020?

Yes No Total

11 19 30

In relation with the previous question asked, when interviewers asked for the perception

of the drivers’ perception, 9 of them think that DOTr will succeed in the program by 2020, while

18 of them said no.

PUV Modernization Program cannot be measured by perceptions alone, but knowing the

insights of the drivers could appeal to the public because they are the most affected among all

variables.

Nica Ramos
VLOG

In order to present a much detailed overview of the data gathered, the researchers

conducted a “vlog” which refers to a blog that uses digital videos as entries instead of text. The

overall number of interviewed respondents is thirty (30), however, the researchers decided to

only include at least five (5) respondents in the vlog due to the fact that most of their answers are

similar with one another. This vlog is solely made for the purpose of understanding the impact of

the replacement of Philippine jeepney to the drivers because of the Public Utility Modernization

Program or better known as the PUVMP. Attached below is the link of the said vlog.

Gaile Quindao

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDveGUIG8U8&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR35Gay7i

DC469EY1277X4wiGx_1_cKRA_IdqAZNxgbJawkqdJFQSj0a-Z0

Rafael Javier
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

This chapter tackles the summary of findings on the understanding the impact of the

replacement of Philippine Jeepney to the drivers under Public Utility Vehicle Modernization

Program. In chapter 1, it was stated that the purpose of this research is to know the awareness of

the drivers and also to deepen the understanding of the researchers on the said topic. After

conducting a survey among jeepney drivers from different cities of Manila, the results were

interpreted and the conclusions and recommendations were drawn. First, the research found out

that most jeepney drivers have families with a total of 28 drivers out of the 30 respondents. This

implies that the main source of their everyday expenses is the take-home profit from the

jeepneys..

Second, the average driving years of the respondents ranges from 11-20 years. Although

most jeepney drivers are already experienced in driving a jeepney for almost two decades, the

researchers were able to identify that most jeepney drivers do not own a jeepney and that they

are just like an employee of the jeepney operator, giving to the operator a portion of their profit

in a day as a payment for what they call ‘boundary’. This implies that the decision and the

responsibility to upgrade to a modernized jeepney does not solely falls to the hands of the drivers

as most of the drivers does not have their own jeepney. Even though it has been confirmed and

still on discussion, the said financial help the government and a certain banking institution offers

is not the first option for most drivers.

 The research found out that the average cash deduction of a jeepney driver is Php 1750 a

day including the gasoline and maintenance expense, boundary payment, food and other

expenses. This means that if most of the drivers have a family to support considering the results,

the Php1750 expense is a big cut out of the profit that can make a big difference in the family

budgeting throughout the day. A jeepney driver usually takes home a profit amounting to Php

840 a day, less all the expenses that can be acquired throughout the day. Considering the fact that

there are bills to be paid inside a house, whether electricity, water and internet bills or the house

loans, the take home pay is not enough to save up to buy or to invest for a modernized jeepney.

The special loan offered by the government requires the drivers to pay monthly with high

installment rates. The first proposed daily installment amount was Php 800 which the jeepney

drivers opposed to as they can not afford it, obviously.

The researchers found various answers with regards to the planning of the drivers when

the time will come that their jeepneys will be covered by the program. Most of the drivers give

the decisions to their operators as it was stated that most of them do not own a jeepney, another

is to find another job in line with driving such as driving a tricycle.

As shown in the tables 7 and 8 most of the drivers know that there is a Modernization

program for the jeepneys and most of the respondents concluded that the Program will not have a

good effect on the current jeepneys, as far as the researchers interrogate, jeepney drivers also

answered no to the positive effect of the modernized jeep to the environment. In summarization

of tables 7, 8, 9 and 10, the respondents believe that the modernization program will not be

effective once it is fully implemented by the government.

 Furthermore, the data gathered as shown in table 12 are the age group that the jeeps are

involved at, stated in the data is that majority of the jeepneys are at the age group of 16 -20 years

and 30 years and above which means that these jeepneys already undergo a lot of remodeling and

yet it is still good for travelling or for service rendering.

Then on tables 13 and 14 shows that most of the jeepney drivers will not acquire the

modernized jeepney and access the loan that the government offered which means, these jeepney

drivers are against the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program.

Moreover, the purpose of this research is to showcase the understanding and awareness of

the jeepney drivers through the technology. The researchers have come up with a vlog that

focuses more on the opinions and concerns of the jeepney drivers towards the Public Utility

Vehicle Modernization Program. Jeepney drivers are well-aware of what PUVMP is and has

provided our research with great number of arguments that can further discuss on the vlog

provided by the researchers. The vlog consists several jeepney drivers interviewed in line with

the study in terms of its effect on the environment, to the society and to the country as a whole.

Divina Grace

RECOMMENDATIONS

The study has come up with the results and interpretation for every research question formulated

in Chapter 1 as presented in the previous chapter. However, while conducting the study, the

researchers have encountered problems along the way. The researchers recommend this study to

be read by not the drivers only, but all of us for us to have knowledge about the positive and

negative effects of this program not only in our society, but in our environment as well. The

purpose of this research is to bring awareness to all of us about the possible effects that we may
encounter in the future due to the modernization or the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization

Program (PUVMP).

If the program will be implemented in the future, the researchers encourage the future

researchers to study about the effects of the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program

(PUVMP) on the environment and society when this program has been implemented and to

compare this study to know which is better not only for our society and environment, but also for

the benefit of the drivers and commuters. Make a study about the profit, the time the drivers

allotted to drive and if their operators implemented new law or new rules to them.

Therefore, this part of the last chapter will tackle the recommendations for the lacking

parts of this paper, formulated by the researchers that can serve as guide for the future

researchers who wish to conduct a study related to this one. The following are considered

suggestions for the future researches:

● Consider changing the sampling method used from stratified random to cluster sampling

for a more systematic.

● Consider identifying the comparisons between the effects of the program on both jeepney

drivers of new and old jeepneys.

● Expand the locale and population to better represent the population

● Use other types of statistical tools aside from measures of central tendency (mean, mode,

median).

● Research for more local studies.

Kerven Buhay & Christine Deanon

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web

[1] Retrieved on August 03, 2018 http://ltfrb.gov.ph/index.php/puv-modernization-2/

[2] Retrived on August 03, 2018; San Juan, 2018;

https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/manila-bulletin/20180225/281522226575154

[3] Retrived on August 04, 2018; topgear.com.ph

[4] Retrieved on August 04, 2018; Media Release, October 2017; Transcription retrieved at

http://ctuhr.org

[5] Retrieved on August 04, 2018; Schnabel, 2018; rappler.com

[6] Retrieved on August 04, 2018; UNTV News and Rescue Media Release

[7] Retreived on August 20, 2018; Assessment of Jeepney in terms of Ergonomics, Safety and

Environmental Factors for the development of Specifications and Standards;

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/eastpro/2009/0/2009_0_271/_pdf

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