Ujian Tengah Semester

MA Termodinamika – Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia

Senin, 30 Maret 2015, Pk. 08.00-10.00 Pengajar: Kamarza Mulia, Ph.D.

1) Phase equilibria of water. A pressure cooker (PC) contains water as a liquid. At the top of the pressure cooker there
is a safety valve that will open if the pressure inside is higher than 5 bar. Questions: (a) If the PC is heated up to
120C and some water remains, will the valve open? (10) (b) If the PC is heated up and some water remains, to what
temperature the PC must be heated up so that the valve opens? (10). A container with 30 L capacity is initially empty
with no fluid inside. At the top of the container there is a safety valve that will open if the pressure inside the
container becomes higher than 5 bar. Water in the amount of 200 mL and at 25C is transferred into the container
without letting air in. If you want to heat up the water inside the container to become a saturated vapor, should we
set the release pressure of the safety valve to 10 or 15 bar? Explain. (10)

2) Gas ideal. (a) Jelaskan pengaruh suhu dan tekanan pada faktor kompresibilitas gas (5) (b) jelaskan pendapat anda
akan pernyataan berikut “Apabila gas memiliki nilai z sama dengan satu pada T dan P tertentu, kita dapat langsung
menyimpulkan bahwa gas tersebut bersifat ideal” (5)

3) Heat of reaction. 1 mole of H2 is reacted with 10%-excess pure oxygen in a batch reactor. If the initial temperature
is 25C, the conversion is 100%, and the reactor is operated adiabatically, calculate the final temperature of the gas.
Assume reasonable values of the ideal gas heat capacities since the final temperature could be much higher than
the initial 25C (10).

4) Siklus Rankine. Anda mengevaluasi suatu siklus Rankin yang diketahui kondisinya sbb: tekanan uap masuk turbin
20 bar, suhu uap masuk turbin 500°C, dan uap jenuh keluar dari turbin pada tekanan 0.1 bar. Fluida kerja keluar dari
kondensor sebagai cairan jenuh pada 30°C. Jika air pendingin yang dibutuhkan di kondensor memiliki laju alir 100
kg/detik, masuk pada suhu 15°C dan keluar pada 25C, hitunglah daya yang dihasilkan pembangkit dalam MW.
Tuliskanlah semua asumsi yang anda gunakan (35).

5) Siklus Refrijerasi. The following figure shows the schematic diagram of a vapor compression refrigeration system
with two evaporators using Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. This arrangement is used to achieve refrigeration
at two different temperatures with a single compressor and a single condenser. The low-temperature evaporator
operates at -18C with saturated vapor at its exit and has a refrigerating capacity of 3 tons. The higher temperature
evaporator produces saturated vapor at 3.2 bar at its exit and has a refrigerating capacity of 2 tons. Compression is
isentropic to the condenser pressure of 10 bar. There are no significant pressure drops in the flows through the
condenser and the two evaporators, and the refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 10 bar. Draw a
T-S diagram fro this refrigeration scheme (15).