TRANSLATION PRINCIPLES

This Assignment Requirements Submitted One Of Subject Translation Fifth

Semester English Departement Programme First Grup Of IAIN Bone

By:

Group II

Nurdiana (02.17.4008)

Nurhayati (02.17.4024)

Novianti (02.17.4002)

Andi Wirda Ramadani (02.17.4019)

Fatimah Gita Mutmainnah (02.17.4007)

TARBIYAH FACULTY
INSTITUTE AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN)
BONE
2019
 TRANSLATION PRINCIPLES

Translation is a job that requires seriousness. This is because an

insubstantial translation will lead to errors and will lead to a misunderstanding of
the author's intentions. So to get a good translation result, a translator must follow
the basic principles of translation. Translation has two principles, namely the basic
principles and general principles.

A. Basic principles

There are several figures who put forward the basic principles of
translation. Some of them are Martin Luther (1483-1546), who suggested that a
translator must be able to:

1. Diverting the rules of words;

2. Use auxiliary verbs;

3. Use conjunctions (conjunction) if it is needed;

4. Do not include words or terms that do not have equivalent translations in the
target language;

5. Use certain phrases or certain expressions if one of the source language

words does not find the equivalent translation in the target language;

6. Able to observe the variety and style of the source language.

Eltiene Dollet who put forward the basic principles of translation.

According to him the translator must have the ability to:

1. Translators must fully understand the contents and intentions of the authors
as set out in the source language;

2. Translators must have perfect language knowledge, both the source language
and the target language;
 3. The translator must avoid the tendency to translate word for word, because if
such a technique is done he will damage the meaning of the original word
and the beauty of the expression;

4. The translator must be able to use expressions commonly used daily;

B. General Principles

Abdurrahman Suparno and M. Azhar mentioned seven general principles

of good translation:

1. Eliminating the word redundant.

2. Short, simple, straightforward to understand.
3. Avoid language that is difficult to understand. If there is, include the
meaning.
4. Don't repeat the same word.
5. Comply with the correct EYD.
6. Variative words.
7. Not affected by foreign structures.

In addition to the principles of translation that have been stated above, a

translator must also understand the principles of translation as a guide for
translation, the principles are:

1. Accuracy

A translator must be precise and accurate in translating works from the

source language into the target language, when the translator does not focus on the
translation so that it results in inaccurate translation, there will be a fatal error,
especially for the reader interpretation of what has been translated.

2. Clarity

The clarity referred to here is the clarity of the results of the translation,
that is, the translator must master the target language well, so that what the
translator is trying to convey can really be understood and understood by the
people in the target language. Do not let a translator only proficient in the source
language but neglect in the target language, this will be difficult for readers if
there is a lack of clarity of the results.

3. Translation, fairness or naturalness

A translator must understand the principle of fairness and naturalness. The

"reasonable" vocabulary in the Big Indonesian Dictionary means:

· Ordinary as is without any additions;

· According to the existing conditions; as it should be.

Referring to the definition of the fair word, it can be interpreted, naturally,

here is how a translator translates the work appropriately, but indeed, the
translator may add material to the translation, and also reduce unnecessary
material, but must remain within reasonable limits, unnecessary too much so that
it appears the work of translation is just like the work of the translator's single
thought.

4. Does not change the original author's intent.

This principle is very clear to translators. However, in practice, translators

find it difficult not to change the original author's intent (source text) 100%, this is
due to the many cultural and linguistic differences between source and target
languages, but this reason does not mean allowing translators to intentionally and
excessively change the author's intentions or even deviated from the true
intention.

5. Produce translations that are easy for readers to understand.

Translation is part of communication, therefore, a translation should be

easy to understand and understand so that the purpose of communication between
the reader and the author can be achieved.
 Duff (1989:10-11) proposes some general principles which are supposed
to be relevant to all translations.

1. The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original

text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed, though occasionally part of
the meaning can be transposed. The following questions will be very helpful.

a. Is the meaning of the original text clear?

b. If not, where does the uncertainty lie?

c. Are any words loaded, that is, are there any underlying implications?

d. Is the dictionary meaning of a particular word the most suitable one?

e. Does anything in the translation sound unnatural or forced?

2. The ordering of words and ideas in the translation should match the
original as closely as possible. (This is probably essential in translating legal
documents, guarantees, contracts, etc). But differences in language structure often
require changes in the form and order of words.

3. Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given

context, for example in the business letter. To resolve these differences, the
translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression, and personal
expression in which the writer or speaker sets the tone.

4. Many translations do not sound natural. This is because the translator’s

thoughts and choices of words are too strongly influenced by the original text. A
good way to avoid this is to set the text aside and translate a few sentences from
memory in order to get the natural patterns of thought in the target language.

5. It will be better if the translator does not change the style of the original.
But if it is needed, for example because the text is full of repetitions or mistakes in
writing, the translator may change it.
 6. Idiomatic expressions including similes, metaphors, proverbs, and
saying, jargon, slang, and colloquialisms and phrasal verbs are often
untranslatable. To solve these problems, there are some hints one can use.

a. Keep the original word in inverted commas, for example: “yuppie”

b. Keep the original expression, with a literal explanation in the bracket

c. Use a non idiomatic expression.

But what is the most essential is that if the idiom does not work in the
target language; do not force it into the translation.
 REFERENCE

http://djangkrigdjoloendo.blogspot.com/2012/09/prinsip-umum-penerjemahan-
yang-baik.html

https://khuzainullah.blogspot.com/2014/10/definition-of-translation_40.html

https://www.slideshare.net/rudi_twins/translation-principles

http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132309873/pendidikan/Translation+Theory.pdf