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8-9: Bonding
AP Review Questions
c) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)2Br2]3+
d) [(NH3)2(H2O)2Br2+Cr]+
e) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)Br2]2+
3) Interpret each of the following four examples using modern bonding principles.
a) C2H2 and C2H6 both contain two carbon atoms. However, the bond between the two
carbons in C2H2 is significantly shorter than the bond between the two carbons in C2H6.
b) The bond angle in the hydronium ion, H3O+, is less than 109.5o, the angle of a tetrahedron.
c) The lengths of the bonds between the carbon and the oxygens in the carbonate ion, CO32-,
are all equal and are longer than one might expect to find in the carbon monoxide molecule,
CO.
d) The CNO- ion is linear.
4) Consider the molecules PF3 and PF5.
a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structures for PF3 and PF5 and predict the molecular geometry
of each.
b) Is the PF3 molecule polar, or is it nonpolar? Explain.
c) On the basis of bonding principles, predict whether each of the following compounds exists.
In each case, explain your prediction.
(i) NF5
(ii) AsF5
5) Explain each of the following observations in terms of the electronic structure and/or
bonding of the compounds involved.
a) At ordinary conditions, HF (normal boiling point = 20 oC) is a liquid, whereas HCl (normal
boiling point = -114 oC) is a gas.
b) Molecules of AsF3 are polar, whereas molecules of AsF5 are nonpolar.
c) The N—O bonds in the NO2- ion are equal in length, whereas they are unequal in HNO2.
d) For sulfur, the fluorides SF2, SF4, and SF6 are known to exist, whereas for oxygen only OF2
is known to exist.
6) 10.00g of a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen is burned in an insufficient
amount of oxygen to convert all the carbon to CO2. 12.86 g of water is formed along with
22.25 g of CO2. The only other substance left after the reaction is complete is CO.
a) What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?
b) How many grams of CO are formed?
c) At 25 oC the 10.00 g sample of the hydrocarbon alone had a pressure of 0.873 atm in a 10.0
L container. What is the molar mass of the compound? What is the molecular formula of
the compound?
d) Draw the Lewis structure for this compound and describe its geometry in words.