Sei sulla pagina 1di 13

Ch.

8-9: Bonding
AP Review Questions

**Read attached notes on isomers and coordination compounds.**

1) A chemist analyzed the carbon-carbon bond in


C2H6 and found that it had a bond energy of
350 kJ/mol and a bond length of 1.5
angstroms. If the chemist performed the same
analysis on the carbon-carbon bond in C2H2,
how would the results compare?
a) The bond energies and lengths for
C2H2 would be the same as those of
C2H6.
b) The bond energy for C2H2 would be
smaller and the bond length would be
shorter.
c) The bond energy for C2H2 would be
greater and the bond length would be
longer.
d) The bond energy for C2H2 would be
smaller and the bond length would be
longer.
e) The bond energy for C2H2 would be 3) Which of the following does not follow the
greater and the bond length would be octet rule?
shorter. a) PCl3 b) NO2 c) CO2 d) CO32- e) HCO31-

4) Which of the following violates the octet rule?


2) 2 HI(g) → H2(g) + I2(g)
a) NF3 b) IF3 c) PF3 d) SbF3 e) AsF3
For the reaction given above, ∆Ho is –50 kJ. Based
on the information given in the table below, what
is the average bond energy of the H-I bond?
Bond Average Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
H—H 440
I—I 150
a) 270 kJ/mol b) 540 kJ/mol c) 590 kJ/mol
d) 640 kJ/mol e) 1180 kJ/mol

**Exceptions to Octet Rule:


See #4 above: it does not follow the octet
rule (too many e-). It is stable, because it
uses the empty "d" orbitals for hybrid
orbitals. See #30: the NO does not follow
the octet rule, since it has an unpaired
electron. But it becomes stable by forming
a dimer. Then all parts have 8 electrons!
5) Which of the following is expected to have the 9) A linear molecule can have the general
largest dipole moment? formulas AA, AB, or AB2. Given a molecule
a) CH4 b) CO2 c) SF6 d) HCN e) Cl- with the general formula AB2, which one of
the following would be the most useful in
determining whether the molecule was bent or
linear?
a) ionization energies
b) electron affinities
c) dipole moments
d) electronegativities
e) bond energies

6) The most polar of the following molecules is


a) NH4+ b) SO42- c) CF4
d) CH3CH2OH e) CH3CH2CHO

7) The most polar covalent bond is found


between which two elements based on the
electronegativity of the elements?
a) C—N b) P—F c) S—O
d) Si—C e) O—P
10) Of the following molecules, which has the
largest dipole moment?
a) CO b) CO2 c) O2 d) HF e) F2

8) Under identical conditions, which of the


following gases is expected to deviate the most
from ideal gas behavior?
a) oxygen b) nitrogen c) methane
d) carbon dioxide e) water
11) Which of the following contains nine sigma
bonds and two pi bonds?
a) CCl2F2 b) HCN c) HCHO
d) CH3COOH e) CH2CHCHCH2

15) Which of the following contains exactly 18


valence electrons?
a) CO32- b) CO2 c) NO2 d) SO2 e) SO3

12) Which of the following molecules has more


than one pi bond?
a) CO2 b) SO2 c) NH3 d) C3H6 e) CH2O

13) The Lewis-Dot structure of an oxygen


molecule has 16) Which of the following has three resonance
a) one sigma bond b) one pi bond structures?
c) four nonbonded pairs a) H2SO4 b) NO2- c) SO3 d) HClO4 e) CO2
d) (a), (b), and (c)
e) (a) only

17) Which of the following has no resonance


structures?
a) CO32- b) CO2 c) NO2 d) SO2 e) SO3

14) Which of the following is used to describe the


interaction of orbitals to form pi bonds?
18) The shape of CH4 is explained using 23) How many of the following molecules have all
a) VSEPR theory b) Hund’s Rule of their atoms in the same plane?
c) transition state theory CH2CH2 F2O H2CO NH3 CO2
d) quantum numbers BeCl2 H2O2
e) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 e) 7

19) The bond angles about the carbon atom in the


formaldehyde molecule, H2C=O, are
approximately
a) 180 degrees b) 120 degrees
c) 90 degrees d) 60 degrees
e) 109 degrees

20) Which of the following is predicted to have a


square planar molecular structure?
a) TeBr4 b) BrF3 c) IF5 d) XeF4 e) SCl2

24) Types of hybridization exhibited by the C


atoms in propene, CH3CHCH2, include which
of the following?
I. sp II. sp2 III. sp3
a) I only b) III only
c) I and II only d) II and III only
e) I, II, and III

21) According to VSEPR, the repulsion between


four regions of high electron density on a
central atom are at a minimum when they
a) point to the four corners of a square
b) point to the four corners of a rectangle
c) have a tetrahedral geometry
d) are arranged at 90 degrees to each 25) What is the percentage of s-character in sp3
other hybrid orbitals?
e) have bi-pyramidal geometry a) 25 b) 33 c) 50 d) 66 e) 75

22) The geometry of the nitrate ion, NO3-, is best


described as a
a) tetrahedron
b) trigonal bipyramid
c) linear structure
d) triangular planar structure
e) square pyramid
26) A molecule whose atoms are arranged linearly Questions 30-34
could have a central atom with which of the a) SO2 b) SiH4 c) CO2 d) Be2 e) NO
following hybridizations?
I. sp II. sp3 III. dsp3 30) In which of the choices is there polar double
a) I only b) II only bonding in a nonpolar molecule?
c) I and II only d) I and III only 31) In which molecule(s) does resonance occur?
e) I, II, and III 32) In which molecule is the bond order 2 ½?
33) Which of the molecules has four sp3 hybrid
bonds?
34) Which molecule would you expect to be
unstable on the basis of molecular orbital theory?

27) Which of the following does not form sp3


hybrid orbitals?
a) carbon b) nitrogen c) hydrogen
d) oxygen e) sulfur

28) Which of the following contains an atom with


sp3 hybrid orbitals?
a) CH4 b) HCN c) H2 d) BH3 e) CO2

29) Which of the following has d2sp3 hybridization


with no unshared pairs on the central atom?
a) H2O b) NH3 c) CH4 d) SF6 e) XeF4
35) An unknown substance is placed into a hot Questions 37-40
flame. The color of the flame is a bright red. a) CO2 b) H2O c) SO2 d) NO2 e) O2
Which of the following substances is most likely to
be the unknown? 37) In this molecule, oxygen forms sp3 hybrid orbitals.
a) Cu(NO3)2 b) NaCl c) KCl 38) This molecule contains one unpaired electron.
d) LiCl e) Ba(NO3)2 39) This molecule contains no pi (π) bonds.
40) This molecule is the main product of
photosynthesis.

36) The melting point of MgS is higher than that of


KCl. Which of the following observations can explain
this?
I. Mg2+ has a greater positive charge than K+
II. S2- has a greater negative charge than Cl-
III. S2- has a smaller radius than Cl-
a) III only b) II and III only c) I and III only
d) I and II only e) I, II, and III
Questions 41-43 44) Dimethylether (CH3 O CH3) and ethyl alcohol
a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle (CH3CH2OH) are examples of
b) Shrodinger equation a) position isomerism
c) Hund’s Rule b) structural isomerism
d) X-ray diffraction c) stereo isomerism
e) Photoelectric effect d) (a) and (b)
e) optical isomerism
41) Can be used to predict the paramagnetism of
certain elements.
42) Predicts that it is impossible to simultaneously
know both the location and momentum of an electron.
43) Predicts the locations and orientations of atomic
orbitals.

45) What is the proper name of


[Co(NH3)5Br]Cl2?
a) Cobaltpentaamine bromodichloride
b) Pentaaminecobalt(III) bromodichloride
c) Dichlorocobalt(V) bromodichloride
d) Dichloropentaaminecobalt(III) bromide
e) Pentaaminebromocobalt(III) chloride
46) Which formula correctly represents the 48) Which of the following is not a complex ion?
diamminediaquadibromochromium(III) ion? a) Cr2O72- b) Ag(NH3)2+
a) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)2Br2]+ c) FeCl63- d) Cd(CN)42-
b) [(NH3)2(H2O)Br2Cr]3+ e) HgI4 2-

c) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)2Br2]3+
d) [(NH3)2(H2O)2Br2+Cr]+
e) [Cr(H2O)2(NH3)Br2]2+

47) Which of the following cannot be a complex ion?


a) Fe(CN)63- b) Cu(NH4)42+
4-
c) Co(Cl)6 d) AlF63-
-
e) AgCl2
Written Questions:
1) Give the total number of valence electrons in species. Indicate the number of valence
electrons on the central atom. Sketch and indicate the geometry of each of the following
species. Give the approximate bond angles. Show unshared electron pairs only when they
appear on the central atom.
a) BeF2
b) NO21-
c) Br31-
d) XeF4
2) Oxygen is found in the atmosphere as a diatomic gas, O2, and as ozone, O3.
a) Draw the Lewis structures for both molecules.
b) Use the principles of bonding and molecular structure to account for the fact that ozone has
a higher boiling point than diatomic oxygen.
c) Use the principles of bonding and molecular structure to account for the fact that ozone is
more soluble than diatomic oxygen in water.
d) Explain why the two bonds in O3 are the same length and are longer than the bond length of
the bond in diatomic oxygen.

3) Interpret each of the following four examples using modern bonding principles.
a) C2H2 and C2H6 both contain two carbon atoms. However, the bond between the two
carbons in C2H2 is significantly shorter than the bond between the two carbons in C2H6.
b) The bond angle in the hydronium ion, H3O+, is less than 109.5o, the angle of a tetrahedron.
c) The lengths of the bonds between the carbon and the oxygens in the carbonate ion, CO32-,
are all equal and are longer than one might expect to find in the carbon monoxide molecule,
CO.
d) The CNO- ion is linear.
4) Consider the molecules PF3 and PF5.
a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structures for PF3 and PF5 and predict the molecular geometry
of each.
b) Is the PF3 molecule polar, or is it nonpolar? Explain.
c) On the basis of bonding principles, predict whether each of the following compounds exists.
In each case, explain your prediction.
(i) NF5
(ii) AsF5
5) Explain each of the following observations in terms of the electronic structure and/or
bonding of the compounds involved.
a) At ordinary conditions, HF (normal boiling point = 20 oC) is a liquid, whereas HCl (normal
boiling point = -114 oC) is a gas.
b) Molecules of AsF3 are polar, whereas molecules of AsF5 are nonpolar.
c) The N—O bonds in the NO2- ion are equal in length, whereas they are unequal in HNO2.
d) For sulfur, the fluorides SF2, SF4, and SF6 are known to exist, whereas for oxygen only OF2
is known to exist.
6) 10.00g of a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen is burned in an insufficient
amount of oxygen to convert all the carbon to CO2. 12.86 g of water is formed along with
22.25 g of CO2. The only other substance left after the reaction is complete is CO.
a) What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?
b) How many grams of CO are formed?
c) At 25 oC the 10.00 g sample of the hydrocarbon alone had a pressure of 0.873 atm in a 10.0
L container. What is the molar mass of the compound? What is the molecular formula of
the compound?
d) Draw the Lewis structure for this compound and describe its geometry in words.

Potrebbero piacerti anche