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1. Calculate Vout(s)/V
Vout(s)/Vin(s).
in(s). plot Vo(t).
Vo(t). calculate time constant and pole frequency
frequency.
Vi(t) R
V
Vi(t) R C Vout(t)
0
2. In the following
following circuit
circuit plot iL(t), VL(t)
Vi(t) R L
V
Vi(t) R Vout(t)
0
3. Find Vo(t)
Vo(t) in the circuit below.
below.
Vo(t)
8k
1k 4k 4k 3k
0.6sin(wt) 0.4sin(wt)
1p
4. A system has
has an SNR of 60 dB. If an uncorrelated
uncorrelated noise
noise of 1 mV is added
added in a 1V of
signal to it, then what is the SNR?
1
5. Both ckts are equivalent. interms of Rs and Cs. Find ω range
equivalent. Express Rp and Cp interms range for
which these both are equivalent. Assume high quality factor.
Rs Rp Cp
Cs
Tcq = 1ns
D Q
Tsetup = 200ps
Tpd = 100ps
Clk Thold = 300ps
7. Plot Vout.
Vout.
10sin(wt) Vout(t)
8. Plot Vout
Vout with respect to the given input waveforms.
waveforms.
Vin2 Vout
3V 5V 1pF 1pF
Vin1
0
t
Vin1
3V Vin2
5V
0
t
t1
2
5. Both ckts are equivalent. interms of Rs and Cs. Find ω range
equivalent. Express Rp and Cp interms range for
which these both are equivalent. Assume high quality factor.
Rs Rp Cp
Cs
Tcq = 1ns
D Q
Tsetup = 200ps
Tpd = 100ps
Clk Thold = 300ps
7. Plot Vout.
Vout.
10sin(wt) Vout(t)
8. Plot Vout
Vout with respect to the given input waveforms.
waveforms.
Vin2 Vout
3V 5V 1pF 1pF
Vin1
0
t
Vin1
3V Vin2
5V
0
t
t1
2
9. Design a divide-by-3
divide-by-3 counter using
using D-flipflops. The duty cycle
cycle of the divided clock
clock
should be 2/3.
A A’
E’ E
A A’
E E’
R R R
10R
Vin = 0.1sin(wt)
Vout
Gm Gm Gm Gm
R C R C R C R C
3
13. Calculate the output impedance.
1M
Rout
500k
gm = 2uA/V
Rds=1M
500k
14. Both transistors are biased in saturation. Calculate “VA/Vin”. Neglect the body
effect.
Rd
Vin
A
Vin
Av Vout
1k
1k 1mA
4
16. If the following inverter biased in the middle of Vdd, what is the small signal gain?
(Answer: gm r o )
Vdd
Vin Vout
17. Crossection diagram of the inverter (be able to draw the contact of power supply and
ground)
18. From the crossection of the diagram, be able to draw the parasitic BJT leads to latch-
up.
19. How to prevent latch-up (do not forget guard ring, clampping circuits!)
21. For the following source follower, what is its -3dB bandwidth? How about it stabil-
ity?
Vo
Vi
22. For the following circuits, Vdd=5v, tell me what are Vo1 and Vo2 when Vin is 5V,
3V, 2.5V and 0V.
Vdd
Vin Vin
Vo1 Vo2
5
23. What are the effective resistance from source to drain of the following two transis-
tors? (The value of the resistance is R). Answer: both of them are 1/gm.
(a) (b)
24. In the following figure, if the two resisters are equal, what is its -3dB bandwidth?
Compare its stability with that of a source follower.
R2
R1
Vi
Vo
25. For the following circuit, if the input is a rail-to-rail square wave, plot the wave after
the inverter and vo.
Vdd
Vi Vo
26. For the following circuits, What is the gain? Using what technology to improve the
matching of the input transistors? If the bias current increase, what happens to the
gain? (Hit: Decrease!!!) What happens to the bandwidth? Replace the NMOS with
npn BJT and PMOS with pnp BJT, answer the above questions.(Now gain remains
constant with increasing biasing current!)
6
Vdd
Vb1
Vo− Vo+
Vin+ Vin
Vb2
27. For the following circuits, answer the questions again. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of these two amplifiers?
Vdd
Vo− Vo+
Vin+ Vin
Vb
28. You are porbing a square wave pulse in the lab that has a ris etime of 5 ns and fall
time of 2 ns. What is the minimum bandwidth of the oscilloscope to view the signal?
Answer: The time thay it takes an RC circuit to go from 10% to 90% of its final value
is t=ln9*RC. The bandwidth of the oscilloscope larger than BW = ln9/(2*pi*2ns)
= 174MHz. Choose a 200MHz or faster oscilloscope. To reduce error, choose a
oscolloscope 3 time faster than the calculated value, or 600MHz.
29. What is the low frequency gain of the following circuits? The input is the input
current Iin. Where does the dominant pole locate? How about the pole at node 1?
7
1
Iin
Vo
R C
30. For the following circuit, the threshold voltage of the transistor is 0.7V. Vb1=1v,
Vb2=2v, When Vin change from 5V to 0V, draw the current flow through the tran-
sistors VS Vin. (This question was supplied by Wang Ge)
Vin
Vb2 M2
Vb1 M1
31. For the following circuit, what is the gain of Vout/Vin? Where is the Feedback and
what is the function of feedback?
Vin Vout
Ib1 Ib2
8
32. For the following circuits, the small signal input is Iin, the small signal output is vout,
what is the small signaloutput? What is the gain?
Vout
C R
Vin Vout Vin Vout
R C
34. For the following circuit, at time 0, the switch switches from A to B, figure out the
voltage wave form at B.
1V C1 C2
9
35. For the following circuit, what is the voltage value at A and B? (The Vt of the tran-
sistor is 1V).
5V
5V C1 C2
36. The capacitor of the following figure is connected with two ideal MOS switches.
Switches T1 and T2 are alternately turned on with a frequency ffc. What is the
average current flowing from node 1 to node 2? What is the equivalent impedance
from node 1 to node 2?
T1 T2
V1 V2
C1
Vin Vout
10
38. How the following two circuits differ in their functionality and which one is a better
reference?
M3 M4 M3 M4
M1 M2 M1 M2
R R
1k
1k
Vin
+4V
Vout
t
Vin
−4V
1 2 21
’1’
Y
11
Vdd
Vout
Vdd
V1
43. How the diode should be doped for faster electron-hole collection at terminals.
12
44. In which region the capacitance C gs is maximum.
47. How the latchup and ESD robustness are affected with increased substrate doping?
48. I have not remembered this qestion exactly. Two different MOS structures are given
and asked to find about the sidewall and bottom capacitance.
I1 I2
50. Decreased drian doping results in (choose from the options below)
13
(b) Hot carrier reliability
(c) Decreases drain contact resistance
3V 3V
3V Vout
Vout
C= 1pF
Vin
3V
2V 100 uA
53. For an NMOS in saturation, the drain current depends on (choose from the options
below)
14
54. what is the output voltage after 5 seconds
Vdd
3V
0V
Vout
5uA 0.1pF
Vdd
I(t)
I(t)
t
Vo
R
C
20C
Vout Vout
2V 1V 2.5V
15
57. Frequency spectrum of ideal squrewave (choose from the options below)
(a) Only C 0 = 0
(b) Odd terms are zero
(c) Even terms are zero
58. Initially V1 = V2 = 1V and Vin = 0.7V. If Vin changes to 1.5V what are the final
states?
Vdd Vdd
Vin Vin
V1 V2
1pF 10 uA 1pF
59. what is the steady state output voltage, Threshold voltage is 0.5V
V Vout
2V 1V 3V
3V
Vin
3V
Vin Vout
0 t
16
(b) both decrease
(c) NM L increase N M H decrease
(d) NM L decrease NM H increase
S1 S2
Vin Vout
1/2 1/2
f f f f
−T +T −T
/2 +T/2 −T/2 +T/2 −T +T
(a) (b) (c) (d)
R G1 G1 C
H1 H1
17
66. A planar metal is used for an interconnect.Neglecting the fringing capacitance the
RC time constant will be
RC RC RC RC
W W W W
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3R 1.5R 1.5R
3C 1.5C 1.5C
(1) (2)
R R R
C C C
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
18
(a) both dopings are high
(b) both dopings are low
(c) one is high and other is low
(d) independent of doping
(a) XOR
(b) NOR
(c) XNOR
(d) NAND
73. For real discrete signal magnitude will be even/odd?—————–, Phase will be
even/odd?——————–
Vin
Vin
Vout
R R
t
a
c
b c
19
’1’ D Q D Q D Q D Q
R R R R
Clk
Vdd
Vout
Vin
Vout
Vin
t
80. Two clock domains 10MHz and 100MHz. One full period pulse is produced at 5th
clock cycle of 100MHz of pulse width equal to 1/100MHz. The pulse should be
received by 10MHz clock. Rig up the circuit.
20
81. There is a set of 5 bits a5, a4, a3, a2, a1. Set for mod 8 counter is
(a) a1
(b) a2, a1
(c) a3, a2, a1
(d) a4, a3, a2, a1
(e) a5, a4, a3, a2, a1
Rout1 Rout2
83. Determine i b ic ie and V b with β = 100 and V be = 0.7V for the circuit below.
, ,
Vdd
5k 0.1k
Vb
5k 0.1k
21
84. Determine gain of following circuita. Assume µ n = 2 µ p
4/1 4/1
Vout Vout
Vin
Vout
Vdd
Vb1
Vo− Vo+
Vin+ Vin
Vb2
22
87. Frequency response for an Open loop Opamp was given and the opamp was operated
as an inverting amplifier with gain -2. Plot the closed loop frequency response.
B D
A’
C E
D E
B C
A’
90. Size the remaining 4 transistors for the circuit below so that Iout = In.
Iin
Iin Iout
1/1
23
R1 R2 R=?
I1 I1 I1+I2
10c
Vin Vout
R
R C
gmp C gmp
Iout
gmn gmn
Vin
Ibias
94. The open-loop gain bandwidth product of an opamp is 200 MHz. If it is operating in
negative feedback mode with a closed loop gain of 2, then what is the bandwidth?
24
96. Calculate the current I through resistor.
1k
1V
∆V
Iout
Vin
Ibias
C Vout
R1
R2
25
99. Calculate Vout.
Vs
C
Vout
C R
Rmin
R C
C R
101. Two identical opamps having 3dB frequency f o are in cascade. Find the overall 3dB
frequency.
26
Td = 1ns min
Tcq = 0 2ns max Tcq = 0
Combinational
D D Q D Q
logic
Clk
Td = 1ns min
2ns max
Combinational
logic
(a) Input is 1
(b) Input is 0
(c) Input is toggling
1 2 3 n
I(t)
I(t)
R
Io
Vc(t)
C
t
to
27
107. Draw the bode plots for gain and phase.
1k 10k
A=10db A=10db
1p 10p
108. Plot the Gate Capacitance versus Gate voltage curves for MOSFETs at DC and high
frequencies.
R
Vin Vout
C
Ans:
A=10dB Vout
R
Vin
C
D 1
Clk
28
(a) level 0 transparent latch
(b) level 1 transparent latch
Rd
Vg
Rin
Vin
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Vout
Vin
t
i1 1k
Va
1k
2V
Vb
i2
1mA 1k
29