CHAPTER 1

Introduction

The Library is defined as the heart of every public and private schools or
institutions; it is where all types of books are found. The library is supposed to be the
source of all ideas where students can find all kinds of reading materials to further
enhance their comprehension.

Usually, a library is defined as a collection of books and periodicals. The

library can be also a studying place for students, because it is the place where silence
can be controlled.

Traditionally, library systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to

Librarian and they fill them of using pens. Afterwards, the school administrators
process them manually and complied on large bulky file cabinet. Indeed, the manual
Library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. The primary complaint of
school administrators with this system is the tiresome task of searching through
records just to verify your query data.

The fast phased of technology attributed a lot to the improvement of the

library system. Technology enabled software developers to computerize the library
system. The automated library system helped the academe greatly. Library,
transactions and queries can be created in a single click.

Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important
advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this
computerized world. These changes in effect make man’s life easier and more
convenient.
 The relationship between the library and computer is constantly changing that
the use of computer contributes to the way man learns and communicates. It easy in
this world to strive for changes and since library is no different from any firm and
institution, considering the use of computer to perform a given task will be efficient.

Librarians have the responsibility not only to know about the ways in which
libraries will be managed using techniques of computerized, but also to be aware of
the changes that computerized can bring to the library services in the near future.

1.1 Background of the Study

Libraries began to develop applications to automate the purchase, cataloging,

and circulation of books and other library materials. These applications, collectively
known as Integrated Library System (ILS) or library management system, included an
online catalog as the public interface to the system’s inventory. Most library catalogs,
then, are closely tied to their underlying ILS system.

The newest generation of library catalog systems are distinguished from

earlier OPAC’s by their use of more sophisticated search technologies,including
relevancy ranking and faceted search,as well as features aimed at greater user
interaction and participation with the system,including tagging and reviews.

A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement of its

library. _______________________________ Library System aimed to enhance the
procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized system.
 This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the library, i.e.,
lending of books, storing of books, search engine for books, manage members of the
library and secure the library system.

The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of
borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books.
They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference
materials.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to introduce the Online Public Access Catalog of

____________________.The existing system of the __________________has never
been automated, so problems such as misplacement of library materials and
misplacements of the Borrower’s Records are often experienced in the library. Even
though the librarian tries to keep everything in order, human errors can never be
predicted. The current manual processing of the library has been inaccurate and has
not been thoroughly effective, as of the records for the late returning and loss of
books could not be properly monitored, therefore inconsistency is one main problem
in terms of record keeping. Another setback for the current system of the library is
that whenever timely reports are needed, it could not be produced immediately as it
would be a time consuming task for the librarian to encode all the data needed and
especially the assigning of the Accession Numbers for each library material.
1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 General Objective

The objective of the study was to develop a computerized library

system that will store the student’s records such as student’s basic
information, books record, list of borrowers, returned books, borrowed books,
and prescriptions of the librarian.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

Specifically, the study aims to:

 To design a system that will lessen the time and effort of the
student in their transaction.

 Reduce manual action in monitoring/searching of library

books for the Librarian.
 To print out reports immediately.

 Prevents unauthorized personnel to access the data on

providing password only for the Librarian.
 To implement the system efficiency to the student.
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.4.1 Scope of the Study

The study was about the Computerized Library System for the
______________. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and
effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and printing
of records.

The system can also help in reducing the expenses of the library such
as papers, folders, pens and other materials needed in their current system. In
Borrowing of Books, the borrower shall access the system to find the desired
book. Returning of books, the librarian shall check the borrower’s account for
any penalty fee for an overdue book/.Automatic update of books whenever the
librarian will update any status of any library material/s it will be
automatically updated within the database. User management is where
security is provided for the users with password protection. Generating reports
the librarian is provided to either view or print timely reports.Library card is a
card provided by the library so that patrons can borrow a wide variety of
materials.

1.4.2 Limitation of the Study

The limitation of the study is the Payment Collection(penalty fee) in

which books that are lost, the borrower will be held responsible to pay for the
exact amount of the book. Another limitation is the Purchasing of Books,
where books within the library could not be sold.
1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of this study was to help and give a benefit to the concerned
group below.

This study will be beneficial to the following:

A .Students. Through a computerized library system, they can easily find the books
that they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a
library material. Convenience is more visible for it is not time-consuming, resulting to
a number of accomplished works.

B. Librarian. The computerized library system would improve the monitoring

capacities of those who maintain the library. It would be easier to determine whether
a particular book is on-shelf or not. In addition, they can easily identify when will the
borrowed material be returned and if a borrower has failed to return the book on its
due date. Furthermore, the librarian would be much guided when it comes to
recognizing new inventory books, letting them arrange it promptly and accordingly.

C. Faculty and Staff. The outcome of this study will provide the faculty(teachers
and staff) with the library’s complete list of reserved books and other resource
materials. And will provide a clear approach and focus on how OPAC system will
work and how it will radically change the way the school library will run and
organized.
1.6 Conceptual Framework / Theoretical Framework

A Computerized Library System identifies the modern process of technology,

on how it works quickly for the students/librarian.

Based on the objectives of the study and aforementioned theories and

concepts derived from the review of related literature and studies, the following
conceptual model of study was developed

The conceptual model of study is best illustrated on the paradigm of the input
box; it deals on knowledge requirements, Users Needs, Existing Applications,
Development Tools and Techniques, Technical Literature, Results of users survey,
expert advice, software, requirements, hardware requirements. It deals on the
perceptions towards the existing manual system and the proposed Computerized
Library System as to accuracy, user friendliness, security and speed of data and
information.

On the process box, it deals on the process of gathering data using

questionnaires and unstructured interviews, the different statistical tools as mean,
frequency, percentage, analysis of variance in order to test the significant difference
on the formulated hypothesis.

On the output frame, it deals on the final objective of the study which is the
development of the proposed Library System for the
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Knowledge
Requirements  Data gathering

 Users’ Needs  Procedure

 Existing Applications  Survey

 Development Tools
and Techniques
 Technical Literature
 Results of Users
Survey
Computerized Library
 Questionnaires
System
 Interviews
 Statistical tools
 Frequency

 Expert Advice  Mean

 Software  Weighted mean

.
 Requirements

 Hardware
Requirements

Evaluation and
Performance Test

(ISO/IEC 9126)

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of Study

Definition of Terms

Accession number – is a series of numbers which identifies each book.

Automated – the automatic control of production processes by an electronic

apparatus.

Circulation Books – a category that refers to a supplementary reference.

Computer (Hardware) – Computers open for public us. These computers

often have Internet access as well as word processing programs for the online
searching of the books. You can use the library computers on a regular basis, but
should follow some guidelines while operating them, approach the librarian.

Computerized Library system. - A computerized library system for a university

keeps track of all books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status.
Checkout and return are automated through a bar code reader (an external device).
The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores
information about the library users (students, faculty, and staff), including whether
they have any library items checked out. . Library users can access the catalog and
recall books and periodicals. Library employees have the same access as well as
additional capabilities (e.g., listing the status of an item).

Copyright – The legal exclusive rights which an author has to print publish and sell
his own works during a certain period of time.

End users – a person or group that is one of the ultimate consumers or users that a
product has been designed for.
Online – often refers to the Internet or the World Wide Web.

OPAC – Acronym for: Online Public Access Catalog, it is an automated system

exclusively for library use. It is an interactive search module of an automated library
management system. Any record is searched directly from the main window.

Software – is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the
instructions telling a computer what to do. We can also say Software refers to one or
more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some
purposes. Program software performs the function of the program it implements,
either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as
input to another piece of software.

Student Data – the Student Table in the Student Information System Database
(SISDB) contains a laundry list of information about students enrolled in a certain
institution.This list of information includes data such as home state and
country,gender,date of birth.

System – is a software system which has components as its structure and observable
Inter-process communications as its behavior.Example: catalogues,and various library
systems,of which the Dewey Decimal System is an example.This still fits with the
definition of components which are connected together(in this case in order to
facilitate the flow of information).