ORAL SURGERY - Chapter 4: Wound Repair

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1. incision or crushing Physical means of producing 11. Pain and Cardinal sign caused by histamine, kinins, and
tissue damage loss of prostaglandins released by leukocytes, as well
extremes of temperature or function as by pressure
irradiation
12. ... ...

desiccation 13. Activation This triggers the cellular phase of inflammation

of serum
obstruction of arterial component
inflow or venous outflow of tissue
plasma
2. unphysiologic pH or Chemical means of producing
tonicity injury 14. C3a and These act as chemotactic factors and cause
C5a polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) to
those that disrupt protein stick to the side of blood vessels (margination)
integrity and then migrate through the vessel walls
(diapedesis)
those that cause ischemia 15. Margination Occurs when leukocytes stick to the side of the
by producing vascular blood vessel
constriction or thrombosis
16. Diapedesis Occurs when leukocytes migrate through the
3. (1) inflammatory Basic stages of would healng vessel wall
17. lag phase The inflammatory stage is sometimes referred
(2) fibroplastic
to as the_____________, because this is the period
during which no significant gain in wound
(3) remodeling
strength occurs
4. As soon as tissue injury When does inflammatory
18. Fibrin The principal material holding a wound
occurs stage begin?
together during the inflammatory stage
5. 3-5 days How long does the
19. Ground Consists of several mucopolysaccharides,
inflammatory stage last in the
substance which act to cement collagen fibers together
absence of factors that
prolong it? 20. Third or When is the tropocollagen produced?
fourth day
6. (1)vascular Phases of the inflammatory
after tissue
stage
injury
(2) cellular
21. Fibronectin Helps stabilize fibrin
7. histamine These cause vasodilation
-
during inflammatory phaso of
prostaglandins E1 and E2x wound healing 22. Fibronectin Assists in recognizing foreign material that
should be removed by the immune system
8. Redness Cardinal sign of inflammation
23. Fibronectin Acts as a chemotactic factor for fibroblasts
swelling 24. Fibronectin Helps guide macrophages along fibrin strands
for eventual phagocytosis of fibrin by
warmth macrophages

pain 25. Wound Other name of remodeling stage

maturation
loss of function 26. Wound A final process, which begins near the end of
9. Warmth and erythema Cardinal sign caused by contraction fibroplasia and continues during the early
vasodilation - portion of remodeling

10. Swelling Cardinal sign caused by 27. Wound During this process, the edges of a wound
transudation of fluid contraction migrate toward each other
28. Foreign material Factors that impair wound healing 34. Secondary Method of wound healing that implies that a
intention gap is left between the edges of an incision
Necrotic tissue or laceration or between bone or nerve ends
after repair, or it implies that tissue loss has
Ischemia occurred in a wound that prevents
approximation of wound edges
Tension
35. Tertiary Refer to the healing of wounds through the
29. 1. bacteria can What are the three basic problems healing use of tissue grafts to cover large wounds
proliferate and cause caused by foreign materials? and bridge the gap between wound edges
an infection in which
36. Secondary Method of wound healing in tooth extraction
released bacterial
intention
proteins destroy host
tissue 37. (1) Sources of osteogenic cells
periosteum

2. nonbacterial foreign (2)

material acts as a endosteum
haven for bacteria by
sheltering them from (3) circulating
host defenses and thus pluripotential
promoting infection mesenchymal
cells
3. foreign material is 38. Monocyte Where are osteoclasts derived from?
often antigenic and precursor
can stimulate a chronic cells
inflammatory reaction
39. Secondary If a bone is fractured* and the free ends of
that decreases
intention - the bone are more than 1 millimeter (mm) or
fibroplasia
so apart, the bone heals by ______
30. Serves as barrier to What are the two problems caused
40. Primary Occurs when the bone is incompletely
the ingrowth of by necrotic tissue in wound
intention - fractured so that the fractured ends do not
reparative cells healing?
become separated from each other

Serves as a protected 41. Vascularity Factors important to proper bone healing

niche for bacteria and
Immobility
31. Tension Anything that holds the wound
edges apart 42. (1) healing of Wound healing around dental implants
bone to the involves the two basic factors
32. Primary intention Tw basic methods of wound
implant
Secondary intention healing
33. Primary intention Method of wound healing where (2) healing of
the edges of a wound in which alveolar soft
there is no tissue loss are placed tissue to the
and stabilized in essentially the implant
same anatomic position they held
before injury and are allowed to
heal
43. (1) a short distance between
bone and the implant
(2) viable bone at or near
the surface of bone along
the implant
(3) no movement of the
implant while bone is
attaching to its surface
(4) an implant surface
reasonably free of
contamination by organic or
inorganic materials
44. Inferior alveolar mental
nerve
Lingual nerve
45. 1. Mandibular (body)
fractures
Four factors for a successful 51. Axonotmesis - occurred when the continuity of the
implant axons, but not the epineural sheath,
is disrupted
52. Severe blunt trauma, Possible causes of axonotmesis
nerve crushing, or
extreme traction of a
nerve
53. Neurotmesis - most severe type of nerve injury,
involves a complete loss of nerve
continuity
54. Badly displaced Possible causes of neutromesis
fractures, severance
by bullets or knives
during an assault, or
Two branches of the by iatrogenic
trigeminal nerve injured most transection
commonly,for which the 55. Few days or weeks Time of recovery for neurapraxia
altered sensation is clinically
56. 2-6 months Time of recovery for axonotmesis
significant
57. 1) degeneration Two phases of nerve healing
Usual causes of inferior
alveolar mental nerve injury
2) regeneration

2. Preprosthetic surgical 58. Segmental Two types of degeneration

procedures demyelination and
Wallerian
3. Sagittal split osteotomy degeneration
surgery 59. Segmental Degeneration in which the myelin
demyelination sheath is dissolved in isolated
4. Mandibular resection for segments and causes a slowing of
oral neoplasms conduction velocity and may
prevent the transmission of some
5. Removal of impacted nerve impulses
lower third molars
60. Paresthesia Symptoms of segmental
46. Removal of oral Usual cause of lingual nerve demyelination
malignancies or impacted damage Dysesthesia
third molars
47. (1) neurapraxia Three types of nerve injuries hyperesthesia

(2) axonotmesis hypoesthesia

61. Paresthesia a spontaneous and subjective
(3) neurotmesis altered sensation that a patient does
48. Neurapraxia - the least severe form of not find painful
peripheral nerve injury 62. Dysesthesia a spontaneous and subjective
49. Neurapraxia - contusion of a nerve in which altered sensation that a patient finds
continuity of the epineural uncomfortable
sheath and the axons is 63. Hyperesthesia - excessive sensitivity of a nerve to
maintained stimulation
50. Blunt trauma or traction (i.e., Possible causes of 64. Hypoesthesia - decreased sensitivity of a nerve to
stretching) of a nerve, neurapraxia stimulation
inflammation around a
nerve, or local ischemia of a
nerve
65. Wallerian In this process, the axons and myelin sheath of the nerve distal to the site of nerve trunk interruption* (away from
degeneration - the central nervous system [CNS]) undergo disintegration in their entirety