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To cite this article: Shahram Saeidi, Mostafa Maroufpoor, Hamidreza Hajiqanbar & Omid Joharchi
(2019) Gaeolaelaps scarites sp. nov., a new laelapid mite (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with
Scarites terricola (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran, International Journal of Acarology, 45:3,
119-124, DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2018.1554701
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2018.1554701
Article views: 32
Gaeolaelaps scarites sp. nov., a new laelapid mite (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated
with Scarites terricola (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran
Shahram Saeidia, Mostafa Maroufpoora, Hamidreza Hajiqanbarb and Omid Joharchi c
aDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran; bDepartment of
Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; cTyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
CONTACT Omid Joharchi J.omid2000@gmail.com Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia; Mostafa Maroufpoor M.maroufpoor@uok.ac.ir
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
© 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Figure 1. Gaeolaelaps scarites Joharchi and Saeidi sp. nov., female: (a) dorsal idiosoma, (b) ventral idiosoma, (c) subcapitulum, (d) epistome, (e) chelicera.
ornamentation and expanded, ratio of shield width/length (at max- 18 pairs of smooth setae (including st4). Peritremes reaching to
imum length and broadest points) ≈ 2, posterior margin deeply anterior level of coxae I. Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows
concave; shield bearing three pairs of long setae which well reach-ing of denticles, each row with about 6–12 small teeth., palp tarsal
past base of next posterior setae. Opisthosomal membrane with apotele two-tined (Figure 2(e)). Fixed digit of chelicera with four
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY 121
Figure 2. DIC micrographs of Gaeolaelaps scarites Joharchi and Saeidi sp. nov., female: (a) idiosoma in dorsal view, (b) idiosoma in ventral
view, (c) subcapitulum, (d) epistome, (e) palp and apotel, (f) insemination structures.
122 S. SAEIDI ET AL.
Figure 3. Gaeolaelaps scarites Joharchi and Saeidi sp. nov., female: (a) leg II (trochanter-tibia), (b) leg III (trochanter-tibia), (c) leg IV.
teeth and movable digit bidentate. Tarsus IV without any elongate Jx in each specimen. All setae smooth, central setae short
setae. Seta ad1 in all femurs of legs strongly thickened. (25–38), never reaching past base of next posterior setae,
lateral setae clearly longer (52–61) and thicker than central
setae, j1 (47–50) long and tick (Figures 1(a) and 2(a)). Shield
Description. with 19 pairs of discernible pore-like structures, eight on
podonotum (id1, id4, id5, id6, gd1, gd2, gd5, gd6) and 11 on
Female (n = 6 specimens) opisthonotum (idm1–idm6, idx, is1, idl1, idl2 see Figures 1(a)
and 2(a)).
Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield oval shaped, 550–560 long,
332–345 wide at level of r3 (n = 6), covering whole idiosoma; Ventral idiosoma (Figures 1(b) and 2(b)). Tritosternum with paired
shield with reticulate pattern on the whole surface except pilose laciniae (100–110), columnar base 31–33 × 22–25 wide;
anteromedial region (Figures 1(a) and 2(a)). Shield with 39 presternal area with transverse sclerotized presternal lines.
pairs of setae, 22 pairs podonotal and 17 pairs opisthonotal, Sternal shield (length 98–108) narrowest between coxae II (114–
including two pairs of Zx setae between J and Z setae; 119), widest between coxa II-III (190–195), with straight anterior
opisthonotal region with two unpaired supernumerary seta. margin and posterior margin deeply concave, bears
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY 123
three pairs of smooth pointed setae (st1 61–63, st2 53–55, st3 Male. Unknown.
50–53), well reaching past base of next posterior setae, and two
pairs of lyrifissures, one pair adjacent to setae st1, the other Type material
between st2 and st3, surface of sternal shield with distinct reticu- Holotype, female, Garmeh Khani, Dehgolan, Kurdistan Province,
late ornamentation. Metasternal platelets absent, metasternal Iran, 38°43ʹN, 35°15ʹE, alt. 1850 m, 2 May 2015, S. Saeidi coll.,
setae st4 (42–45) and metasternal pores located on soft integu- on Scarites (Parallelomorphus) terricola Bonelli (Coleoptera:
ment. Endopodal plates II/III completely fused to sternal shield, Carabidae). Paratypes: five females same data as holotype.
endopodal plates III/IV elongate, narrow and curved. Genital
shield tongue-shaped, slightly protruding laterally at the level
Type deposition
posterior to setae st5, length 240–252, maximum width 95–100,
Holotype and one paratype of the new species are deposited
posterior margin rounded, surface reticulate, with several trans-
in the Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, College of Agriculture,
verse and longitudinal markings and a pair of simple setae st5
University of Tehran, Iran. Two paratypes are deposited in the
(42–45). Shield flanked by a pair of minute narrow platelets;
Acarological Collection, Department of Plant Protection, Yazd
paragenital pores located on soft cuticle lateral to shield near seta
Branch, Islamic Azad University and also two paratypes in the
st5. Anal shield rounded anteriorly and triangular posteriorly,
Acarological Collection at Department of Agricultural
length 94–96, width 73–78, anterior half with lineate ornamenta-
Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
tion, para-anal setae (27–29) shorter than post-anal seta (30–35),
cribrum small, anal pores flank anal shield. Opisthogastric skin
with pair of sub-triangular metapodal plates (25–27 long × 10–12 Etymology
wide), and 18 pairs of smooth setae (37–45) (including st4) and The name of this species refers to its occurrence on beetles of
six pairs of poroids including iv3, iv5, gv2 and ivp. Exopodal plates the genus Scarites.
forming subtriangular extensions behind coxae IV and bearing gv2
in one side (holotype). Peritreme extending to anterior level of Differential diagnosis
coxa I (near s1), peritrematal shield narrow, free from exopodal This species is similar to G. saboorii Joharchi and Babaeian, 2014
shields, each shield bearing five discernible pore-like structures, a in general appearance. The new species can be readily distin-
lyrifissure ip and a gland pore gp at level of coxa II, two lyrifissures guished from it by the following characters: central dorsal setae
ip and a gland pore gp on post-stigmatic section and also a large much shorter, never extending adjoining base of next posterior
pore-like structure within peritreme at level of coxa III (Figures 1(b) setae (longer and extending adjoining base of next posterior
and 2(b)). setae in G. saboorii), presternal area with well transverse sclero-
tized presternal lines and sternal shield with distinct reticulate
Gnathosoma (Figure 1(c, d, e) and 2(c, d, e)). Epistome triangular ornamentation, posterior margin deeply concave; shield bearing
(with a median projection), irregularly denticulate laterally or three pairs of long setae which well reaching past base of next
almost smooth with a few denticles (Figures 1(d) and 2(d)). posterior setae (presternal area with transverse lightly sclerotized
Hypostomal groove with six transverse rows of denticles, each presternal lines, anterolateral surface of shield with polygonal
row with about 6–12 small teeth. Hypostome with four pairs of ornamentation and posteromedian region smooth, posterior mar-
setae, internal posterior hypostomal setae h3 longest (48–50), h1 gin of sternal shield with a strong semicircular dent and sternal
(33–36), h2 (23–25), palpcoxal h4 (38–40) (Figures 1(c) and 2(c)). setae never reaching to base of next posterior seta).
Corniculi robust and horn-like, reaching mid-level of palp femur.
Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter 2, femur 5, genu 6, tibia 14, tarsus
15, genu with a distinct dorso-distal triangular condyle, all setae Discussion
smooth and needle-like, palp tarsal apotele two-tined (Figure Gaeolaelaps scarites is morphologically most similar to other
2(e)). Fixed digit of chelicera with four teeth: a large tooth at the Gaeolaelaps species, which were collected from arthropods (or
level of a short, setiform pilus dentilis, two adjoining small teeth their nests), in sharing a low length/width dorsal shield ratio (ca.
and a proximal tooth, dorsal seta thick and prostrate, movable 1.6) and a sternal shield that is broader than its length. However,
digit bidentate, arthrodial membrane with a rounded flap, normal it lacks the reduced dorsal setation and modified leg setae noted
fila-ments and cheliceral lyrifissures indistinct (Figure 1(e)). in some arthropod-associated Gaeolaelaps (Beaulieu 2009).
However, these features are all lacking in G. carabidophilus,
Insemination structures (Figure 2(f)). Laelapid-type sperm which is one of the more extraordinary arthropod-associated
access system, tubulus long, wider at the solenostome level of Gaeolaelaps due to its highly swollen body, suggesting a close
coxa III and entering sacculus via a pair of circular openings. and possibly parasitic relationship with its host.
Sacculus irregular, the proximal ends of the tubulus slightly Kazemi et al. (2014) and Nemati et al. (2018) excluded
swollen at junction with ramus. Gaeolaelaps saboorii Joharchi and Babaeian, 2014 from Gaeolaelaps
and put it in the Cosmolaelaps and Hypoaspis sensu lato,
Legs (Figure 3(a–c)). Legs II and III short (430–460, 418–440), respectively. This decision was based on its elongate epistome with
I and IV longer (530–536, 548–552) (excluding pretarsus). an almost entirely smooth margin, its peritrematal shield free anteriorly
Chaetotaxy normal for free-living Laelapidae: Leg I: coxa 0-0/1, and its internal malae characterized by long, blunt fringes. However,
0/1-0, trochanter 1-0/2, 1/1-1 (pl thick), femur 2-2/1, 3/3-2 (ad1 this species also has the main characters of Gaeolaelaps (dorsal
thicker than the other setae on segment), genu 2–3/2, 3/1–2 shield bearing 39 pairs of simple setae, genital shield tongue-shaped,
(dorsal setae thick), tibia 2-3/2, 3/1-2 (lateral setae longer than the not markedly broadened posteriorly, bearing a pair of setae, epistome
other setae on segment). Leg II (Figure 3(a)): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, margin subtriangular and has few denticles; six deutosternal rows and
trochanter 1-0/1, 0/2-1 (av and pv2 on small tubercles), femur 2-3/ nine setae on genu IV (pl2 absent)), so this species fits into this genus
1, 2/2-1 (ad1 strongly thickened), genu 2-3/1, 2/1-2, tibia 2-2/1, 2/ better than any other genera of Hypoaspidinae such Cosmolaelaps or
1-2. Leg III (Figure 3(b)): coxa 0-0/1, 0/1-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/1-1, Laelaspis, so we consider it again as a member of Gaeolaelaps.
femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1 (ad1 thickened), genu 2-2/1, 2/1-1, tibia: 2-1/1, Scarites sensu stricto (Coleoptera: Carabidae) beetles are known
2/1-1. Leg IV (Figure 3(c)): coxa 0-0/1, 0/0-0, trochanter 1-1/1, 0/ generally as the big-headed ground beetles and are easily identified
1-1, femur 1-2/1, 1/0-1 (ad1 strongly thickened and ad2 on small by huge jaws and deeply striated elytra. The genus includes about
tubercle), genu 2-2/1, 3/0-1, tibia 2-1/1, 3/1-2. Tarsi II–IV with 18 130 species in all zoogeographical regions except the Australian
setae (3-3/2, 3/2-3 +mv, md). All pretarsi with well-developed (Bousquet and Skelley 2010). These beetles can often be found under
paired claws and rounded pulvilli and a long thin stalk. loose rocks and logs and the adult beetles are prey on small
124 S. SAEIDI ET AL.
slow-moving animals, like lepidopteran caterpillars, coleopteran Fain A, Noti MI, Dufrene M. 1995. Observations on the mites
lar-vae, earthworms, and slugs (Yamazaki and Sugiura 2006). (Acari) associated with Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Belgium.
The ecolo-gical role of these mites is unknown. None of the mites I. Annotated List of the Species. International Journal of
were swollen and only adult females were found on the beetle, so Acarology. 21:107–122.
it seems unlikely they are parasitic. Like other Gaeolaelaps, they Faraji F, Halliday B. 2009. Five new species of mites (Acari:
are probably predators of small invertebrates, but are restricted to Laelapidae) associated with large Australian cockroaches
the in the microhabitats created by the beetles (Costa 1971; (Blattodea: Blaberidae). International Journal of Acarology
Joharchi and Halliday 2011). We stress that experimental work is 35:245–264. doi:10.1080/01647950903059445
needed establish the true ecological role of these mites. Felska M, Wohltmann A, Mąkol J. 2018. A synopsis of host-para-
site associations between Trombidioidea (Trombidiformes:
Prostigmata, Parasitengona) and arthropod hosts. Systematic
Acknowledgments & Applied Acarology 23:1375–1479. doi:10.11158/saa.23.7.14
We gratefully acknowledge Dr Owen D. Seeman (Queensland Hunter PE, Rosario RMT. 1988. Associations of Mesostigmata with
Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia), for other arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology. 33:393–417.
reviewing and constructive comments on the manuscript. Joharchi O, Babaeian E. 2014. A new species of Gaeolaelaps
Evans and Till (Acari: Laelapidae) on Acinopus sp. (Coleoptera:
Carabidae) from Iran. Acarologia 54:89–95. doi:10.1051/acaro-
Disclosure statement logia/20142119
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Joharchi O, Halliday B. 2011. New species and new records
of mites of the family Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)
associated with Coleoptera in Iran. Zootaxa. 2883:23–38.
Funding
Karg W. 1993. Raubmilben der Hypoaspididae, Laelapidae und
This work was supported by the University of Kurdistan [MSc thesis]. Phytoseiidae auf dem Galapagos-Archipel (Acarina,
Parasitiformes). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum
in Berlin 69:261–284. doi:10.1002/mmnz.19930690207
ORCID
Kazemi S, Rajaei A, Beaulieu F. 2014. Two new species of
Omid Joharchi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-4946
Gaeolaelaps (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Iran,
with a revised generic concept and notes on significant
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