TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................................................1

I. OBLIGATIONS .................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
A. IN GENERAL .................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
PRESCRIPTION OF ACTIONS ............................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1. FLORO MERCENE vs. GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM, G.R. No. 192971,
January 10, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. SPECIFIED CONTRACTORS & DEVT., INC., and SPOUSES ARCHITECT ENRIQUE OLONAN
vs JOSE POBOCAN, G.R. No. 212472, January 11, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) ............Error! Bookmark not
defined.
3. AMPARO S. CRUZ, et al. vs ANGELITO S. CRUZ, et al., G.R NO. 211153;
February 28, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) …………………………………………….……………..8
4. LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES VS. HEREDEROS DE CIRIACO CHUNACO
DISTILERIA, INC., G.R. NO. 206992, June 11, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) ……………………………9
B. SOURCES OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS ..................................... 11ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
LAW......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5. ASTRID A. VAN DE BRUG VS. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK (PNB)
G.R NO. 207004, JUNE 06, 2018 (SECOND DIVISION) .............................................................................. 11
Quasi-Contracts………………………………………………………………………………………13
6. H. VILLARICA PAWNSHOP VS. SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION
G.R NO. 228087, JANUARY 24, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION)………………….……………….13
7. ROSEMARIE Q. REY vs. CESAR G. ANSON, G.R. NO. 211206,
NOVEMBER 07, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) ……………………………………….…………..15
C. KINDS OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS ................................................................................................................. 17
AS TO PERFECTION AND EXTINGUISHMENT ......................................................................................................... 17
8. LILY S. VILLAMIL, SUBSTITUTED BY HER HEIRS RUDY E. VILLAMIL, ET AL. vs. SPOUSES
ERGUIZA, G.R. NO. 195999, JUNE 20, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) .............................................................. 17
9. FEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION vs. LUWALHATI R. ANTONINO
G.R NO. 199455, JUNE 27, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION)………………………………………..18
D. BREACH OF OBLIGATIONS ....................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
MANNER OF BREACH ..................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
10. DR. CONSOLACION S. CALLANG vs. COMMISSION ON AUDIT
G.R. NO. 210683, JANUARY 8, 2019 (THIRD DIVISION) ………………………………….20
DELAY ............................................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
11. SPS. FRANCISCO ONG AND BETTY LIM ONG vs. BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK
GR No. 208638, January 24, 2018 (SECOND DIVISION)………………………………………………21
E. MODES OF EXTINGUISHMENT OF OBLIGATIONS ............ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1. PAYMENT OR PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................................................. 23
12. DEMOSTHENES R. ARBILON vs. SOFRONIO MANLANGIT
G.R. No. 197920, January 22, 2018 (FIRST
DIVISION)…………………………………………........…..Error! Bookmark not defined.
13. SPOUSES CELONES vs. METROPOLITAN BANK AND TRUST COMPANY AND
 ATTY. CRISOLITO DIONIDO G.R. NO. 215691,
November 21, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) ………………………………………………………25

Special Forms of Payment……………………………………………………………….….……27

Dation in Payment………………………………………………………………………………………………27
14. DESIDERIO DALISAY INVESTMENTS, INC. vs. SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
G.R. NO. 231053, APRIL 04, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) ……………………………..…………………...28
2. Loss of the Thing Due or Impossibility of Performance…………………………………………29
15. SM INVESTMENTS CORPORATION vs. MAC GRAPHICS CARRANZ
INTERNATIONAL CORP, G.R Nos. 224131-32; June 25, 2018 (SECOND DIVISION)…….29

II. CONTRACTS .................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

A. IN GENERAL …………………………………………………………………………………………………...31
16. ROLANDO DE ROCA vs. EDUARDO C. DABUYAN, G.R No. 215281, March 05, 2018
(FIRST DIVISION)……………………………………………………....……………………………………………………………….31
17. DALE STRICKLAND vs. ERNST, GR NO. 193782, AUGUST 01, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION)……………………32
18. MILAGROS P. ENRIQUEZ vs. THE MERCANTILE INSURANCE CO., INC.
GR NO. 193782, AUGUST 01, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION)…………………………………………………………………34
B. FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS/ PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACTS……………………………36
1. MUTUALITY OF CONTRACTS .............................................................................................................................. 36
19. SECURITY BANK CORPORATION vs. SPS. RODRIGO AND ERLINDA MERCADO
G.R No. 192934, June 27, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION)……………………………...……………………….36
20. VILLA CRISTA MONTE REALTY & DEV’T CORP. vs.EQUITABLE PCI BANK
G.R. No. 208336, November 21, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION)……………………………………………….38
2. Relativity of Contracts………………………………………………………………………….….40
21. EXCELLENT ESSENTIALS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION vs.
EXTRA EXCEL INTERNATIONAL PHILIPPINES, INC.,
G.R. No. 192797, April 18, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) ………………………………………40
C. STAGES OF CONTRACTS .............................................................................................................................. 42
22. DESIDERIO DALISAY INVESTMENTS, INC. vs. SSS,
G.R. NO. 231053, APRIL 04, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) .......................................................................... 42
D. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CONTRACTS ................................................................................................ 44
1. CONSENT OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES ................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
23. METRO RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION vs. GAMMON PHILIPPINES, INC.
G.R. NO. 200401, JANUARY 17, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
24. COCA-COLA BOTTLERS PHILS., INC. vs. SPOUSES EFREN AND LOLITA SORIANO,
G.R. No. 211232, April 11, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) …………………………………………………………………..46

SPECIAL CONTRACTS ....................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

A. SALES ................................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1. IN GENERAL ................................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
 19. VICTORIA N. RACELIS, IN HER CAPACITY AS ADMINISTRATOR, V. SPOUSES GERMIL
JAVIER AND REBECCA JAVIER, G.R. No. 189609, January 29, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) .............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
ELEMENTS ....................................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
20. VICTORIA N. RACELIS, IN HER CAPACITY AS ADMINISTRATOR, V. SPOUSES GERMIL
JAVIER AND REBECCA JAVIER, G.R. No. 189609, January 29, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) .............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3. OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER/ BUYER ...................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
21. JOSEPH HARRY WALTER POOLE-BLUNDEN vs. UNION BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES,
G.R. No. 205838 November 29, 2017 (THIRD DIVISION) ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
C. LEASE ................................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3. OBLIGATIONS OF LESSOR/ LESSEE ............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
22. VICTORIA N. RACELIS, IN HER CAPACITY AS ADMINISTRATOR, V. SPOUSES GERMIL
JAVIER AND REBECCA JAVIER, G.R. No. 189609, January 29, 2018 (THIRD DIVISION) .............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
G. GUARANTY AND SURETYSHIP ................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3. EFFECTS OF GUARANTY .............................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
23. RAMON E. REYES and CLARA R. PASTOR vs. BANCOM DEVELOPMENT CORP.,
Respondent, G.R. No. 190286, January 11, 2018 (FIRST DIVISION) ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
H. PLEDGE, MORTGAGE, AND ANTICHRESIS ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
2. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS ................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
24. PARADIGM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES vs. BANK OF THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, G.R. No. 191174, June 7, 2017 (THIRD DIVISION) ............Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4. EXTINGUISHMENTS/ FORECLOSURES......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
25. SPOUSES FRANCISCO ONG AND BETTY LIM ONG, AND SPOUSES JOSEPH ONG
CHUAN AND ESPERANZA ONG CHUAN, vs. BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK, INC., G.R. No.
208638, January 24, 2018 (SECOND DIVISION) ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
26. SPS. FELIX A. CHUA and CARMEN L. CHUA, JAMES B. HERRERA, EDUARDO L.
ALMENDRAS, MILA NG ROXAS, EUGENE C. LEE, EDICER H. ALMENDRAS, BENEDICT C. LEE,
LOURDES C. NG, LUCENA INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, LUCENA GRAND CENTRAL
TERMINAL, INC., represented by FELIX A. CHUA, vs. UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK, ASSET
POOL A (SPVAMC), REVERE REALTY AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, JOSE C. GO and the
REGISTRAR OF DEEDS OF LUCENA CITY,G.R. No. 215999, August 16, 2017 (THIRD DIVISION)
Error! Bookmark not defined.
SPECIAL CONTRACTS/ PREPARATORY CONTRACTS ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
(BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS AND RELATIONS) ....................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
I. AGENCY .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
3. OBLIGATION OF THE AGENT/PRINCIPAL ..................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
27. CITYSTATE SAVINGS BANK v. TERESITA TOBIAS AND SHELLIDIE VALDEZ, G.R. No.
227990, March 07, 2018, (SECOND DIVISION) ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
K. TRUSTS .............................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1. IN GENERAL ................................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
28. SPS. FELIX A. CHUA and CARMEN L. CHUA, JAMES B. HERRERA, EDUARDO L.
ALMENDRAS, MILA NG ROXAS, EUGENE C. LEE, EDICER H. ALMENDRAS, BENEDICT C. LEE,
 LOURDES C. NG, LUCENA INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, LUCENA GRAND CENTRAL
TERMINAL, INC., represented by FELIX A. CHUA, vs. UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK, ASSET
POOL A (SPVAMC), REVERE REALTY AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, JOSE C. GO and the
REGISTRAR OF DEEDS OF LUCENA CITY,G.R. No. 215999, August 16, 2017 (THIRD DIVISION)
Error! Bookmark not defined.
III. EXTRA-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ............................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
E. QUASI-DELICTS .......................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
29. ST. MARTIN POLYCLINIC, INC., PETITIONER, V. LWV CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION,
RESPONDENT, G.R. No. 217426, December 04, 2017 (SECOND DIVISION ) ..........Error! Bookmark not
defined.
30. AL DELA CRUZ vs. CAPT. RENATO OCTA VIANO and WILMA OCTA VIANO, G.R. No.
219649, July 26, 2017 (SECOND DIVISION) ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
IV. DAMAGES ....................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
KINDS OF DAMAGES ....................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
31. SPOUSES FRANCISCO ONG AND BETTY LIM ONG, AND SPOUSES JOSEPH ONG
CHUAN AND ESPERANZA ONG CHUAN, vs. BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK, INC., G.R. No.
208638, January 24, 2018 (SECOND DIVISION) ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
32. AL DELA CRUZ vs. CAPT. RENATO OCTA VIANO and WILMA OCTA VIANO, G.R. No.
219649, July 26, 2017 (SECOND DIVISION) ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
33. SWIRE REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION V. SPECIALTY CONTRACTS GENERAL
AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES, INC. AND JOSE JAVELLANA, G.R. No. 188027, August 09, 2017
(THIRD DIVISION) .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.