CREATIVE WRITING 3.

Street Play - is a performance piece in outdoor

public spaces without a specific paying audience
DRAMA – deals with the art of play production. 4. Puppet Play - uses puppets of many types
including glove or hand puppets, rod puppets
PLAY - is a literary genre written by a playwright, usually
5. Dance Drama - is a drama conveyed by dance
consisting of dialogues between characters.
movements and sometimes accompanied by
dialogue
 Straight Play – Hamlet by William Shakespeare.
6. Shadow Play - already know what a musical play
 Musical Play – Miss Saigon
is it has songs, dances, and music
 Playlet – Short plays/school plays.
Types of Plays According To Medium
Types of Plays According To Theme
1. Stage Play - performed on a stage
1. Tragedy - is a play that is more serious and deals
2. Screen Play - play meant to be made into a
with darker themes, usually marked by a sad and
movie
depressing ending
3. Teleplay - made for television
2. Comedy - is play that is meant to be humorous
4. Radio Play - radio broadcast
with a happy and vivacious ending
a. Satire - is a comedy play that takes a MODULE 12
comic look at people
b. Burlesque - is comedy play that tries Dramatic Structure and Dramatic Writing
to make people laugh by caricaturing
the spirit of serious works 1. Objective - character’s urgent want, need, or
c. Farce - is a generally nonsensical, desire.
overacted comedy play that often uses 2. Obstacle - strong resistance an impediment or
slapstick humor another character’s action.
d. Comedy Of Manners - is a comedy 3. Conflict - begins when your character want
play that satirizes the manners and something.
pretentiousness of a social class 4. Dramatic Action - is the journey the trajectory,
e. Melodrama - is a tragedy where you the events and happenings that your character
exaggerate sensational and romantic takes.
topics to play with your readers
f. Tragicomedy - is what you get when PSN Approach to Writing a Ten-Minute Play
you blend aspects of both tragedy and
1. Theme/Subject – passion.
comedy
2. Characters – portrayer of action.
Types of Plays According To Length 3. Plot – intersection of stories of individual
characters.
1. One Act Play - seriously consider something with 4. Setting – place where the story involves.
a 30 minute 5. Conflict – objective + obstacle.
2. Ten Minute Play - it is not a sketch or an 6. Storyline – plot in single sentence.
extended joke but a very short play with
beginning, middle, end MODULE 15
3. Full Length Play - 70-80 minutes, aka “evening
Theater - elements of the whole theatrical production to
length play”.
include architecture, scenery, acting, advertising.
Types of Plays According To Modality
Drama - refers mainly to the plays and dramatic text or
1. Closet Drama - is a play that is not meant to be dramatic literature.
performed onstage
Qualities of a Good Play
2. Monodrama - piece played by a single actress
usually portraying one character 1. Credibility – a play that is internally consistent.
 2. Intrigue – makes the audience curious. PSN Techniques in Haiku Writing
3. Speakability – technical limitations.
4. Stageability – technical limitations. 1. Comparison Technique - haiku simply compares
5. Flow – continuous stream of information. a pair of Siamese twins conjoined at the hip.
6. Richness – sense of satisfaction. 2. Contrast Technique - heavy rain is never quiet.
7. Gravity – serious and lasting significance. 3. Riddle Technique - haiku is just stating a puzzle
8. Pertinence – relates to the audience’s personal in a intriguing question.
concerns. 4. Metaphor Technique - if you do not see a
9. Compression – the frame was well-maximized. Filipino meal in the poem, you can’t be helped.
10. Economy – “compression”. 5. Sabi Technique - the Japanese sentiment of
11. Intensity – quality of the play which shows loneliness and misery.
“impact”. 6. Yugen Technique - the Japanese sentiment of
12. Celebration – fundamental aspirations beyond mystery.
art. 7. Mirror Technique - the conceit in this haiku is to
find a balanced connection between the first and
Elements of Poetry third lines.

1. Theme – idea. Types of Poetry

2. Rhyme – repeating similar sounds.
3. Meter – basic rhythmic structure of a poem. 1. Modern Poetry - emerged as a reaction to the
rigid rules of meter and rhyme required
Poetic Forms/Modern Poetry conventional forms.
2. Conceptual Poetry - it is poetry that focuses
1. Haiku – Japanese tercet (3 lines) with a total of more on the initial concept rather than final
17 syllables. product.
2. Diona – Filipino tercet (3 lines) of heptasyllable 3. Visual Poetry - is poetry in which the visual
(7 syllable) lines. arrangement of the text, images, and symbols.
3. Tanaga – Monorhyming quatrain (4 lines) of
heptasyllable (7 syllable) lines. Intertextuality – interrelationship between hypertext and
4. Villanelle – Five tercets (3 liners) and a quatrain. hypotext.
Consists of 19 lines all in all.
5. Sonnet – a poem that contains of 14 lines and a Types of Intextextuality
couplet.
1. Obligatory – intentional association or
Francisco Petrarch – invented the sonnet. Most famous comparison. Collection.
sonneteer in Italy. 2. Optional – connection of texts may
not be recognized by readers. It’s up to
William Shakespeare – most famous sonneteer in England. you if you will read the texts.
Created a total of 154 sonnets. 126 of his sonnets are 3. Accidental – connections discovered
written for mystery man. 28 of his sonnets is written to his by the readers themselves.
wife.
Traditional Plotting
Giacomo de Lentini – invented the name “sonnet”.
1. Part One – (orientation) (exposition &
MODULE 16 foreshadow).
2. Part Two – (disorientation) (conflict & climax).
Tone - your use of the various literary techniques and 3. Part Three – (re-orientation) (resolution &
devices that you have already learned ending).

Poetry - a metered composition, usually concerned with Dialogue – conversation between two or more people.
imagery and/or feeling.
Monologue – lengthly speech by a single character.
Soliloguy – spoken when no one is on stage.

Aside – spoken off for the audience but not for the other
characters.

Types of Intertextual Figures

1. Allusion – the use of names of famous

characters as reference.
2. Parody – it imitates or mocks a serious work of
literature.
3. Quotation – reference statement by famous
people.
4. Pastiche – imitation.

In Media Res – into the middle of things (present).

Deus Ex Machina – god from the machine.

Son – song.

Volta – the turn.

Caesora – strong pause within a line.

Enjambment – continuation of a line or couplet into the

next.
PAGSULAT SA FILIPINO
MODULE 10
Akademikong Pagsulat Para sa Pagtatrabaho – isang uri
ng propesyonal na komunikasyon. Karaniwang sa ingles
nakasulat ang mga sulating pantrabaho sa mga ahensiya
ng pamahalaan.
Korespondensiya Opisyal – o business correspondence.
Ang mga nasa opisina o nasa iba pang lugar ng
pagtatrabaho ay nagsusulat din at tumatanggap sa
kanilang araw-araw na transaksiyon.
MODULE 13
Agenda – listahan ng gagawing pagpupulong.

Executive Order no. 335, s. 1988 – Naglalayong Nilalaman ng Agenda

palaganapin ang paggamit ng wikang Filipino sa mga
opisyal na transaksiyon at korespondensiya sa mga
tanggapan ng pamahalaan.
Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino – Sila ang masigasig na
gumagawa ng hakbang para sa pagpapatupad ng Executive
Order No. 335, s. 1988.
Knapp, 2006 – Isa sa mga pangunahing layunin ng pagsulat
para sa pagtatrabaho ang mabasa ito nang mabilis at
maiparating ang mensahe.
 Saan at kalian idaraos ang pagpupulong?
 Anu-ano ang mga layuning inaasahang matamo
sa pulong?
 Anu=anong mga paksa o usapin ang tatalakayin?
 Sinu-sino ang mga lalahok sa pagpupulong?
MODULE 14
Pagsulat ng Katitikan ng Pulong – naglalaman ng
mahahalagang dokumento.

Taylor, 2013 – Ngayon, mas maikli at maunawaan ang Gabay sa Pagsulat ng Katitikan ng Pulong
mensahe dahil sa paggamit ng mga simpleng salita at hindi
kumplikadong pangungusap. Dahil sa mga pagbabagong  Bago ang pulong
ito, nagging isang mahalagang kasanayan ang pagsulat  Habang nagpupulong
para sa pagtatrabaho. Masasabing mas marami nang oras  Pagkatapos ng pulong
ang iginugugol ng mga nagtatrabaho sa pagsulat kumpara
MODULE 15
noon.

Press Release – pinaghalong balita o advertising. Bahagi ng

MODULE 11
estratehiya upang ipaalam sa publiko ang mahahalagang
Pagsulat ng Resume at Liham-Aplikasyon – dalawa sa mga nangyayari sa organisasyon.
pinakamahalang dokumento kung mag-aaplay ng trabaho,
Balita – obhetibong paglalahad ng mga impormasyong
papasok sa gradwadong programa sa unibersidad, mag-
mahalaga sa mga mambabasa.
aaplay para sa fellowship o grant, sasali sa pagtimpalak, at
iba pa.
MODULE 16
Resume – naglalaman ng impormasyong patungkol sa
Mga Bahagi ng Panukalang Proyekto
edukasyon. Mga naunang trabaho, parangal, kaugnay na
kakayahan, at iba pang kwalipikasyon o kagalingan. 1. Pamagat
2. Proponent ng Proyekto
Liham-Aplikasyon – inaalam ang ilang personal na
3. Kategorya ng Proyekto
impormasyon kasama na ang mga dahilan kung bakit nag-
4. Petsa
aaplay ng posisyon sa kanila.
5. Rasyonal
6. Deskripsiyon ng Proyekto
MODULE 12
7. Badyet
Personal na Korespondensiya – ipinaaalam natin sa ating 8. Pakinabang
mga kaibigan, kamag-anak, at iba pang mahal sa buhay
ang ating nararamdaman

Korespondensiya – ang komunikasyon sa pamamagitan ng

palitan ng mga nakasulat na liham.
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE
LESSON 12
Kinship - pertains not only to relationship based on ties of
blood but also bonds made through marriage, adaptation
and religious rituals.
Consanguineal Kinship - refers to a kin by blood.
Marriage – is a legal foundation of family that exists in
cultures, although there are some varieties.
Affinal Kinship - Kinship by Marriage.
 Exogamy - refers to the marriage of two people
coming from different groups/ categories.
 Endogamy - It refers to the marriage of two
people coming from the same group.
 Monogamy - is a type of marriage where two
people are involved.
 Polygamy - This happens when a man marries
more than two women.
 Bigamy - refers to the marriage of a man with
two women.
Divorce - It refers to a court decree that terminates or
dissolves a marriage that is not legalized in the Philippines.
Annulment – it nullifies a marriage completely as if it has
never existed.
Legal Separation – is the separation of married husband
and wife.
Fictive Kinship - A kinship that occurs in several instances
such as adoption or religion rituals.
Family - is the first group or network that an individual
acquires in his/her lifetime.
1. Nuclear Family - one of the types of the family that
refers to only one family nucleus that lives in a
residence.
2. Extended Family - is one of the types of family that is
composed of two or more blood-related family nuclei.
3. Reconstituted Family - is also known as blended
family.
Household - is a term used by the census bureaus to refer
to the set of individuals, related or unrelated by blood,
who share a common residence.
LESSON 13
Bands - small groups of self-sufficient hunters.
Tribe - is similar to bands in terms of population, but
possesses social, legal political, moral and religious beliefs.
State - is a large community of people occupying different
territory, having a government, people and sovereignty.
Chiefdom - is one of the types of political organization that
is composed of different tribes or villages where one is in
alliance with one another under one political leader or the
chief.
LESSON 14
Authority - is the power of an individual or a group to
enforce rules upon the members of a certain group.
Charismatic Authority - is a type of an authority that is
concerned with how a political institution can be
maintained by the leader’s personality.
Traditional Authority - is concerned with how a political
system can be maintained by the constant reference to
customs and conventions.
Legal-Rational - is based on well-defined laws.
 Bureaucracy - is a formal organization in which
oral rules are the bases of actions and decisions.
o DIVISION OF LABOR
o HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
o WRITTEN RULES AND REGULATION
o IMPERSONALITY
o MERITOCRACY
LESSON 15
Socialism - is an economic system in which the means of
production are controlled and owned by the state.
Capitalism - is an economic system in which the means of
production are controlled by private individuals or firms,
propelled by the ideology of profit.
LESSON 16
Reciprocity - refers to the nonmarket exchange of goods
between and among two or more members of society or
groups.
 Generalize Reciprocity happens when a person
shares goods, labor and expertise with other
members of the community without expecting
anything in return.
 Balanced or Symmetrical Reciprocity – this
occurs when a person gives another his/her
goods or services, however, expecting a fair and
tangible benefit at indefinite time in the future.
 Negative Reciprocity – When a person gives a
service or goods to another person, he/she
expects to be compensated at once with the
same amount of goods or services.
Transfer - is a payment or redistribution of income to
individuals by the government, accomplished through
different social benefit programs.
Redistribution - is the centralized collection of goods in a
society to be redistributed for the benefit of all its people.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is an example
of Transfer payment.
LESSON 17
Non-State Institutions – these institutions participate in
international relations without needing to belong to an
established institution or state.
International Organizations – are institutions that aim to
unite different states toward a common good.
Transnational Organizations – transcend boundaries and
states to bring together people and groups of different
culture for a specific goal.
Development Agencies – these are organizations which
provide development assistance between national and
international institutions.
UNITED NATIONS
1. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC,
AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) -
Specialized agency of the UN for the purpose of
promoting peace and security through
international partnership in education, science,
and culture so that there will be a world with
justice, rule of law, human rights among other.
2. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
(UNDP) - Development agency that aims to
eradicate poverty and to reduce inequalities and
social exclusion in the developing countries.
3. UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF) -
Is an intergovernmental organization that
provides humanitarian and developmental
assistance and support to young people in
developing and least develop countries.
Bank – is a financial intermediary that created credit by
lending money to the borrower, which creates a
corresponding deposit on the bank’s balance sheet.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) - Aims to “foster
global monetary corporation, secure financial, stability,
facilitate international trade, promote high employment
and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty
around the world.”
WORLD BANK
1. The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) - is a global development
cooperative owned by 189 member countries.
2. International Development Association (IDA) –
which provides interest-free loans and grants the
governments of the poorest countries.
3. International Finance Corporation (IFC) – which
is the largest global development institution
focused exclusively on the private sector and
helps developing countries achieve sustainable
growth by financing investment, mobilizing
capital in international financial markets, and
providing advisory services to business and
governments.
4. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
(MIGA) – which promotes foreign direct
investment into developing countries to support
economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve
people’s lives by offering political risk insurance
to investors and lenders.
5. International Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes (ICSID) – which provides
international facilities for conciliation and
arbitration of investment disputes.
LESSON 18
Socialization - is a process of learning the attitudes, values,
and behaviour that are expected from an individual as a
member
Formal - is the major means used by the state to educate
the majority of the population.
Non-Formal Education - young people interact with adults
or with parents this education is called
Informal Education - pertains to the lifelong process of
learning of an individual.
Credentialism – because of this, many students nowadays
are more motivated by what they can earn rather than
they learn when they study in school.
LESSON 19
Religion is a spiritual belief offers answers and
explanations to many ultimate questions regarding human
existence.
Organized Religion This type of religion follows a specific
set of rules which followers are required to obey.
Animism is the belief that physical objects are sacred and
inhabited by the spirits.
Polytheism – the belief of many deities.
Karl Marx stated that “Religion is the opium of the people”
and is harmful because it promotes values and belief that
make the people submissive to the harsh and difficult life
in the world.
LESSON 20
Health - is a state of complete physical, mental, and social
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Traditional Medicine – where healing is based on theories, LESSON 23
traditional wisdom and belief, and ancient practices.
Alternative Medicine – a broad set of health care practices Social Change - is the modification or replacement of any
that are not part of the country’s own tradition and are social process, social pattern or social institution
not integrated to the dominant health care system (World Innovation - refers to new organizational forms, process
Health Organization). and routines product, and services.
 Usog - is the most popular Filipino syndrome , it Diffusion - is the spread of culture to another by means of
has been said that when one has been greeted migration, trade, war, or colonialism.
by a person, the former will experience sudden Terrorism - may either be considered tactic or strategy,
discomfort usually in his/her abdomen. crime or holy duty, or a justified act against oppression.
 Kulam - is a spell cast by a warlock/witch upon
another person for whom he/she feels jealousy
or wrath.
 Lihi - is the strong and obsessive craving for a
pregnant woman for a particular food which can
result in her child resembling.
Medico - an albularyo who integrates his/her little
knowledge of contemporary medicine in healing

LESSON 21

Social Stratification - is the structured and hierarchical

ranking of individuals based on their family, occupation,
income, wealth, and power.
 Equality - is the state in a society where people
enjoy the same rights, social status, and other
privileges.
 Equity - promotes fairness.
Social Inequality - is the effect of limiting or of limiting or
impairing a group or an individual’s social status, class, and
privileges.
Materialism - means that economic factors are the bases
of reality, which are also considered as the substructure of
society.
 Slave Society - is the second mode of production
in human social development.
 Feudal Society - is a mode of production that
reflected land ownership.
LESSON 22

Social Mobility - the ability to move from one class too

another.
Open Class System - is the system allows a person’s freer
mobility. A person can move through classes based upon
his/her skills, abilities, and achievements.
Horizontal Social Mobility - is the change of position of a
person to another position of the same rank.