Pore Pressure Class

Teknik Geofisika
Universitas Brawijaya
Malang
2019
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Definition of Pressure
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Meassurement Units
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Meassurement Units
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Overpressure
 Fenomena Overpressure
LUMPUR SIDORAJO (LUSI) DEEPWATER HORIZON
Gulf of Mexico
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Fenomena Overpressure
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Why Pressure Evaluation is Important
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Who Should Understand Pressure?
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Overpressure Analysis
The profile between depth vs pressure / stress is used to ilustrate some basic
terms in overpressure analysis, such as:

• Hydrostatic pressure
• Overpressure (abnormal
high pressure) and
Underpressure (abnormal
low pressure)
• Overburden stress /
vertical stress / lithostatic
stress
• Minimum horizontal stress
• Effective stress
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Hydrostatic Pressure
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Hydrostatic Pressure
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Hydrostatic Pressure Gradient
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Hydrostatic Pressure Gradient
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Fluid Pressure Gradient Plot
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Application of Fluid Pressure Gradient
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Application of Fluid Pressure Gradient
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Abnormal Pressure (Over & under)
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Abnormal Pressure (Over & under)
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Overburden Stress

Matriks
+
Fluid
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Overburden Stress

Matriks
+
Fluid
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Min Horizontal Stress
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
 Effective Stress Concept
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

𝝈 𝒑 𝝈′
 Effective Stress Concept
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Terzhagi’s Principle (1925)
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Generating Mechanism
Normal Compaction
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Generating Mechanism
Normal Compaction
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Generating Mechanism
Loading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading : schematic process
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading : schematic process
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading : schematic process
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading : terzaghi’s principle
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading : summary
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Generating mechanism: unloading
Clay Diagenesis
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Generating mechanism: unloading
HC Generation
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Overpressure related gas generation
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Unloading Mechanism
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Summary generating mechanism
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Subsurface Pressure Data
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Wireline log response
Loading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Wireline log response
Unloading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Wireline log response
Why Sonic reversal in unloading mechanism?
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Loading vs Unloading
Loading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

 Loading vs Unloading
Loading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

 Loading vs Unloading
Loading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

 Loading vs Unloading
Unloading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

 Loading vs Unloading
Unloading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

 Loading vs Unloading
Unloading
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Sumber: youtube.com/AMR School of Thought

OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
• Pressure
• Pressure Unit
• Over Pressure Phenomena
• The Importance of Pressure Study
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Abnormal Pressure (Over & Under)
• Overburden Stress
• Horizontal Stress
• Effective Stress
TERZAGHI'S PRINCIPLE
GENERATING MECHANISM
• Loading Mechanism
• Unloading Mechanism
SUBSURFACE PRESSURE DATA
WIRELINE RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURE
• Response for Loading Overpressure
• Response for Unloading Overpressure
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CALCULATION
• Equivalent Depth
• Eaton Method
• Bower's Method
 Equivalent Depth
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Note: This method is suitable for disequilibrium compaction mechanism

which is having concept
“the same porosity means the same effective stress”
 Mari Berhitung
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Eaton Method
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 Mari Berhitung
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 The importance pressure data
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
 The importance pressure data

Fluid contact
D.W.P. & A.R. / 2018

Material taken from petrophysics and static modelling class by Lia R Kataren (2017)
Terima Kasih