CHAPTER Ӏ

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Soil-cement is a simple, highly compacted mixture of soil, portland cement,

and water. As the cement reacts, or hydrates, the mixture gains strength and

improves the engineering properties of the raw soil. The major variables that

control the properties and characteristics of soil-cement mixtures are the type of

soil or aggregate material, the proportion of cement in the mix, the moisture

conditions, and the degree of compaction. It is possible, simply by varying the

cement content, to produce soil-cement that ranges from a basic modification of

the compacted soil (or cement-modified soil) to fully hardened soil-cement that is

strong, durable, and frost-resistant.(Gregory E. Halsted june 07,2006).

It is found to be durable in extend that it can be employed from low-cost

paving materials.The origin of the idea of mixing soil and cement to

producestructural materials has not been definitely established informal record

gone records that mixing soil and cement was tried in Lowa,Ohia, Texas and

probably in other places. Since the first controlled soil-cement construction was

carried, wear Johnsonville, South Carolina in 1935(2), soil-cement has been

consideredvaluable engineering materials. It is now an accepted practice to

denote the result of adding cement to soil-cement as a soil- cement mixture(3) or

 CHAPTER ΙΙ

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will provide a review of the literature of the research related to

Strength Behavior of Soil-cement, related to the statement of the problem that

can give possible connection those goals and problems.

Soil-Cement

Soil is defined as the relative loose agglomerateminerals and organic

materials and sediment found above the bedrock ( Holtz and Kovacs 1981).

Soil-cement is a simple, highly compacted mixture of soil, portland cement,

and water. As the cement reacts, or hydrates, the mixture gains strength and

improves the engineering properties of the raw soil. The major variables that

control the properties and characteristics of soil-cement mixtures are the type of

soil or aggregate material, the proportion of cement in the mix, the moisture

conditions, and the degree of compaction. It is possible, simply by varying the

cement content, to produce soil-cement that ranges from a basic modification of

the compacted soil (or cement-modified soil) to fully hardened soil-cement that is

strong, durable, and frost-resistant.(Gregory E. Halsted june 07,2006)

Soil cement is a mixture of native soils and/or manufactured aggregates

with measured amount of Portland cement and water that hardens after

compaction and curing to form strong, durable, frost-resisting paving materials

(Halsted, Luhr and Adaska 2006).

 CHAPTER ΙΙΙ

METHODOLOGY

This chapter present he method used in the study. It includes the research

design used in the study, the research instrument, and the data gathering

procedure.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study was conducted using experimental design under the

quantitative research design. It was conducted through a randomized complete

cylindrical design in four treatments (T1 or control, T2-50% of soil and 50% of

Sand, T3-75% of soil and 25% of sand and T4- 100% of soil) with four

replications for compressive strength. Significant differences were tested using

the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by SPSS.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Soil-is define as the relativity loose agglomerate of mineral and organic materials

and sediment found above the bedrock (Holtz and Kovacs 1981)

Cement-any type of cement that compiles the requirement of the latest ASTM,

AASHO, GSA or federal specification may be used. The amount of

cement used is dependent upon type of soil and the desire properties of

the soil cement base.

 CHAPTER ӀV

DATA COLLECTION, PRESENSTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the analysis, and interpretation of the finding in this

study entitled STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-CEMENT.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Question1. What is the effect of the soil in different proportion in the behavioral

strength of soil-cement in terms of compressive strength?

TABLE 1. Shows the graph of compressive strength of a concrete mixed

with different proportion of the soil ( T1 or control, T2-50% of soil and
50% of Sand, T3-75% of soil and 25% of sand and T4- 100% of soil) at 3
days .
SAMPLE REPLICATION 1

T1 or Control 5.20
50% Soil and 50% 3.37
Sand
75 % of soil and 25 % 3.40
of Sand
100 % of Soil 1.70

Total 13.6

Mean 3.42

Table 1 shows the interpretation on compressive strength of concrete in

Mpa value of the different soil proportions as component in concrete. This shows

that T1 or Control was the highest value of 5.20 Mpa than the other treatment.

On the other hand, the treatment 3 with 75% of soil and 25%of sand was higher
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary or the research work undertaken, the

conclusion drawn and the recommendation need as an outgrowth of the

Calculator. Research entitled STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-CEMENT.

SUMMARY

This research study is about Strength behavior of soil-cement. The

general objectives of this study were to determine the behavioral strength of soil-

cement. Specifically, this study ought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effect of soil in different proportion in the behavioral strength of the

cement in terms of compressibility strength?

The compressive strength of concrete in Mpa value of different soil proportions

as component in concrete. The sum of all data shows that T1 or Control was the

highest value of 9.36 Mpa among the other T2, T3 T4. Moreover, it was found out

that T2 (50% soil: 50% sand) is more effective in terms of compressive strength

compared to T3 (75% soil: 25% sand) and T4 (100% soil: 0% sand).

2. Is there any significant difference in the behavioral strength of the soil-cement

in terms of compressive strength?

There is no significance difference in the different proportions of soil added

partially to the sand in terms of its behavioral strength (compressive strength) of

the concrete.