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REVIEWER KNOWLEDGE:
5. History-as-Actuality (History as a whole)
Definition of History 4. History-as-Witnessed (Constructed Part)
Understanding History Using Primary 3. History-as-Remembered (Recovered
and Secondary Sources Part)
History - according to Louis Gottschalk, 2. History-as-a-Written-Document (Material
refers to both an event and the discipline. Culture)
As an event, it refers to a historical
1. History-as-Reconstruction-of-Events
phenomenon or experience. Events serve
as the building blocks of a historical Why do we study history?
process. On the other hand, History, also
refers to the discipline, e.i. BA History and 1. It is a requirement.
its individual component courses like The 2. It is for us to understand the present and
Philippines in the Spanish Period. get a surmise of what the future in store for
To E.H. Carr: us.
• He was born in Manila on December 4. Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat,
15, 1875 lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay;
• The only son of Mariano Jacinto and mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong,
Josefa Dizon sa yaman, sa ganda…; ngunit di mahihigtan
• He attended San Juan de Letran sa pagkatao.
College. He studied law at the
University of Sto. Tomas but was not 5. Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang
able to finish it. puri sa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak
• Jacinto was 19 years old when he na kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili
left school and join Andres Bonifacio sa puri.
and others to form the Katipunan.
• He became the secretary, the chief 6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.
advisor on fiscal matters,
spokesperson, and handler of the 7. Huag mong sasayangin ang panahun;
finances of the Katipunan. ang yamang nawala’y magyayaring
• He was known as the Utak of magbalik; nguni’t panahong nagdaan na’y di
Katipunan when it comes to military na muli pang magdadaan. Value of time
matters.
• He wrote under the pseudonym 8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin
"Dimasilaw" (kalayaan)when writing ang umaapi.
for the newspaper and was more
commonly referred to in the group as 9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat
"Pingkian".(a la patria) sa bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim
• Jacinto also wrote the society's ang dapat ipaglihim.
newspaper, the Kalayaan and the
guidebook for new members and 10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki
current members of the Katipunan, ay siyang patnugot ng asawa’t mga anak;
the Kartilya ng Katipunan. kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang
• Emilio Jacinto died on April 16, 1899 patutunguhan ng iaakay ay kasamaan din.
at the age of 24.
11. Ang babai ay huag mong tignang isang
bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang
Kartilya ng Katipunan
katuang at karamay sa mga kahirapan
1. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo ng buong
malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at
walang lilim, kundi damong makamandag alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nagiwi
sa iyong kasangulan.
2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa
pagpipita sa sarili, at hindi sa talagang
12. Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo, He was a general and a founder
anak at kapatid, ay huag mong gagawin sa and honorary president of the first
asawa, anak, at kapatid ng iba. doctorate of the Nationalist Party
Also known as Kidlat ng Apoy
13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa
because of his inflamed bravery
pagkahari, wala sa tangus ng ilong at puti
and dedication as commander of
ng mukha, wala sa pagkaparing kahalili ng
Dios wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat Cavite’s famous battle
ng lupa; wagas at tunay na mahal na tao, Prior to the outbreak of the
kahit laking gubat at walang nababatid revolution, Santiago was already
kundi ang sariling wika, yaong may a delegado general of the
magandang asal, may isang pangungusap, provincial council of the Katipunan
may dangal at puri; yaong di napaaapi’t di in Cavite. He became captain
nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at general and later, commander-in-
marunong lumingap sa bayang tinubuan. chief, of the Magdiwang forces
and valiantly fought the Spaniards
14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at
from 1896-1897.
maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal
From November 9 to 11, 1896,
na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang
Sangkalupuan, at sabugan ng matamis Alvarez won a decisive victory
niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang against General Ramon Blanco at
magkalahi’t magkakapatid ng ligaya ng the 36-hour Battle of Dalahican,
walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na one of the blodiest battles at the
buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y advent of the Philippine
labis nang natumbasan. Kung lahat ng ito’y Revolution.
mataruk na ng nagiibig pumasuk at inaakala died in San Pablo (province of
niyang matutupad ang mga tutungkulin, Laguna, Luzon) on October 30,
maitatala ang kaniyang ninanasa sa 1930
kasunod nito.
About the Book
Group 4 Katipunan and the Revolution:
Memoirs of the Generals Katipunan and the Revolution:
Memoirs of General is the product
Who is Santiago Alvarez? of Alvarez's experiences within
Born in Imus Cavite on July 25, close proximity from the people
1872 involve with the revolution
He followed in his father's Made during 24 July 1927 to 15
footsteps as a teacher of the April 1928. The book was
school, forming in several private published Tagalog weekly
schools and at the Colegio San "Sampaguita" serialized into 26
Juan de Letran; in this last instalments and divided into
graduated also in arts, passing eighty parts
then to the Lyceum of Manila to Alvarez wanted to show the other
study law aspects of the Revolution on his
point of view being that he is
involved in the revolution
It is a shout of encouragement to approaching Dr Jose Rizal to let him
other generals to share their handle it instead of starting a war
experiences for the future youths immediately so they voted to let Jose
Rizal do his thing before starting a
Content of the book: war the meeting ended with Dr Pio
Vanzuela leaving and going to
In Lohiyo Del Pillar of Imus, Cavite,
Dapitan to visit Dr Jose Rizal.
Reymundo Mata and Emilio
Andres Bonifacio went in hiding for
Aguinaldo swore and joined the
the the threat of the spaniards were
Katipuneros 10pm, 14th of March, and
closing in on him after the meeting in
this is when the revolution started to
Pasig. May 1896 Dr Jose Rizal got a
strengthen and spread.
visit from Dr Pio Valenzuela after
April 6 1896
their talk the Katipuneros had their
Emilio Aguinaldo wanted to
answer of wether or not they should
see who headed the katipuneros and
seek war from Dr Jose Rizal himself
wanted to talk to him (Andres and Rizal said so himself that he
Bonifacio) so he left Cavite to pay him
didn’t want War or Violence.
a visit in Manila but on the way He
August 21 1896
had a bit of a problem with the Bapor
10pm in the evening at the
or boats around him but that did not
house of Vidal Acab in Caloocan,
stop the General from seeing
Rizal started the meeting of the
Bonifacio.
katipuneros. The meeting was
The revolution continued to grow.
headed by Andres Bonifacio together
April 9 1896, Andres Bonifacio, Dr.
with his Secretary Emilio Jacinto and
Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto, and his Prosecutor Dr. Pio Valenzuela.
Pantaleon Torres established the Moments after the meeting started,
Sangguniang “Magdiwang” of
Captain Silverio Baltazar entered the
Katipunan headed by Mariano
room whom they thought was an
Alvarez, Pascual Alvarez as his
enemy. After the katipuneros backed
Secretary General, Dionisio Alvarez down they realized that it is not safe
as Treasurer, and Valentine Salud
to have a meeting there and so
as Prosecutor. At the same day 5pm
Captain Ramon Bernardo stated that
in the afternoon the Pacto De Sangre the meeting shouldn’t be held in such
or oath for joining was held in Emilio a open place and so they move their
Aguinaldos House in Cavite.
meeting in Apolonio Samsons
In the end of April Alvarez receives a Residence at Kangkong, Caloocan.
letter from Supreme Bonifacio to a Afterwards they sent a letter to the
meet of a the katipuneros which will president of Sangguniang
take place in Pasig on the night of “Makabuhay” , Laureano Gonzales to
May 3 1896. They all meet in pasig come forward to arms and meet them
river the day of the meeting 4pm in at Caloocan. They planned theiir
the afternoon they ride a boat in attack headed by 4 Brigadier
quiapo where they stop by Ramon Generals they siege Manila in August
Bernardo’s House to have dinner. 29 1898 11 in the evening the cry of
Afterwards they went to Valentin katipunan can be heard.
Cruz’s house in pasig wherein they August 25 1896
started their meeting. They thought of
Pio Valenzuela and his law. Melchora is transferred
guides fled to the mountains of San to Bilibid Prison. Bonifacio
Mateo, Morong and next day (August Aiding Ramon Bernardo in
26), made their way to the town of the battle of santa mesa. The
Marikina. to induce them to join the fight of santa mesa and how
armed revolt. August 26. The fight the katipuneros fought back
between the Guardia Civil and the individually
rebels in Baulat and Balintawak o Alvarez strays away from
(Caloocan) took place. Bonifacio Supremo Bonifacios story to
retreated to Balara, Krus na Ligas talk abour their given titles to
and later to Marikina. August 27 each other. Alvares talked
Colonel Francisco Pinto filed a report also about the meeting they
regarding the skirmish between rebel had in Pasig May of 1896
and the Guardia Civil that happened about some members think
the previous day that violence and war is not
August 28-29 1896 the only way whilst the latter
thought differently.
Bonifacio at Hagdang Bato, o August 28 1896
Mandaluyong. Preparation for attack General Alvarez was
on Manila and simultaneous attack having a meeting and can be
on towns and provinces. August 29 heard that he demanded
1896, Bonifacio’s attack on Manila extra human resources and
failed weapons so that they may
Ramon Bernardos troops engage speak again
and stands by in santa mesa to wait o August 29 1896
for Supreme Bonifacios backup. An infantry was
Meanwhile Bonifiacos Squad clears standing in front of the house
mandaluyong and san juan all the armed to the teeth,
way to santa mesa to aide Ramon katipuneros who can’t wait to
Bernardo. 30 August 1896 Battle of siege manila already. They
San Juan del Monte. were all fired up but they tried
to control their anger over the
Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin Spaniards because it might
lead to failure.
Referred to the first clash between
o August 31 1896
the Katipuneros and the Guardia
In the morning
Civil.The cry would also refer to the
Artemio Ricarte, Mariano
tearing up of community tax certificates
Trias, Diego Mojica lead a
(cedulas personales) in defiance of their
battle in Malabon Cavite;
allegiance to Spain
wherein the afternoon in
o Governor-General Blanco Nobelete Cavite, the three
proclaims a state of war in alvarez brothers initiated the
eight rebel provinces, placing attack. Thhe day after, Kawit
the provinces of Manila, Cavite was also attacked by
Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, the Katipunneros headed by
Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac Tirona and Aguinaldos.
and Nueva y under martial Months passed and new year
came and so they celebrated (Kawit) and Dalahikan, with the
it with multiple victories. battle of Binakayan the Spanish
September 26, 1896 won as they take over the fort.
Captain General Apoy and After the battle, the
General Vibora prepared to go to Magdalo army staged a valiant
the field to inspect the fortifications offensive to recover the
under to the west along the Binakayan fortifications. This time
Cavite-Batangas border, which it was a victory for the Magdalo
were under the command of Brig. army.
Gen. Eleuterio Marasigan and December 29, 1896
Col. Luciano San Miguel The revolutionary
September 28,1896 governments of Magdiwang and
Major Aklan and his troops Magdalo met at the friar estate
aided by the guerrillas, who first house to talk about the possible
surrounded the enemy merger between the two faction
detachment with thirty men and plot to snatch Dr. Jose Rizal
October 11, 1896 from the firing squad.
Spaniards surrounded and February 27, 1897
attacked the whole town of the The Spanish troops at
Nasugbu. They fired Silang attempted to take the
mercilessly to all living things neighbouring town Perez-
when they were done, they burned Dasmarinas Cavite
the whole town.
Tejeros Convention
October 16, 1896
Capt. Gen. Apoy and Brig. A meeting held on March 22, 1897
Gen. M. Riego de Dios led the between the MAgdiwang and MAgdalo
Magdiwang forces in the march to factions of the Katiounan at San
Liyang, , collected additional guns Francisco de Malabon
on their way.
October 17, 1896 o Aguinaldo won as
Captain General Apoy president while Bonifacio
deployed the troops to the was regelated as the
different position as they reached Director of the Interior.
the town of Liyang, but the enemy Bonifacio rejected the
inside the town saw the Katipunan elections and declared it
troops and they fired to them that void. Bonifacio later formed
caused of death of 60 people. the Naic Military
The battle ended at noon two days Agreement, esentially
later creating a government
contending Aguinaldo's.
November 9, 1896
o Soon after, Bonifacio was
Spaniards launched a
captured, stood trial and
determined siege against the
was sentenced to death by
rebel fortifications at Binakayan
a War Council of payment of P400,000, Aguinaldo left for
Aguinaldo's government. Hong Kong on December 27, 1897.
Aguinaldo initially Some Filipino generals, however, did
commuted the sentence to not believe in the sincerity of the
deportation but later Spaniards. They refused to surrender
reversed the their arms.
communitation upon
Paglaya ng Pilipinas
pressure from Pio Del Pilar
and other officers. Seige of Manila
June 1898 - General
Biak na Bato
Emilio Aguinaldo had capture the
In July 1897, Aguinaldo whole of Luzon and was ready to
established the Biak-na-Bato Republic storm Manila with the help of
and issued a proclamation stating the Gregorio del Pilar, Artemio
following demand: Recarte, Antonio Montennegro,
Panteleon Garcia and many other
Expulsion of the friares and the
able generald
return of the friar lands to the
Other Consultancy Firms
Filipinos
Representation of the Philippines The first republic was inaugurated in
in the Spanish Cortes Malolos, Bulucan on January 21, 1899.
Freedom ofthe press and of a After being proclaimed president, Emilio
religion Aguinaldo took his oath of office.
Abolition of the government power
to banish Filipinos Group 7 Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
Equality for all before the law
Emilio Aguinaldo
Pact of Biak na Bato
• Emilio Aguinaldo was born in Kawit,
On December 23, 1897, Generals Cavite, on March 22, 1869, the
Celestino Tejero and Ricardo Monet of second to youngest of eight children
the Spanish army arived on Biak-na- of Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and
Bato and become hostages of the Trinidad Famy- Aguinaldo. The
rebels. a ceasefire was declared by both Aguinaldos were a wealthy and
camps and an agreement between influential family with Carlos being
Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces was gobernadicillo (municipal governor)
made - that the Spanish government for several terms. He studied at
will grant self-rule to the Philippines in 3 Colegio de San Juan de Letran but
wasn't able to finish his studies due
years if Aguinaldo went to exile and
to outbreak of cholera in 1882.
surrender his arms. In exchange,
Aguinaldo followed his father, Emilio
Aguinaldo will receive became the "Cabeza de Barangay"
P800,000(Mexican Pesos) as of Binakayan, a chief barrio of Cavite
renumeration to the revolutionaries and el Viejo, when he was only 17 years
an amnesty. After receiving a partial old to avoid conscription. In 1895 the
Maura Law that called for the
reorganization of local governments
was enacted. At the age of 25,
Aguinaldo became Cavite el Viejo's
first "gobernadorcillo capitan
municipal" (Municipal Governor-
Captain) of Kawit in 1894. Months
later, he joined the Katipunan by
choosing the Magdalo. Aguinaldo
was elected as a president in
pamahalaang panghihimasik in
Bario Tejeros, San Francisco de
Malabon on March 22, 1897.
• Aguinaldo was the first and youngest
president of the Philippines. In
addition to that, he was also a noted
general who played a key role in the
country’s revolt against its Spanish
rulers as well as fighting against the
occupation by the United States. His
military abilities saw him featured
heavily in the Philippine-American
War that eventually led to the
country’s independence.
• He declared the Philippine
independence on June 12, 1898.
• Emilio Aguinaldo died in Veterans
Memorial Hospital in (Quezon) on
February 6, 1964 from
cardiovascular disease. He was 94
years.
*Walang main text. Tinatamad na ako.
Group 8 – Caricatures
*Di ko madownload ‘yung ppt. Hehe.