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Swati (101501026)
The project aims at designing wastewater collection system for the campus and setup a
treatment plant. Specifications of the entire management system such as pipe diameters, capacity
of the treatment plant, etc. are calculated based on population estimates for the next 30 years.
Factors including topography of the campus, isolation of the location and ease of discharge are
considered to decide the site for the treatment plant as well as the course of the sewer conduits.
Various components of the treatment plant are designed based on flow characteristics, type of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project brings immense joy and satisfaction for the entire team
involved. We extend our gratitude to Dr Sunitha K Nayar for giving us the opportunity to work
upon this problem statement. Inputs from her lectures for this course as well as her guidance all
Mr Vineesh Kumaran from the engineering works department was appreciably cooperative in
providing us with the required maps and drawings for the project.
This report is a result of the combined efforts and dedication of all the members of the group and
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TABLE OF CONTENT
8. References ……………………………………………………………………….28
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LIST OF TABLES
4
LIST OF FIGURES
3. Screen …………………………………………………………………………....18
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1. Treatment Plant Site identification
The red rectangle in the drawing represents the location of the treatment plant. The elevation of
the area, obtained by using the contour map of the permanent campus site lies around 103
metres. Attempts have been made to keep the plant at the lowest possible altitude to avoid
pumping mechanisms for the wastewater to reach the treatment facility. A secluded location has
been chosen to cause minimum hindrance to general campus life and ease of transportation from
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2. Population and Influent Amount Estimation
Categories Population
UG Program 6000*
Faculty 600#
Staff 600^
= 6000
= 1800
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Total contribution to population = 80*15
= 1200
= 600
= 2400
= 1800
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For influent amount estimation, it is assumed that 80% of the consumed water goes out as
wastewater.
= 972000 L/day
=0.972MLD
≃ 1.0M LD
# Assumed daily consumption by faculty, staff and respective family members - 225 lit/head/day
= 756000 L/day
=0.756MLD
≃ 0.80M LD
= 408000L/day
=0.408MLD
≃ 0.450M LD
= 2.25MLD
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3. Design of Sewer Conduits
The bold lines in the picture represent the plan for the pipelines carrying wastewater from across
Half of the total discharge from the academic complex (225 kL/day) is collected at node 1 and
carried to T. Node 2 receives wastewater from the other half of the academic area (225 kL/day)
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and 2/3rd of the influent released by the hostel complex (670 kL/day) which is transported here
from node 3.
Node 7 is used to locally collect inflow from 1/3rd of the future residential complex (270
kL/day) which then goes to node 6 and meets the other 1/3rd of the residential inflow (270
kL/day). Finally all the wastewater from node 6 goes to node 5 and receives the remaining ⅓ of
the residential wastewater on the way. Henceforth, the entire wastewater from the residential
complex reaches node 5 and then to node 4 where it meets the remaining 1/3rd of the wastewater
volume from the hostel complex coming from node 8 (330kL/day). Finally, from node 4, it
We assume half flow condition in the pipes. The material selected is PVC ( Manning’s
coefficient, n - 0.01) for it is extremely chemical-resistant, able to withstand acids, salts and
bases because of which it is often used in sewage piping. It is even resistant to some solvents,
- 0.002604 m3 /s
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Distance between node 1 and treatment plant - 600 m
109.4−103
Slope, S0 = 600
= 0.010667
πD2
So, Sectional area of flow, A = 8
πD
Wetted Perimeter, P = 2
A
Hydraulic radius, R = P
D
= 4
1 πD8/3 S 1/2
Using Manning’s equation, Q = n ( 8*4 2/3
0
)
3/8
8*42/3 Qn
On rearranging, D = ( )
πS 1/2
0
D = 0.09 m
= 3.54 in
Similar calculation were performed for the all paths and results are tabulated below .
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Table 3 Pipe diameter
Water collected in wastewater sewers contains wide variety of contaminants have to be removed
before disposal into the river. In our case, major part of wastewater is black water and grey
water and these contains contaminants like suspended solids, biodegradable organics, pathogens
and nutrients. So following processes are required for treatment of wastewater before disposal.
Wastewater contains a wide variety of solids of various shapes, size and densities. Effective
removal of these solids may require a combination of unit operations such as screening and
settling.
A. Screening
This stage of the plant will have screening devices to remove coarse solids which consist
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B. Grit Chamber
Wastewater contains a wide assortment of inorganic solids which are abrasive in nature
and will cause wear of pumps and sludge handling equipment. Additionally these
materials are non-biodegradable therefore desirable to separate them from the organic
suspended solids
It is a unit operation designed to concentrate and remove suspended organic solids from
the wastewater. It will be equipped with mechanical scrappers to settle sludge and drive it
towards a hopper from where it will be pumped to the treatment facility. Grease or oil
will be skimmed off as they gradually rise to the surface of the water.
Considering the low population and scarcity of level terrain in the permanent campus, we
propose to setup a trickling filter for secondary treatment of wastewater. It will be used to
degrade the biological content of the sewage derived from human and food waste, soaps and
detergents. Low operational costs and power requirements are other reasons for this choice over
The biomass generated by trickling filter represents a substantial organic load and must be
clarifier for attached cultural system (trickling filter) is same as primary clarifier.
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4.3 Sludge Thickening
The sludge produced and collected during the primary and secondary treatment processes will be
concentrated and thickened to enable further processing. It will be put into a gravity thickening
tank for settling and dewatering. The remaining water will be sent for further treatment and the
The sludge settling out after the primary and secondary treatment stages will be directed to
digesters where it undergoes anaerobic digestion. The methane gas and other nutrient rich bio
solids formed in this process can be recycled and used for supplying power to the treatment
plant.
4.5 Disinfection
After the primary and secondary treatment procedures, there are still some diseases causing
organisms in the remaining treated wastewater. To eliminate them, the wastewater will be
subjected to disinfection for a period of 15 minutes in tanks that contain a mixture of chlorine
and sodium hypochlorite. The effluent will be later released into the environment through the
local waterways.
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5. Treatment Plant Design
= 3.9 m3
Width = 1.5 m
Depth = 1 m
= 2.25*2.5
= 5.625 MLD
Assuming the depth of the tank, D = 1.5*W , where, W-Width of the tank
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Q
Area of cross section of the tank = V
0.065
W*D = 0.3
W = 0.38 m
D = 1.5*W
= 0.57 m
0.57
Detention time, t = 0.02
= 28.5 sec
Length, L = Vt
= 0.3*28.5
= 8.55 m
= 1.12 m
Provide D = 1.2 m
Length, L = 8.6 m
Width, W = 0.4 m
Depth, D = 1.2 m
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5.3 Design of Bar Screen
n = 19.5
Fig. 3 Screen
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5.4 Design of Primary Sedimentation Tank
For 60% suspended solids removal, the overflow rate is 35 m/d.
2.25*1000m3 /d
Required Surface Area = = 65 m2
35 m3 /m2 .d
d=
√ 4*A
π =
√ 4*65
3.14 = 9.09 m
= 195 m2
195 m3
Detention time at average flow, t = 2250 m3 /d
= 2.08 hours
5625 m3 /d
At peak flow conditions, the overflow rate - 65 m2
= 86.5 m/day
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Permissible range of overflow rate - 80 to 100 m/day
Hence, OK.
We propose to install a high rate filter with hydraulic loading ‘Q’ and diameter ‘d’
Assuming Influent
substrate concentration, S0 = 200 mg/l
Circulation ratio, R = 2
S 0 +RS e
BOD in the mixture of raw and recycled mixture applied to the medium, Sa = 1+R
200 + 2*25
= 1+2
= 83.33 mg/L
−kD
Se e Qn
Sa
= −kD
(1+R)− Re Qn
−0.055*1.5
eQ0.5
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83.33
= −0.055*1.5
(1+R)− Re Q0.5
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Q = 0.029 m3/m2.min
= 1.5625
0.029
= 53.88 m2
√
4A
Diameter of the filter, d = π
= 8.28 m
Provide d = 8.5m
= 87.5%
Diameter = 9 m
Depth = 3 m
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Contact time = 15 min
2250 15
Volume of tank = 24 *
*60
= 23.4 m3
Width = 3 m
Depth = 2 m
= 11250000 mg/day
= 11.25 kg/day
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6. Treatment plant design parameters
1. Receiving Chamber
Length 3m
Width 1.5 m
Depth 1m
2. Screen
No. of bars 20
Diameter of bars 10 mm
Clear Spacing 10 mm
3. Grit Chamber
Length 8.6 m
Width 0.4 m
Depth 1.2 m
Diameter 9m
Depth 3m
5. Trickling Filter
Diameter 8.5 m
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Depth 1.5 m
Recycling Ratio 2
6. Secondary Clarifier
Diameter 9m
Depth 3m
7. Disinfection Tank
Length 4m
Width 3m
Depth 2m
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Fig 5 Flow chart of treatment plant
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Fig 6 Plan of Treatment Plant
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7. CONTRIBUTION OF TEAM MEMBERS
Ashutosh Maurya - Deciding the location of the treatment plant and calculation of pipe diameters
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8. REFERENCES
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment
● https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/process-of-wastewater-treatment.php
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