Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Kecerdasan Buatan
 1 Introduction

2 Knowledge Based

3 Fuzzy System

4 Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 1. Principles of neurocomputing for science & engineering, Fredric M Hum, Ivica Kostanic,
McGraw-Hill Inc., 2001.
2. Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing, JSR Jang, CT Tsun, E. Mizutani, Prentice Hall Inc., 1997.
3. Neural network fundamental, NK Bose and P. Liang, McGraw Hill, 1996.
4. Evolutionary Computation, David B Fogel, IEEE Press.
5. Fuzzy logic and intelligent systems, Hua Li, M Gupta (Eds), Kluwer AcPress, 1995.
6. Fundamentals of the new artificial intelligence: beyond traditional paradigm, Springer-
Verlag, 1998.
7. Artificial intelligence: a guide to intelligent systems, Michael Negnevitsky, Addison Wesley,
2006
8. Introduction to Neural Networks for C#, Jeff Heaton, Heaton Research, 2008
9. Other related book and selected journal papers.

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 1. Someone’s intelligence is their ability to understand and learn things.
2. Intelligence is the ability to think and understand instead of doing things
by instinct or automatically (Essential English Dictionary, Collins
London,1990)

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 “*The automation of+ activities that we “Study of mental faculties through the
associate with human thinking, activities use of computational models”
such as decision-making, problem solving, (Charniak+McDermott, 1985)
learning…” (Bellman, 1978)

“The study of how to make computers do “The branch of branch of computer

things at which, at the moment, people science that is concerned with the
are better” (Rich+Knigth, 1991) automation of intelligent behavior”
(Luger+Stubblefield, 1993)

View of AI fall into four categories :

Thinking humanly Thinking rationally

Acting humanly Acting rationally

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 • Normative (or prescriptive) rather than descriptive

• Aristotle: What are correct arguments/thought processes?

• Direct line through mathematics and philosophy to modern AI

• Problems:
1. Not all intelligent behavior is mediated by logical deliberation
2. What is purpose of thinking? What thought should I have?

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 • Requires scientific theories of internal activities of
brain
– What level of abstraction? “Knowledge” or “circuits”?
– How to validate? Requires
• Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down)
• Direct identification from neurogical data (bottom-up)

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 • Rational behavior: doing the right thing

• The right thing: that which is expected to maximized goal

achievement

• Aristotle (Nicmachean Ethics)

Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is
thought to aim at the same good

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE
Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE
 IF <antecedent 1>
AND <antecedent 2>
.
.
.
AND <antecedent n>
THEN <consequent>

IF the ‘traffic light’ is green

THEN the action is go
IF the ‘traffic light’ is red
THEN the action is stop

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE

 Intelligent system that based on
modern AI can sense its
environment and act on
its perception.

Artificial Intelligent Tim Dosen TE