Karen et al.

| 1

Studi Kasus Infeksi Endoparasit Pada Sapi Potong

Helminthiosis is amajor constraints of beef cattle industry. Helminthiosis causes great economic loss
to beef cattle industry by way of retarded growth, low production and increase susceptibilty of animal to other
infections. One type of nematode worms that can infect and cause a loss in beef cattle is a group of
strongyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, intensity of strongyle infection and
risk factors for the infection in beef cattle in the Ronggo Village, Jaken Sub District of Pati Regency. This
study used cross-sectional study to collected 200 samples of cattle feces and interviewing 90 farmers.
The risk factors associated with farm management obtained by interview through structured questionnaires
with farmers. Fecal samples were examined with a modified Mcmaster method and floatation solution
technique to determine the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG)and detect the presence and The data was
analyzed by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that 103 samples of beef
cattle positive with strongyle infection with a prevalence rate of 51.5% (confidence interval (CI) 95%; 44.6%-
58.4%). The number of strongyle eggs per gram of feces was 178 (CI 95%; 141-215) which was in category of
light infection. Based on age categories, management criterion of feeding grass method and the last
deworming showed a significantly different effect on the prevalence of strongyle infection (p<0.05).

Keywords:Intensity infection, helminthiasis, prevalence, risk factor, strongyle

Introduction Introduction

Beef cattle is one of the sources of meat- According to the Directorate General of
producing which has a high economic value. Butcher Animal Husbandry (2010), every year Indonesian
beef is the second largest source of meat-producing cattle suffer losses due to gastrointestinal nematode
meat after chicken. Cattle produce a variety of worm infections reaching 4 billion rupiah per year.
products, especially as food in the form of meat and
other products such as manure, skin, and bone. Large
beef benefits for the fulfillment of nutrition in the form
of animal protein for humans. The need for
consumption of animal protein in the country has not
been matched by an adequate supply. The amount of
beef consumed in Indonesia in 2014 amounted to 438
770 tons and beef imports in the same year reached
246609 thousand tons (Athar et al. 2011). Most of the
national beef is still imported due to inadequate
availability of domestic meat. Along with the increase
in Indonesian population which is increasing from year
to year, the need for beef will also increase. Increasing
beef cattle production in Indonesia needs to be done to
meet the needs of meat. Therefore, beef cattle business
in Indonesia has bright prospects.
Disease in livestock is one of the obstacles
faced in the development of livestock. Livestock
disease which is quite detrimental is intestinal worms.
Worm disease does not directly cause death, but it
causes a decrease in productivity in beef cattle.

© 2019 Laboratorium Helminthologi FKH IPB

2 | Studi Kasus Infeksi Endoparasit Pada Sapi Potong
Life Cycles
The strongyle worm cycle in ruminants is
straightforward and does not require an intermediate
host. Eggs are excreted by livestock with further
growth reaching the infective larval stage in the
environment. Embryonic eggs will hatch outside the
host body into larval stage 1 (L1) which develops and
is ecdyszed into larval 2 (L2). Then L2 develops into
larvae 3 (L3) but is still trapped by its cuticle L2 so
that L3 has double cuticles. L3 can be called an
infective larval stage. Infective larvae will move to the
grass and digested by cattle. The larvae develop into
L4 by removing the cuticles in the digestive tract and
reaching the stage of adult worms. Most worms infect
passively which are ingested with food but there is a
genus that is able to actively infect by penetrating
through the skin of the host Bunostomum sp (Banks.
2010).
Clinical Signs
Nematodosis is a disease caused by nematode
worm infection in the body. Nematodes or gilig
worms, including the group of worms that are very
important because in the digestive tract will suck the
food, blood, body fluids, and eat body tissue.
Strongyle worms are worms commonly found in cows.
Worms that belong to the type of strongyle, including
Cooperia sp, Oesophagostomum sp, Trichostrongylus
sp, Bunostomum sp, Mecistocirus sp (Suhardono et al.
1995). Cows can be infected with strongyle worms by
eating infective larvae (L3) found in grass.
Clinical signs due to strongyle infection are
weight loss, lack of appetite, and pale (anemia) due to
blood loss. Karin (2016) explains that parasites absorb
the food in the digestive tract so that it reduces the
absorption of food in the intestine, sucks blood and
host fluid so that it causes diarrhea. Secondary
infections can occur due to pathogenic bacteria or
pathogenic viruses that enter the tissue. Long-term
infection is usually also influenced by a combination
of bad things, especially feeding or grass, poor
handling of health, and several other things that are
very supportive of its breeding.
Tugas Terstruktur Parasitologi Veteriner: Endoparasit (IPH 331)
 Karen et al. | 3

Discussion Treatments

Prevention and control of helminthiasis on

The results of examination of 200 stool livestock needs to be done in order to improve the
samples showed that as many as 103 positive beef health and productivity of livestock, one of the ways is
cattle infected with worms infected with an infection by providing anthelmintic. Anthelmintika is used to
prevalence rate of 51.5% (Trust Hose (SK) 95%; eradicate or reduce worms in the intestinal lumen or
44.6% ─58.4%). The prevalence rate of strongyledi body tissue ( Okwelum et al. 2012), Effective
infection in Ronggo Village is classified as high anthelmintic administration in livestock needs to be
compared to the prevalence rate of strongyle infection considered in the anthelmintic spectrum used
in beef cattle in Napis Village in Bojonegoro Regency ( Okwelum et al. 2012), so as not to cause resistance
by 38.46% (Nurtjahyani. 2014), in Karanganyar to livestock. The method of feeding and the last
Regency by 27.85% (Mutahari 2013), and in anthelmintic influences the prevalence of strongyle
slaughterhouses in the Giwangan area of Yogyakarta worm infections in beef cattle. This shows that
City showing a prevalence of 34% (Chiejina et al. maintenance management has an important role in
2016). Levine states that high worms can be caused by handling helminthiasis in livestock.
limited knowledge of farmers and poor
implementation of farm management, including the
quality of feed ingredients, sanitary housing, and
sustainable treatment of diseases. Environment in the
form of geographical conditions is another factor that
can influence worm parasitic infections, differences in
the prevalence of helminth infections can be based on
environmental conditions and their habitat (Karimet al.
2016).
The susceptibility of the host is also
influenced by the nutrition of the feed provided.
Nutrition plays a role in shaping the ability of
livestock to tolerate the presence of several worms.
Good nutritious animals will be able to develop
resistance and resilience to infection worms. Protein is
considered the most effective way of showing
resistance to helminth infections and the provision of
energy and protein is effective in increasing resilience
to helminth infections (O’Connor. 2006). The
provision of concentrate in beef cattle kept in Ronggo
Village is rarely done because it is relatively
expensive. Such conditions will affect the resistance of
livestock to parasitic infections.
Farmers in Ronggo Village provide regular
feed to livestock with different frequencies - different
between farmers. Cattle fed fresh grass have a higher
prevalence of helminthiasis compared to cattle fed
with dried grass. This can occur because fresh grass
can be at risk of causing worms in cattle due to the
possibility of infective larvae still alive on grass. Eggs
or larvae are destroyed after exposure to 24─48 hours
for high ambient temperatures (Chiejina et al. 2016).
Gastrointestinal larvae of Haemonchus contortus and
Trichostrongylus are killed after exposure to 24─48
hours for high ambient temperatures (Chiejina et al.
2016). hot and dry environment (O'connor et al. 2006).

© 2019 Laboratorium Helminthologi FKH IPB

4 | Studi Kasus Infeksi Endoparasit Pada Sapi Potong

Conclusion Group Members

Cattles are commonly affected by nematodes.

This is due to many factors mainly its grazing field. 1. Karen Lee Mei Fong (B04178012)
Farmers have to provide high quality nutritional food 2. Gayathiri Balasubramaniam (B04178016)
to cattles to help them build up their immune system,
especially on young calves. In this way the cattles will
be prevented from parasitic infections. Cattles should
be given deworming medications periodically as a
preventative measure.

References
Athar, LA Khan, M Nisar, Sajid, M Sohail, T Rehman,
Khan, I Ahmad. 2011. Cost benefits analysis of
anthelmintic treatment of cattle and buffaloes.
Pak Vet J. 31(2):149-152.

Banks DJD, R Singh, A Barger, B Pratap, LFL

Jambre.2010. Development and survival of
infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and
Trichostrongylus colubriformison pasture in
tropical environment.IJP. 20(2):155-160.

Chiejina SN, BB Fakae, PI Eze. 2009.

Development and survival of free living stages
of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats
on pasture in the Nigerian derived savanna.Vet
Res Commun. 13(2):103-112.

Karim WA, Achmad F, Bambang S. 2016.

Exploration and prevalence of gastrointestinal
worm in buffalo from West Java, Central Java,
East Java and Lombok Indonesia.AJAS. 1(1):1-15

Nurtjahyani DN, DevySA. 2014. Prevalensi infeksi

telur cacing nematoda pada feses sapi potong
(Bos Sp) dengan metode whitlock. Di dalam:
Nurtjahyani DN, editor. Vol 11,No 1
Prosiding Seminar Biologi. Seminar Nasional
XI Pendidikan Biologi. waktu dan tempat
pertemuan tidak diketahui; Surakarta,
Indonesia. Surakarta (ID): UNS. hlm :539-543.

O’Connor LJ, SW Walkden-Brown, LP Kahn.

2006. Ecology of the free living stages of
major trichostrongylid parasite of sheep. Vet
Parasitol.142(1-2):1-15.

Okwelum N, SO Iposu, GH Andabai, K Sanwo,

OF Smith, OVA Takeet, BO Oduguwa, TA
Amole, SA Rahman, EI Olugbogi. 2012.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal of parasite in
Nigerian Muturu cattle in Ipokia local
goverment area of Ogun State Nigeria. NJSR.
(46):51-55.

Tugas Terstruktur Parasitologi Veteriner: Endoparasit (IPH 331)

 Karen et al. | 5

© 2019 Laboratorium Helminthologi FKH IPB

6 | Studi Kasus Infeksi Endoparasit Pada Sapi Potong

Tugas Terstruktur Parasitologi Veteriner: Endoparasit (IPH 331)

 Karen et al. | 7

© 2019 Laboratorium Helminthologi FKH IPB

8 | Studi Kasus Infeksi Endoparasit Pada Sapi Potong

Tugas Terstruktur Parasitologi Veteriner: Endoparasit (IPH 331)