Report On Geotechnical Investigation

Design and Construction of Roads, Bridges, Culverts, Sidewalks,
MEP Works on Tender SURE Concepts for ABD area under

Nagpur Smart City Project
REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – Box Culvert at MC-11
Report No. ULR-TC772119000000223P/Dt.04.06.2019 Page: 1 of 18
Design and Construction of Roads, Bridges, Culverts,

Sidewalks, MEP works on Tender SURE Concepts for
ABD area under Nagpur Smart City Project
REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
SUBMITTED BY
M/s. Shapoorji Pallonji And Company Pvt. Ltd.
Geotechnical Investigation Carried out By

STRUCTWEL DESIGNERS & CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.
Plot No. P-26, ‘MIA House’, MIDC Hingna, Nagpur - 440016
Email – lab.nagpur@structwel.com, Tel. – (07104) 238074, 91722281

TABLE OF CONTENT
Sr. No Description Page No.

1. Introduction 3
2. Investigation 4
3. Geology (Soil/Rock Profile) 4
4. Standard Penetration Test Results (N Value) 5
5. Laboratory Test Results 5–6
6. Bearing Capacity 6 – 10
7. Foundation Design Discussion 11 – 12
8. General Construction Discussion 12 – 14
9. Recommendations 15
10. Site Map 16
11. Bore Log 17
12. Photographs 18
REPORT
R&D/LAB/NAG/2019-20/NAG00013019/0223
TEST REPORT NO. & DATE
ULR-TC 772119000000223P/ Dt. 04.06.2019
1. Name & Address of Customer M/s. Shapoorji Pallonji And Company Pvt. Ltd.
Proposed construction of Box Culvert at MC-11, for Nagpur
2. Project / Site
Smart City Project
3. Customer's Reference Nil
4. Sample
i) Description Soil Samples
ii) Quantity 1 Bore, 10 m. deep
iii) Date of receipt 07.06.2019 Onwards
iv) Condition Acceptable
5. Test method followed, if any As Per IS : 2720, 1498, 6403, 8009, 2131, 9143, 9179, 8764
6. Date of Testing From 07.06.2019 Onwards
1. INTRODUCTION
Geotechnical investigation is carried out for the proposed construction of Box Culvert at
MC-11, for Nagpur Smart City Project. Investigation was intended to evaluate allowable
bearing capacity of available soil/rock stratum and other physical parameters necessary for
the design of suitable foundation. Scope of work included one bore with Standard
Penetration Tests as well as disturbed & undisturbed soil sampling at field with necessary
laboratory testing on available soil /rock samples.
2. INVESTIGATION
One bore 10 m. deep is drilled at location indicated in the site map. Disturbed &
undisturbed soil samples are collected from the bore. Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)
(IS:2131: 1981) are also conducted in bore at different depths. During field work no water
level was observed up to final depth of investigation i.e. up to 10.0 m. below GL.
In laboratory, soil samples collected from field are tested for, soil classification (IS : 1498) i.e.
grain size analysis (IS:2720 part 4), liquid and plastic limits (IS:2720 part 5), free swell index
(IS:2720 part 40), natural moisture content & density (IS:2720 part 29), shrinkage limit (IS :
2720 part 6), swell pressure (IS : 2720 part 41), direct shear test (IS : 2720 part 13).
Chemical test on soil samples are carried out such as pH value (IS:2720 Part 26), Sulphate
(IS:2720 Part 27), Chlorides (IS:2720 Part 32).
3. GEOLOGY (SOIL/ROCK PROFILE)
Geologically area under investigation is covered in Tirodi Gneissic Complex Stratigraphic

Sequence. The type of rock represents metamorphic rock as Gneiss in the area. The bore
log is enclosed in the appendix.
Bore No. Type of Stratum Depth Below GL in meter
Yellowish Clayey Soil GL to 4.5

Bore 1
Yellowish Clayey/Sandy Soil with Lime Kankars 4.5 to 10.0
4. STANDARD PENETRATION TEST RESULTS
The number of blows required for the standard penetration of 30 cms. is denoted as ‘N’ Value. The
blows required in the bore at various depths are as under.
Bore Depth Penetration
N Value Type of Stratum
No. meter cms
1.5 15 30 Yellowish Clayey Soil
4.5 33 30
1 7.5 41 30 Yellowish Clayey/Sandy Soil with Lime
9.0 38 30 Kankars
10.0 32 30
5. LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
Laboratory test result on soil, water and rock samples are as follows.
5.1 Laboratory test result on Soil Samples.
Properties Sample Identifications & Test Results

Depth - meter 1.5 3.0 4.5
Natural Moisture Content - % 24.72 17.44 9.16
Bulk Density - gm/cc ----- 1.691 -----
Dry Density - gm/cc ----- 1.441 -----
Gravel - % 00 1.43 3.23
Sand - % 11.35 18.44 62.64
Silt & Clay- % 88.65 80.13 34.13
Liquid Limit - % 68.9 66.59 38.12
Plastic Limit - % 24.9 23.86 18.59
P I Value - % 44.0 42.73 19.53
Shrinkage Limit - % ----- 10.48 -----
Free Swell Index - % 66.6 63.3 -----
Specific Gravity 2.605 2.613 -----
Cohesion – kg/sq.cms ----- 0.482 -----
Angle of friction – deg ----- 8.7 -----
Initial Void Ratio ----- 0.813 -----
Compression Index (Cc) ----- 0.163 -----
Silt Factor 0.09 0.1 1.00
IS Classification CH CH SC
CH : Clay of high plasticity SC : Clayey Sand

5.2 Chemical Test on Soil Samples

Sample Depth Chloride
PH Value Sulphate as SO3
I/M meter %
Bore 1 3.0 7.33 0.027 Nil
Requirements As per IS 456 Up to 1 % Min. cement content – 280
6 to 9
kg/cum. And max. W/C = 0.5 -----
For foundation concrete
Sulphates (as SO3), Chlorides content & pH value of soil & water are within the limits of IS : 456 -
2000 specification. Hence no special treatment, such as higher cement content or Sulphate resisting
cement will not require for foundation concrete.
6. BEARING CAPACITY (FOR OPEN FOUNDATION)
Bore log indicates that ‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ is present up to 4.5 m. followed by ‘Yellowish
Clayey/Sandy Soil with Lime Kankars’ up to final depth of investigation. Bearing capacity of
‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ is worked out from laboratory shear parameters.
6.1 Bearing Capacity for ‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ Stratum
6.1.1 Net Safe Bearing Capacity (Shear Failure Criteria) for ‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ Stratum
Bearing capacity is determined as per clause 5.3.1 of IS : 6403 – 1981 as follows. Size of Box Culvert
is assume as 2 m. x 4 m.
_______________________________
As per clause 5.3.1 of IS:6403-1981 (Determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations), for
fairly homogeneous soil the net ultimate bearing capacity is given as;
Qd = C.Nc.sc.dc. ic
Where,
2
qd = Net ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY IN ( t/ m )
2
C = Cohesion in (t / m ) 4.82
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor 5.14
sc = Shape Factor 1.4
dc = Depth Factor 1.17
ic = Inclination Factor 1
Qd = C.Nc.sc.dc. ic = 40.58
Considering Factor Of Safety (FOS) 3
2
Net Safe Bearing Capacity in ( t/ m ) 13.52
6.1.2 Safe Bearing Pressure for ‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ Layer (by settlement criteria).
The net safe bearing capacity worked out in clause 6.1.1 is to be checked for settlements. As per
IS:1904-1986 (Design & Construction of foundation in soil – General requirements), for foundation
resting on clayey soil, the permissible settlement for isolated open footings is 75 mm and 100 mm.
for raft foundation.
Under the pressure intensity equal to Net Safe Bearing Capacity calculated above i.e. 13.5
tons/sq.m., at 1.0 m. below GL, the settlement of 2.0 m. x 4.0 m. foundation size, analysis is
carried out as below.
6.1.1A Immediate Settlement
The immediate settlement, as per IS : 8009 Part I, is given by -
(1 - µ2)
SI = pB ------------- I
E
Where,
P Intensity of pressure = 13.5 tons/sq.m. = 1.35 kgf/sq.cm
B Foundation width = 200 cms.
µ Poisson’s ratio (0.5 for clays as per IS:8009-Part I)
I Influence Factor as per Fig.11 of IS:8009-Part I = 0.3
E Modulus Of elasticity = 50.78 kgf/sq.cms.
The value of E is adopted from Bowles, which gives E = 100S u to 500Su , where Su is
undrained shear strength = C+σ tan Ф, where C is the avg. cohesion = 0.482 kgf/sq.cms. and
Ф is the avg. angle of internal friction = 8.7 deg.
σ is the normal stress equal to average effective overburden at 1.0 m. = γb D = 1.691 x 1.0 =
1.691 tons/sq.m. = 0.1691 kgf/sq.cms.
Hence,
Su = 0.482 + 0.1691 x tan (8.7) = 0.5078 kgf/sq.cms.
And E = 100 Su = 100 x 0.5078 = 50.78 kgf/sq.cms.
For L/B = 2 and Ht/B = 1.75 (Ht = 3.5 m. is the compressible layer i.e. from 1.0 m. to 4.5 m.
depth), the value if I as per fig.11 of IS:8009 is 0.3.
Hence using above equation immediate settlement is calculated as 11.96 mm.
6.1.1B Consolidation Settlements :
As the stratum below foundation for 2.0 m x 4.0 m. footing size is compressible up to 3.5 m. below
foundation level, thus the consolidation settlement of footing under the net safe bearing capacity of
13.5 tons/sq.m. shall be determined as follows –
Cc
Soed = H -------------- Log (p + po / p0)
1 + e0
Where,
Soed Settlement of individual layer
H Layer thickness
Cc Compression Index
e0 Voids Ratio
p Pressure Intensity at Layer depth
po Effective overburden at layer depth
Compressible Layer = 7 layers, each 0.5 m. thick Total Thickness = 3.5 m.

Layer No. Depth Density of Effective Voids Comp. Effective Settlement
Below Layer Overburden Ratio Index Pressure
Foundation
m. t/cu.m. t/sq.m. t/sq.m. mm.
1 0.250 1.691 2.114 0.813 0.163 13.411 38.929
2 0.750 1.691 2.959 0.813 0.163 11.973 31.599
3 1.250 1.691 3.805 0.813 0.163 9.579 24.556
4 1.750 1.691 4.650 0.813 0.163 7.396 18.583
5 2.250 1.691 5.496 0.813 0.163 5.704 13.899
6 2.750 1.691 6.341 0.813 0.163 4.450 10.380
7 3.250 1.691 7.187 0.813 0.163 3.527 7.795
8 3.750 1.691 8.032 0.813 0.163 2.842 5.914
Consolidation Settlement 151.65 mm.
Hence, the total Settlement at load intensity of 13.5 tons/sq.m. shall be, consolidation
settlements + immediate settlements i.e. 151.65 + 11.96 = 163.61 mm.
From above analysis it is found that at 1.0 m. depth below GL and at load intensity of 13.5
tons/sq.m. settlement of 2 m. x 4 m. foundation size is more than the limit as specified by IS.
Hence for 1.0 m. depth, analysis with lower load intensity is carried out and it is observed
that at load intensity of 7.5 tons/sq.m. settlements are within the limits. Similarly at various
depths settlement analysis is carried out and accordingly SBC are recommended.
6.2 Bearing Capacity for ‘Yellowish Clayey/Sandy Soil with Lime Kankars’ Stratum at 4.5 m.
below GL.
Yellowish Clayey/Sand stratum is present from 4.5 m. onwards. SBC of this stratum is
determined from standard penetration test results.
To arrive at allowable bearing capacity, the net safe bearing capacity from standard
penetration test (based on shear failure criteria) is worked out as per IS:6403-1981, and
subsequently checked for safe bearing pressure (settlement criteria) for specified
settlement of foundation as per IS:8009-Part1. The least of the value obtained from shear
failure & settlement analysis is termed as allowable bearing capacity and shall be consider
for design of foundation.
6.2.1 Net Safe Bearing Capacity at 4.5 m. below GL (Shear Failure Criteria)
Net safe bearing capacity is determined at 4.5 m. depth, based on N = 33 as follows.

_______________________________
As per IS : 6403-1981 (Determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations), for local shear failure the
ultimate bearing capacity is given as;
Qd = 2/3 C.Nc.sc.ic.dc. + q (Nq - 1) sq dq iq + ½ B y Ny sy dy iy W

2
qd = ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY IN ( t/ m )
2
C = Cohesion in (t / m ) 0
Ø = Angle of internal friction in (degree) based on SPT N value 37
-1
Ø’ = tan (0.67 tan Ø) Angle of int. friction for local shear failure in (degree) 27
Df = Depth of foundation in (m) 4.5
2
q = Effective Surcharge =(ϒ x df ) in (t/m ) 8.55
ϒ= Unit Weight of subsoil in ( t/m3) 1.9
B= Width of footing in (m) 2
L= Length of footing in (m) 4
N C= Bearing capacity factors 23.94
Nq= Bearing capacity factors 13.2
N r= Bearing capacity factors 14.47
sc = Shape factor 1.4
sq = Shape factor 1.4
sr = Shape factor 0.2
DEPTH FACTORS CALCULATION
2
√NQ = √tan (π/4+Ø/2) = tan(45 + Ø/2) = tan(45 + Ø/2) = 1.63
dc = (1+ (0.2) (Df/B) (√ NØ) 1.73
0
dq = dr = 1 FOR Ø < 10 1.37
0
dq = dr = 1+ (0.1 Df/B) √ NØ FOR Ø > 10 1.37
2
ic = iq = (1- α/90) 1
2
ir = (1 - α/Ø) 1
W' = Water table effect 0.5
Qd = 2/3 C.Nc.Sc.ic.Dc. + q (Nq - 1) Sq dq iq + ½ B y Ny Sy dy iy W 207.11
Considering Factor Of Safety (FOS) 3.0
2
Net Safe Bearing Capacity in ( t/ m ) 69.04
6.2.2 Safe Bearing Pressure (Settlement Criteria)
Safe bearing capacity worked out in clause 6.2.1, is to be checked for settlements. As per IS:1904-
1986 (Design & Construction of foundation in soil – General requirements), for foundation resting on
cohesionless soil, the permissible settlement is 50 mm. From figure 9 of IS:8009-Part1 (Settlement of
shallow foundations subjected to symmetrical static vertical loading) for Standard Penetration Test
blows = 33 and width of foundation as 2 m., the settlement of foundation per 10 tons/sq.m. is 7.5
mm. Considering water table correction this will be 15.0 mm. Hence, for 50 mm. permissible
settlement, the safe bearing pressure will be (50 mm/15 mm) x 10 tons/sq.m. = 33.33 tons/sq.m.
7.0 FOUNDATION DESIGN DISCUSSION
The recommendations presented herein have been developed on the basis of previously
described project characteristics and subsurface conditions. If variations in soil conditions
were encountered during construction, project characteristics or locations are changed; it
will be necessary for a re-evaluation of the recommendation of this report to be made after
performing on-site observations and noting the characteristics of any variations.
7.1 General
Since this investigation identified actual subsurface conditions only at the test boring
locations, it was necessary for our Geotechnical Engineers to extrapolate these conditions in
order to characterize the entire project site. Even under the best of circumstances, the
conditions encountered during construction can be expected to vary somewhat from the
test results and may, in the extreme case, differ to the extent that modifications to the
foundation recommendations become necessary.
Therefore, we recommend that STRUCTWEL DESIGNERS CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD be retained

as Geotechnical Consultant throughout the earth-related phases of this project to correlate
actual soil conditions with test boring data, identify variations, conduct additional tests that
may be needed and recommend solutions to earth-related problems that may develop.
7.2 Foundation Concept
Two (2) criteria must be fulfilled in the design of foundation. The load must be less than the
ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation soils to maintain stability, and secondly, the
differential settlement must not exceed a limit that will produce adverse behavior of the
structure. The allowable settlement of footings on granular soils is usually exceeded before
bearing capacity considerations become important. Thus, the allowable bearing capacity of
granular soils is normally controlled by settlement considerations.
In view the purpose of the proposed project and the subsurface condition of the proposed
site we would recommend to lay the foundation of this building onto the hard rock.
7.3 Open Foundation
Based on the existing subsurface conditions, the proposed structures can be supported on
Open Foundation placed on firm natural rock surface. The allowable bearing capacity has
been calculated based on the Soil/rock properties. The Isolated footing or Raft Foundation
can be designed for a recommended safe bearing capacity given in this report.
Under no conditions should foundation be placed on loose or soft materials. If such material
is encountered it should be removed until the rock surface disclosed and the undulated area
shall be filled with plain cement concrete of required strength.
Careful field control will contribute substantially to minimizing the settlements.
8.0 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DISCUSSION
8.1 Site Preparation
The construction site must be suitably prepared. Prior to the placement of fill material,
clearing and grubbing at the site should be performed. All undesirable materials such as
roots, trash or other foreign materials shall be removed before placement of fill material.
After clearing and grubbing, the exposed sub grade should be proof rolled and inspected to
check for soft spots and loose zones. If any soft spots or loose zones are observed during
proof rolling, they should be compacted in place or excavated to firm soil and replaced with
properly compacted structural fill (Murum).
The exposed sub grade of floor slab should be carefully inspected by probing and
testing as needed. Any organic material still in place, wet, soft or loose soil and other
undesirable materials should be removed.
8.2 Excavation
Foundation excavations should be inspected properly to ensure that all existing

materials of rock surface should be clean and free from any loose soil, soft, wet or
otherwise undesirable materials. The dimensions of the excavation base should be
determined by imagining planes extending outward and downward on a 2 (vertical)
to 1 (horizontal) slope from the base perimeter of the area.
8.3 Trench Excavation and Stability
It may be possible to use open cut excavations for the construction of foundations
and any below ground elements. However, a support or bracing system may be
required to retain the surrounding soils and maintain a near vertical excavation face
where there are adjoining facilities, such as underground utility lines, structures,
roadways, etc.
Where open cut excavation is possible and bracing is unnecessary, the temporary
excavation side slopes must be made no steeper than 1.5 (horizontal) to 1 (vertical),
provided that there are no structures or roadways materials should be expected with
such slope. Some sloughing of loose or weak materials should be expected with such
slopes, although it should be minor. Where constraints will not allow open cut side
slopes, it will be necessary to use a retentions system. All open excavations should
be periodically monitored. If any signs of instability are observed, appropriate safety
and remedial actions should be initiated.
Soils at the bottom of satisfactory excavations should be protected against any

detrimental change in condition (such as disturbance or rain). Surface run-off water
should be drained way from the excavation.
8.4 Construction Dewatering
At the time of construction if groundwater will encountered then it is recommended to

use well point system or any other suitable methods of dewatering like pumping from
the sumps etc shall be adopted for dewatering during construction of the proposed
project. The dewatering should continue till the construction period when needed.
8.5 Site Drainage
Adequate drainage must be provided at the site to minimize any increase in moisture
content of the soils that underlay foundations both during the construction and the
service life of the building. The exterior grade slab should be sloped away from the
structure to prevent pounding of water.
8.6 Fill Placement and Compaction
All structural fill beneath footings, grade beams, and floor slabs should be
compacted to a dry density of at least 95 percent of the modified proctor maximum
dry density (IS 2720: 1983)
For cohesion less free draining soils, 85% relative density as determined by IS 2720 -
1983 (PART – 14) shall be used.
For foundations subjected to static loads greater than 320kPa, vibrating or heavy
machinery and for roads and pavement sub-grade fill shall be compacted to 85%
relative density for cohesion less soils or 95% of the maximum dry density as
determined by 2720: 1983 for cohesive materials.
The compaction should be accomplished by placing the fill in layers and mechanically
compacting each lift to at least the specified dry density. Thickness of each lift
should be not more than 250mm. If hand-operated compaction equipment is used
fill material shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 150mm in loose depth.
9. RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Allowable bearing capacity for open foundation in various stratum and different depth is
recommended as under.
Depth below GL Allowable Bearing Capacity
Bore No. Type of Stratum
meter tons/sq.m.
1.0 to 2.0 7.5
2.0 to 3.0 10.0
Yellowish Clayey Soil
3.0 to 4.0 12.0
Bore 1
4.0 to 4.5 13.5
Yellowish Clayey/Sandy Soil
4.5 to 10.0 25.0
with Lime Kankars
9.2 Proper protection against scouring below foundation should be necessary. As per IRC: 78
– 2000, the minimum depth of open foundation in soil should be 2.0 m. below the scour
level or the protected bed level.
9.3 In the event of any variation observed during excavation of foundation work, it should
be informed immediately for suitable action.
For Structwel Designers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Nitin A. Potdukhe
Lab Head Nagpur

SITE MAP OF PROPOSED BOX CULVERT AT MC - 11 Report No. ULR-TC772119000000223P/Dt.04.06.2019 Page: 16 of 18
21.16098947,
79.17167180
BH- 1
BORE LOG
0
-1
Yellowish Clayey Soil N = 15 at 1.5 m.
-2
-3
-4
4.5 m. N = 33 at 4.5 m.
Depth in meter
-5
-6
Yellowish Clayey/Sandy Soil

with Lime Kankars
-7
N = 41 at 7.5 m.
-8
N = 38 at 9.0 m.
-9
10.0 m. N = 32 at 10.0 m.
-10
PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHS
(Samples Recovered From Bore)

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Design and Construction of Roads, Bridges, Culverts, Sidewalks,

MEP Works on Tender SURE Concepts for ABD area under

REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – Box Culvert at MC-11

Report No. ULR-TC772119000000223P/Dt.04.06.2019 Page: 1 of 18

Design and Construction of Roads, Bridges, Culverts,

REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

Geotechnical Investigation Carried out By

Email – lab.nagpur@structwel.com, Tel. – (07104) 238074, 91722281

REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – Box Culvert at MC-11

Report No. ULR-TC772119000000223P/Dt.04.06.2019 Page: 2 of 18

Sr. No Description Page No.

REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – Box Culvert at MC-11

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REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – Box Culvert at MC-11

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3. GEOLOGY (SOIL/ROCK PROFILE)

Geologically area under investigation is covered in Tirodi Gneissic Complex Stratigraphic

Bore No. Type of Stratum Depth Below GL in meter

Yellowish Clayey Soil GL to 4.5

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4. STANDARD PENETRATION TEST RESULTS

5. LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

5.1 Laboratory test result on Soil Samples.

Properties Sample Identifications & Test Results

CH : Clay of high plasticity SC : Clayey Sand

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5.2 Chemical Test on Soil Samples

6. BEARING CAPACITY (FOR OPEN FOUNDATION)

6.1 Bearing Capacity for ‘Yellowish Clayey Soil’ Stratum

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6.1.1A Immediate Settlement

The immediate settlement, as per IS : 8009 Part I, is given by -

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And E = 100 Su = 100 x 0.5078 = 50.78 kgf/sq.cms.

Hence using above equation immediate settlement is calculated as 11.96 mm.

6.1.1B Consolidation Settlements :

Compressible Layer = 7 layers, each 0.5 m. thick Total Thickness = 3.5 m.

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Net safe bearing capacity is determined at 4.5 m. depth, based on N = 33 as follows.

Qd = 2/3 C.Nc.sc.ic.dc. + q (Nq - 1) sq dq iq + ½ B y Ny sy dy iy W

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6.2.2 Safe Bearing Pressure (Settlement Criteria)

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7.0 FOUNDATION DESIGN DISCUSSION

Therefore, we recommend that STRUCTWEL DESIGNERS CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD be retained

7.2 Foundation Concept

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7.3 Open Foundation

Careful field control will contribute substantially to minimizing the settlements.

8.0 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DISCUSSION

8.1 Site Preparation

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Foundation excavations should be inspected properly to ensure that all existing

8.3 Trench Excavation and Stability