CHEMISTRY PROJECT

TOPIC:
EXTRACTION OF FROM
ANISEED
CAROM
ELLAICHI

TEAM MEMBERS:
K.R.KANISHKA ASHWAATH. S
LALITH SHANKAR
XII-B
CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENT
USES
THEORY
MEASUREMENTS
PROCEDURE AND
REQUIREMENTS
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
PRECAUTION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

Oil is an essential product taken in by

humans which is very essential for
everyone. We already know that is
pleasant smell coming from all the parts of
the plant-namely fruits , leaves , spices etc.
These smelling volatile oils present in
plants are called “essential oil”.
Oil can be extracted from many naturally
present sources like-cumin, Cinnamon,
clove, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine,
peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint,
thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar
examples of valuable essential oils. The
term “essential oils” literally means “oils
derived from the essence” of plants.
Essential oils are mainly used for their
pleasant odours and flavours in perfumes
and as flavouring agents in foods. Some
are used in medicines (e.g., camphor,
wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect
repellents (e.g., citronella). Chemically
essential oils are composed of complex
mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons.
They are essentially non-polar compounds
and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents
such as petroleum ether, benzene etc.
Essential oils may occur in all parts of the
plant, but they are often concentrated in
the seeds or flowers. They are obtained
from the plants by the process of steam
distillation and extraction.
 WHY EXTRACTION OF OIL?
Oil is extracted for the beneficial of the
people. It fills us with nutrition. Most
importantly as it is taken from the natural
product it is more healthier.it also bounds
us with nature.

EXPERIMENT
To extract oil from:

Aniseed

Carom

Elaichi
EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM
ANISEED:

Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an

essential oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`, which
has now replaced the fruits for medicinal and
flavouring purposes. Aniseed oil is a
colourless or pale-yellow liquid having the
characteristic odour and taste of the fruit. The
yield of oil generally varies from 1.9 to 3.1 per
cent. Higher values up to 6 per cent have been
reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of
fruits prior to distillation gives better yields of
oil. The material should be distilled soon after
the crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to
evaporation. Aniseed oil is a highly refractive
liquid, which solidifies on cooling. The
congealing point depends much on the
anethole content and is a valuable criterion
for evaluating the oil. Exposure of the oil to
air causes polymerization, and some
oxidation also takes place with the formation
of anisaldehyde and anisic acid. v The chief
constituent of aniseed oil is anethole, which is
present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is
mainly responsible for the characteristic
flavour of the oil. The oil also contains methyl
chavicol, p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and
small amount of terpenes and sulphur
containing compounds of disagreeable odour.
USES OF ANISEED:
In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is
used to treat colds and flu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid
scent and is used for both hunting and
fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract
fish.
Anethole, the principal component of
anise oil, is a precursor that can eventually
produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
which is can be used in the clandestine
synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-
B, 2C-I and DOB.
Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used
as an aromatic carminative to relieve
flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough
lozenges in combination with liquorice.
Essential oil is also used externally as an
insecticide against small insects such as
head lice, mites and vermin. It also has
fungicidal properties.
 EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM
CAROM:

Carom seeds are also known as Ajwain ,

Thymol seeds, Onum ,
Ajma , Ajmodika and Bishop’s weed. They
are the tiny, cute, delicate and
oval shaped herbs with a penetrating
fragrance. Carom seed belongs to
the family of cumin and parsley. These seeds
have been used since years
as they consists number of medical properties.
Because of their strong
aroma, carom seeds are highly used for the
Indian culinary.
Carom seeds are sharp and hot with the
burning taste, that’s why
few seeds are enough to bring the flavor in
any Indian recipe. Carom
seeds can be whole or powdered one. It is
always advisable to buy whole
carom seeds as they can be easily turned into
powder form just by
grinding them in a smooth powder.
USES OF CAROM:
Instant Relief from Acidity and
Indigestion
Treats Common Cold
For Ear and Tooth Ache
For Cleaning Wounds
Carom seeds help in halting pre-mature
greying of hair.
EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM
ELAICHI:

Cardamom provides a warming and

stimulating tonic .Cardamom is also
an excellent choice for the digestive system.
I am sure I don’t have to tell
you that Cardamom is greatly admired and
extensively used as a
culinary spice all over the world. You can
also try a gargle with
Cardamom if you suffer with halitosis (bad
breath). Why not try 1 drop
Cardamom and one drop of Peppermint in
a small amount of water as an
effective way to freshen your breath…

USES OF CARDAMOM:
Fights Colorectal Cancer
Beneficial for cardiovascular health
Protects against gastrointestinal
problems
Acts as an antimicrobial
Treats muscle spasms
Used for treating respiratory issues
especially Asthma
Boosts blood circulation
 THEORY
Oil extraction, isolation of oil from animal
by-products, fleshy fruits such as the olive
and palm, and oilseeds such as
cottonseed, sesame seed, soybeans, and
peanuts. Oil is extracted by three general
methods: rendering, used with animal
products and oleaginous fruits;
mechanical pressing, for oil-bearing seeds
and nuts; and extracting with volatile
solvents, employed in large-scale
operations for a more complete extraction
than is possible with pressing.
Rendering originally implied the
application of heat; in its most primitive
form, it is practiced by heaping fruits such
as olives in piles exposed to the sun and
collecting the oil that exudes. A similar,
somewhat more advanced process is used
to extract oil from palm fruits by boiling
in water, then skimming the oil from the
surface. Whale blubber is cut into small
pieces and heated in vats (try works) or
cooked in steam digesters; the oil is
collected by draining or skimming.
Many oil-bearing seeds and nuts are
broken up by grinding, flaking, or rolling,
then subjected to mechanical pressing to
liberate the oil. The modern continuous
screw press exerts pressures as high as
30,000 pounds per square inch. In modern
press extraction, oilseeds or nuts are
cleaned, and the shells or hulls removed;
the kernels or meats are ground to a
coarse meal that is pressed with or
without preliminary heating. Cold-
pressed oil, also called cold-drawn, or
virgin, oil, is purer and has a better
flavour than oil expressed with the aid of
heat. After pressing the meals made from
oily seeds or nuts, the remaining cake
contains about 5 to 15 percent oil. Most of
the oil present in these residues, and in
meals made from seeds and nuts that
naturally contain little oil, can be removed
by extraction with volatile solvents,
especially petroleum benzene (also known
 as petroleum ether, commercial hexane, or
heptane). The solvent is percolated
through the meal, dissolving the oil,
which is finally recovered from the
solution by evaporating the solvent. The
solvent is also recovered and used over
again.

REQUIREMENTS:
Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round
bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask,
condenser, glass tubes,
iron stand, sand bath, separating funnel,
tripod stands, burners,
Ajwain (Carum), Petroleum Ether (60- 80°C),
Saunf (Aniseed).
PROCEDURE:
. 1) Set the apparatus as shown in the picture
of Experimental Setup. 

a) The apparatus consists of a steam
generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet
tube. 

b) The flask is connected to a water
condenser through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to a
receiver through an adaptor. 

. 2) Take about 750 ml of water in the steam
generator and start heating to produce
steam.

a) In the round bottom flask take
about 75 gm of crushed Saunf. 

. 3) A vigorous current of steam from steam
generator is passed through the round
bottom flask.

a) A part of the steam condenses in the
round bottom flask. As more and
more steam is passed, the steam
volatile components of Saunf pass
through the condenser along with
steam. 

4) These contents on condensation are
collected in the receiver.
a) The contents in the round bottom flask
may be heated by
a Bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of
steam.

b) The process of steam distillation is
continued for about
half an hour.
.
 5) Transfer the distillate to a separating
funnel and extract with 20 ml portions of
petroleum ether 3 times.
a) Combine the
petroleum Ether extracts in a 250 ml conical

flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous
sodium sulphate. 

. 6) Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate
by careful distillation in a water bath. The
essential oil is left behind in the
distillation flask. 

. 7) Finally find the weight of the extracted
essential oil. Note the colour, odour and
weight of the essential oil. 

 OBSERVATIONS:

Name of Weight Initial Weight Weight Percentage Colour Odour

of
the Item of Item Weight of bottle of essential of the of the
essential
taken (X) + oil oil Oil Oil
Essential extracted (y/100)*100
(y-x)
oil (y)

Saunf

(Aniseed)

Ajwain

(Carom)

Elaichi

(Cardamom)
CONCLUSION:
“HENCE WE HAVE EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL
OILS FROM 75 GM OF SOUNF(ANISEED),
AJWAIN(CAROM) AND
ELAICHI(CARDAMOM).”
PRECAUTIONS: -
If you accidentally spill essential oils Clean
any spillage with an absorbent material such
as kitchen roll. 

If you accidentally get essential oils in your eye
– Flush with copious amounts of MILK for at
least 15 minutes and seek medical advice if
symptoms persist. 

If you accidentally swallow essential oils –
Rinse mouth with MILK and seek medical
attention. 

Handling – Do not eat, drink or smoke when
handling. Respect good personal hygiene. 

Always mix with carrier oil before applying to
the skin. Never apply to inflamed or broken
skin. 

Do not use neat on skin. 

Do not take
internally. If pregnant seek medical
advice before using. 

Storage – Store in a cool, dry place away from
heat and direct sunlight. Always use original
containers. Avoid contact with polished
surfaces and plastic. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY:
COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL CLASS-XII.

HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ANISE

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SENTIAL-OILS/ANISEED.HTML