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Respiration in Plants
Solutions
SECTION - A
(Introduction)
1. Breakdown of complex molecules to yield energy takes place in
(1) Cytoplasm and mitochondria (2) Chloroplast
(3) Cytoplasm and plastids (4) Mitochondria and chloroplast
Sol. Answer (1)
Cytoplasm and mitochondria in eukaryotes
Glycolysis in cytoplasm
Kreb cycle in mitochondria
2. Respiration involves breaking of_______ bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading
to release of considerable amount of energy.
(1) C — C (2) C — O (3) C — H (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
C — C bonds of glucose break during respiration.
4. Respiration is seen in
(1) Non green cells only
(2) Non green cells in light only
(3) All living cells both during day and night
(4) All cells, except the photosynthetic cells during day
Sol. Answer (3)
Respiration is continuous process occurs in all the living cells.
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5. The compounds that are subjected to biological oxidation are called _______ in which ______ is the most
common.
(1) Respiratory substrate, carbohydrate (2) Respiratory substance, protein
(3) Respiratory organic substances, fats (4) Respiratory substrate, protein
Sol. Answer (1)
Carbohydrate is most prefreable respiratory substrate.
6. Which of the following substances can undergo oxidation and release energy?
(1) Inorganic acids (2) Organic food (3) Organic acid (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Organic food and organic acid undergoes a catabolic process to release energy.
(Do Plants Breathe?)
7. Choose the incorrect option for why plants can get along without respiratory organs as plants, unlike animals,
have no specialized organs for gaseous exchange.
(1) Respiration rate is faster than animals in roots, stems and leaves
(2) O2 released during photosynthesis is utilized for respiration
(3) Loose packing of parenchyma cells in leaves, stems and roots facilitates respiration
(4) There is very little transport of gases from one plant part to another
Sol. Answer (1)
In plants, respiration rate is slower than animals.
9. Those organism which cannot use oxygen for growth and are even harmed by its presence, are known as
(1) Obligate aerobes (2) Aerotolerant anaerobes
(3) Facultative anaerobes (4) Obligate anaerobes
Sol. Answer (4)
These are organism which cannot live in O2 presence.
14. Which of the following pathway was given by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas?
(1) Glycolysis (2) Acetyl CoA formation step
(3) Krebs cycle (4) Pentose phosphate pathway
Sol. Answer (1)
Embden, Meyerhoff and Parnas i.e., EMP pathway
17. In EMP pathway, hexose sugar splits into two molecules of triose sugar by the catalytic activity of
(1) Phosphofructokinase (2) Aldolase (3) Dehydrogenase (4) Transphosphorylase
Sol. Answer (2)
Glucos e
G 6 P
F 6 P
F 1, 6 P Triose phosphate.
Aldolase
2 Molecule
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F–6–P
ATP
phosphofructokinase
ADP
F – 1, 6 – bP
Aldolase
phosphotriose
G–3–P DHAP
2× + isomerase
NAD
PGAL dehydrogenase
NADPH (1, 3 bisphos acid)
Triose bisphosphate
2ADP (1, 3 - PGA)
Transphosphorilation
2ATP
Triose bisphosphate
(3 – PGA)
Mutase
2 – PGA
Enolase
PEP
ADP Pyruvate
Kinase
ATP
Pyruvic acid
(1) Hexokinase
(2) Enolase
(3) Phosphofructokinase
(4) Pyruvate kinase
Sol. Answer (3)
Phosphofructokinase is called pacemaker enzyme.
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21. During cellular respiration, number of ATP used during conversion of glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
is
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
(Fermentation)
(1) Ethyl alcohol and lactic acid only (2) Ethyl alcohol and CO2 and metabolic H2O
(3) Ethyl alcohol, metabolic H2O, CO2 and lactic acid (4) Ethyl alcohol, CO2 or lactic acid
During anaerobic respiration, the end product is ethyl alcohol, lactic acid etc.
(1) Dehydrogenation (2) Decarboxylation (3) FAD reduction (4) Mn+2 acceptance
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26. Concentration of alcohol in a sugar solution inoculated with yeast after which yeast gets killed is
(1) 13% (2) 25% (3) 30% (4) 20%
Sol. Answer (1)
Yeast posion themselves to death when concentration of alcohol reaches about 13%.
27. Cramps are formed during vigorous exercise, it is due to production of _____ in muscles.
(1) Acetyl coenzyme A (2) Ethyl alcohol (3) Lactic acid (4) Acetic acid
Sol. Answer (3)
During vigorous exercise, O2 , anaerobic pathway is adopted by cell, produces lactic acid.
28. Identify the product marked by (i) & (ii) in the following pathway
(1) (i) 2-phosphoglycerate; (ii) Acetyl CoA (2) (i) Phosphoenol pyruvate; (ii) Ethyl alcohol
(3) (i) Phosphoenol pyruvate; (ii) Citric acid (4) (i) Phosphoenol pyruvate; (ii) Acetyl CoA
Sol. Answer (2)
Pathway of anaerobic respiration.
(Aerobic Respiration)
Pyruvic dehydrogenase
2 Acety-CoA
(1) Link reaction (2) EMP pathway (3) ETC (4) Citric acid cycle
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32. How many carbon atoms are present in Acetyl CoA?
(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (1)
O S CoA
C
CH3
34. Citric acid is formed in Krebs cycle by the combination of oxaloacetate with
35. The enzymes of Krebs cycle where NADH + H+ are produced are
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36. How many molecules of CO2 are released during two turns of Krebs cycle?
(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (3)
Acetyl – coA H2O
+ (2C) Citrate synthase
NADPH OAA
(4C) Citric acid
NAD (6C)
Malic H2O Aconitase Fe2+
dehydrogenase
Malic acid K Cis-Aconitic acid
R (6C) 2+
H2O Fumerase H2O Aconitase Fe
E
B Isocitrate
Fumeric acid (6C)
FADH2 Succinate C NAD isocitrate Mn2+
dehydrogenase Y + dehydrogenase
FAD NADPH
Succinic Acid C Oxalosuccinic acid
GTP succinate L (6C)
CO
CoA GDP thiokinase E 2
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41. Complex which transfers electrons of FADH2 to ETS is
42. Last acceptor of electrons is _____ in ETS which give electrons to oxygen.
(1) Cyt c1 (2) Cyt c (3) Cyt a – a3 (4) Cyt bc1
Sol. Answer (3)
Complex-IV (Cytochrome C oxidase) Contains two copper centers.
(CuA and CuB) and cytochrome a and Cyt a3.
Outer ATP
side
2H+
F0 F1 Inner
membrane
Inner part
mitochondiral ADP Pi
membrane Matrix
46. How many ATP molecules are formed by oxidative phosphorylation from NADH produced during single Krebs
cycle?
(1) 6 (2) 18 (3) 30 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (4)
1 NADPH 3 ATP
3 NADPH 9 ATP
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38 8.1
100 45% One glucose
686
(Amphibolic Pathway)
(Respiratory Quotient)
SECTION - B
(Glycolysis)
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2. Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in respiration requires
(1) Hexokinase (2) Enolase
(3) Phosphofructokinase (4) Pyruvate kinase
Sol. Answer (3)
Phosphofructokinase
F 6 P
F 1, 6 bP
3. How many redox equivalents are removed from two molecules of 3-PGAL?
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (2)
Two from each 3-PGAL, thus total four from two molecule of 3-PGAL.
(Fermentation)
Pyruvate
decarboxylase
complex
2CH3COCOOH 2CH3CHO + 2CO2
Decarboxylation
6. In alcohol fermentation, _____ of energy in glycose in released and not all of it is trapped as high energy bonds of
ATP.
(1) Less than 1% (2) More than 10%
(3) Less than 7% (4) More than 40%
Sol. Answer (3)
Net gain in alcoholic fermentation is 2 ATP.
(Aerobic Respiration)
8. In TCA cycle, how many reduced coenzymes are produced from one Acetyl CoA?
(1) 3 NADH2, 1 FADH2 (2) 2 NADH2, 1 FADH2 (3) 4 NADH2, 2 FADH2 (4) 5 NADH2, 1 FADH2
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12. Mineral activator needed for the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase of TCA cycle is
(1) Fe (2) Mg (3) Mn (4) Cu
Sol. Answer (3)
Mn acts as activator by enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase.
14. Substrate level phosphorylation does not occur in which of the following reaction of aerobic respiration?
Substrate level phosphorylation Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to
form ATP.
There is no such transfer from 3PGA – 2PGA. In the phosphate group reshuffling is done here from
3rd position to 2nd position.
15. A Krebs cycle intermediate as raw material for chlorophyll production is synthesised after
(1) Condensation (2) Substrate level phosphorylation
(3) Hydration (4) Oxidative decarboxylation
Sol. Answer (4)
-Ketoglutaric acid Succinyl Co-A
17. Connecting link between respiration (TCA cycle) and protein synthesis is
(1) Citric acid (2) -ketoglutaric acid (3) Succinic acid (4) Fumaric acid
Sol. Answer (2)
Raw material for amino acid synthesis.
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20. The complex concerned with oxidative phosphorylation in inner mitochondrial membrane is
(1) Complex IV (2) Complex V (3) Complex III (4) Complex II
Sol. Answer (2)
ATP synthase
22. Total number of ATP produced through ETS only from one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate in aerobic respiration is
(1) 14 (2) 12 (3) 15 (4) 16
Sol. Answer (1)
1 molecule of 3 PGA 1 molecule of pyruvic acid
+
4 NADPH
& 1 FADH2
These molecules will enter ETS and produces ATP.
+ at most
Now, 1 NADPH 3 ATP × 4 12
1 FADPH2 2 ATP × 1 2
14 ATP
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24. Which one of the following is incorrect statement for mitochondrial ETC and oxidative phosphorylation?
(1) Enzyme complex I accepts electrons and H+ from NADH and FADH2
(2) Passage of protons through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of the F1 for ATP production
(3) Cytochrome-c is a mobile protein attached to outer surface of inner membrane
(4) 6H+ passes through F0 from intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient to
produce 3ATP
Sol. Answer (1)
Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase) it accepts only from NADPH. Complex II receives it from FADH2.
25. NADH2 generated in glycolysis produces ATP in ETS in presence of O2. In absence of O2, this NADH2
functions as
(1) Oxidising agent (2) Phosphorylating agent (3) Reducing agent (4) Carboxylating agent
Sol. Answer (3)
Act as reducing agent in absence of O2.
27. In prokaryotic cells, number of ATP generated from one glucose molecule is
(1) 36 (2) 38 (3) 34 (4) 32
Sol. Answer (2)
38 ATP produced from one molecule of glucose.
30. Inhibition of sugar breakdown due to the presence of O2 under anaerobic condition is called
(1) Pasteur effect (2) Warburg effect (3) Crabtree effect (4) Kutusky effect
Sol. Answer (1)
In anaerobic respiration, rate of respiration decreases in the presence of oxygen, known as Pasteur effect.
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31. Common molecule formed from all food stuffs during aerobic respiration is
(1) Glucose (2) PGAL (3) Pyruvic acid (4) Acetyl CoA
Sol. Answer (4)
All the food stuffs converted into Acetyl CoA because Kreb's cycle starts from Acetyl CoA.
32. From the oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid (fatty acid), the number of ATP molecules gained as net
are
(1) 131 (2) 129
(3) 38 (4) 142
Sol. Answer (2)
Palmitic acid C16H32O2.
C6H32O2 8 CH3CoSCoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+
8 CH3Co.S.CoA 16 CO2 + 8 FADH2 + 24 NADH + 8 – P + 24 H+
15 FADH2 15 × 2 ATP = 30
2 ATP’s are consumed in process to form acyl CoA
31 NADH 31 × 3 ATP = 93 129 net yield.
8 ATP Substance level = 8
phosphorylation
131
34. The value of RQ when the respiratory substances are poor in oxygen is
(1) Zero (2) Infinity
(3) Greater than one (4) Less than one
Sol. Answer (4)
Less than one e.g., in fats and proteins.
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SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Which of these statements is incorrect? [NEET-2018]
(1) Enzymes of TCA cycle are present in mitochondrial matrix
(2) Glycolysis occurs in cytosol
(3) Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in outer mitochondrial membrane
(4) Glycolysis operates as long as it is supplied with NAD that can pick up hydrogen atoms
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in inner mitochondrial membrane.
2. What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration? [NEET-2018]
(1) It functions as an enzyme.
(2) It functions as an electron carrier.
(3) It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration.
(4) It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis.
Sol. Answer (2)
In cellular respiration, NAD+ act as an electron carrier.
3. Which statement is wrong for Krebs' cycle? [NEET-2017]
(1) There are three points in the cycle where NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+
(2) There is one point in the cycle where FAD+ is reduced to FADH2
(3) During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised
(4) The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group (acetyl CoA) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid
Sol. Answer (4)
Krebs cycle starts with condensation of acetyl CoA (2C) with oxaloacetic acid (4C) to form citric acid (6C).
4. Which of the following biomolecules is common to respiration-mediated breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and
proteins? [NEET (Phase-2)-2016]
(1) Glucose-6-phosphate (2) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
(3) Pyruvic acid (4) Acetyl CoA
Sol. Answer (4)
Acetyl CoA is common to fat, carbohydrate and protein catabolism.
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(1) Lysosomes
8. Which of the metabolites is common to respiration mediated breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and proteins?
[NEET-2013]
9. The three boxes in this diagram represent the three major biosynthetic pathways in aerobic respiration. Arrows
represent net reactants or products
1 5 910
glucose Pathway A 2 6
Pathway B 7 Pathway C 11
4 8 12
3
Pathway - A Glycolysis
9, 10 FADH2 , NADH
3 NADH
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10. Read the following four statements (A-D)
(A) Both, photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involve uphill transport of protons across the
membrane
(B) In dicot stems, a new cambium originates from cells of pericycle at the time of secondary growth
(C) Stamens in flowers of Gloriosa and Petunia are polyandrous
(D) Symbiotic nitrogen-fixers occur in free-living state also in soil
How many of the above statements are right? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Two (2) Three (3) Four (4) One
Sol. Answer (1)
A and D, because in dicot stem cambium not arise from pericycle. In Gloriosa - epiphylous, while in Petunia
- epipetalous.
11. The energy releasing metabolic process in whichsubstrate is oxidised without an external electron acceptor
is called [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Photorespiration (2) Glycolysis (3) Fermentation (4) Aerobic respiration
Sol. Answer (3)
During fermentation, substrate oxidised without an external electron acceptor.
14. The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
is formed because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) There is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondiral membrane toward adenosine diphosphate
(ADP)
(2) High energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins
(3) ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space
(4) A proton gradient forms across the inner membrane
Sol. Answer (4)
Due to accumulation of protons, proton gradient form across the inner membrane.
15. The overall goal of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport system is the formation of:
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Nucleic acids (2) ATP in small stepwise units
(3) ATP in one large oxidation reaction (4) Sugars
Sol. Answer (2)
All cell are in need of energy obtained from ATP.
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16. All enzymes of TCA cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix except one which is located in inner
mitochondrial membranes in eukaryotes and in cytosol in prokaryotes. This enzyme is:
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Succinate dehydrogenase (2) Lactate dehydrogenase
(3) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (4) Malate dehydrogenase
Sol. Answer (1)
Succinate dehydrogenase present on inner mitochondrial membrane.
17. How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete
oxidation of one mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal and the useful chemical energy available in
the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is 12 kcal ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Two (2) Thirty (3) Fifty seven (4) One
Sol. Answer (3)
For maximum ATP, we take efficiency 100%
686
x 57.1 i.e., 57 ATP molecules
12
18. During which stage in the complete oxidation of glucose are the greatest number of ATP molecules formed
from ADP? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl Co-A (2) Electron transport chain
(3) Glycolysis (4) Krebs cycle
Sol. Answer (2)
ETS
10 NADH & 1 FADH2 enters ETS
10 × 3 2×2
19. Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on :
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Proton gradient (2) Accumulation of K ions
(3) Accumulation of Na ions (4) Membrane potential
Sol. Answer (1)
20. Glycolysis
(1) Takes place in the mitochondria
(2) Produces no ATP
(3) Has no connection with electron transport chain
(4) Reduces two molecules of NAD+ for every glucose molecule processed
Sol. Answer (4)
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Glucose
ATP
Hexokinase
ADP
G–6–P
Phosphofructokinase
F–6–P
ATP
phosphofructokinase
ADP
F – 1, 6 – bP
Aldolase
phosphotriose
G–3–P DHAP
2× + isomerase
NAD
PGAL dehydrogenase
NADPH (1, 3 bisphos acid)
Triose bisphosphate
2ADP (1, 3 - PGA)
Transphosphorilation
2ATP
Triose bisphosphate
(3 – PGA)
Dismutase
2 – PGA
Enolase
PEP
ADP Pyruvate
Kinase
ATP
Pyruvic acid
22. At the end of glycolysis, six carbon compound ultimately changes into
(1) Ethyl alcohol (2) Acetyl Co-A (3) Pyruvic acid (4) ATP
Sol. Answer (3)
One molecule of glucose Two molecule of Pyruvic acid.
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25. Which of the following products are obtained by anaerobic respiration from yeast?
(1) Beer and wine (2) Alcohols (3) CO2 (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Beer, wine, alcohols and CO2.
2CH3COCOOH
2CH3CHO 2CO2
Pyruvate decarboxylase
27. During the formation of bread, it becomes porous due to release of CO2 by the action of
(1) Yeast (2) Bacteria (3) Virus (4) Protozoans
Sol. Answer (1)
Yeast causes fermentation.
2CH3COCOOH
2CH3CHO 2CO2
Pyruvate decarboxylase
29. Dough kept overnight in warm weather becomes soft and spongy because of
(1) Absorption of carbon dioxide from atmosphere (2) Fermentation
(3) Cohesion (4) Osmosis
Sol. Answer (2)
During fermentation, CO2 evolved.
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30. In Krebs cycle, the FAD participates as electron acceptor during the conversion of
(1) Fumaric acid to malic acid (2) Succinic acid to fumaric acid
(3) Succinyl CoA to succinic acid (4) -ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA
31. Which of the following is the key intermediate compound linking glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?
(1) Malic acid (2) Acetyl CoA (3) NADH (4) ATP
Pyruvic acid
from glycolysis
Acetyl CoA
Enters Krebcycle
32. In which one of the following do the two names refer to one and the same thing ?
(1) Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle (2) Tricarboxylic acid cycle and citric acid cycle
(3) Citric acid cycle and Calvin cycle (4) Tricarboxylic acid cycle and urea cycle
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34. The ultimate respiratory substrate, yielding maximum number of ATP molecules, is
35. When one molecule of ATP is disintegrated, the amount of energy liberated is
(1) 1.8 kcal (2) 38 kcal (3) 8.15 kcal (4) 4.5 kcal
37. The mechanism of ATP formation both in chloroplast and mitochondria is explained by
(1) Chemiosmotic theory (2) Munch’s hypothesis (mass flow model)
(3) Relay pump theory of Godlewski (4) Cholodny-Went’s model
Sol. Answer (1)
ATP synthesis explained by P.Mitchel through chemiosmotic theory.
38. Net gain of ATP molecules, during aerobic respiration, in heart cells is
(1) 40 molecules (2) 48 molecules
(3) 36 molecules (4) 38 molecules
Sol. Answer (4)
Malate Aspartate shuttle
39. How many ATP molecules will be produced in muscles by aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 36 (4) 34
Sol. Answer (3)
Glycerol – 3 Phosphate shuttle
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40. Plants, but not animals, can convert fatty acids to sugars by a series of reactions called
(1) Photosynthesis (2) Krebs cycle (3) Glycolysis (4) Glyoxylate cycle
Sol. Answer (4)
Glyoxysome present in plants for glyoxylate cycle.
41. Pasteurization is a process, which means heating of drinks. It is carried out, at what temperature and for
how much duration?
(1) 70°C and 60 minutes (2) 80°C and 30 minutes
(3) 120°C and 60 minutes (4) 60-70°C and 30 minutes
Sol. Answer (4)
Pasteurization occurs at 60–70 °C for 30 minutes.
SECTION - D
2. A : In PPP (HMS), complete oxidation of one glucose molecule would produce 6CO2 molecules and 12 NADPH2
molecules.
R : It occurs in cytoplasm and chloroplast, in presence of O2.
Sol. Answer (2)
In PPP, 12 NADPH2 produced at the place of NADH2.
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Krebs cycle
R : Substrate level phosphorylation occurs at two steps for a glucose broken down in mitochondrial matrix.
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during Kreb cycle at one step only.
R : A number of TCA cycle intermediates are used in various catabolic reactions only.
TCA intermediates are not used in various catabolic reaction only. But in anabolic reactions also. TCA is
amphibolic because them is catabolism and anabolism.
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