About

Established in 2005, the Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) deploys graduate students to health
departments and community-based organizations throughout the region, country, and world in order to assist
with various public health projects. These deployments are practical experiential learning opportunities that
ground and enhance classroom learning while addressing emerging public health challenges.
As an approach to build the capacity of the public health workforce emerging from University of Michigan
School of Public Health, the Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) partners with academic partners and
community-based organizations locally, regionally, nationally, and globally on community service, public
health practice opportunities, workshops, speakers, and training opportunities. During the past academic year
many of our activities fit the themes of food, water, justice, and health equity. These opportunities provided
fertile training ground for the emerging public health workforce to develop their skills as thoughtful listeners,
partners, and practitioners.
For more information, please visit our website at:
https://sph.umich.edu/practice/centers-and- programs/phast/index.html

Student Project Team

District 1: Madeline DeMarco (Health Behavior & Health Education)
District 2: Angela Hong (Nutrition Science) and Amanda Richman (Epidemiology)
District 3: Kevin Liu (Nutrition Science)
District 4: Katlyn Klemoia (Epidemiology)
District 5: Amanda Canavatchel (Health Behavior & Health Education)
District 6: Emily Torres (Health Behavior & Health Education | Social Work)
District 7: Cate Vreede (Health Behavior & Health Education)
 CONTENTS
4 Introduction
Council District Profiles
Report Structure
5 Mapping Detroit
7 Local Dollars, Local Food Systems
9 Why Dollar Stores?
11 District 1
19 District 2
23 District 3
29 District 4
35 District 5
40 District 6
45 District 7
Appendices
50 Retail Food Locations in Census Block Groups Experiencing Leakage
52 References
Introduction
This report provides an overview of a project undertaken by a team of students from the University of
Michigan School of Public Health’s Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST). PHAST began partnering with
the Detroit Food Policy Council (DFPC) during fall term 2018 in order to help stakeholders in each council
district better understand their local food environments and to help the DFPC develop communication
strategies for stakeholders within each council district.
As an initial exposure to this project and partnership, students from the Nutrition Science, Health Behavior
and Health Education, Health Management and Policy, and Epidemiology departments at UM-SPH engaged in
a workshop where they interacted with data-rich maps developed for the 2017 Detroit Food Metrics report.
This workshop also included an engaged discussion with Winona Bynum, Executive Director of DFPC, on the
role of food policy councils, Detroit’s food system, food deserts vs. opportunity deserts, and the public health
implications of the Farm Bill. From the beginning, students were exploring the ways local health outcomes are
influenced by access to opportunity and to policy, whether local, national, or otherwise.
Council District Profiles
From here, a team of ten students met four times during fall term to begin developing profiles of each council
district. These meetings included deep dives into the history of the DFPC and its roots in the Detroit Black
Food Security Network; article reviews and reflections on food sovereignty, local food systems, zoning laws,
race, and income disparities; a meeting with the Detroit Health Department and Wayne State public health
students that were developing literature reviews; and early stakeholder identification and power analysis in
order to better understand the interplay of influencers, implementers, decision-makers, and other
stakeholders in a given community.
Beginning winter term, the team of students divvied up the council districts to develop community
descriptions that would identify challenges, assets, and potential opportunities in each district. We also hoped
to conduct stakeholder interviews in each council district in order to better understand each community and
to develop communication strategies. Students developed stakeholder categories (e.g. food nonprofits,
grocers, growers, food businesses, community development organizations, government), developed an
interview guide, and reached out to 63 stakeholders across Detroit. Of these 63, the team was able to conduct
13 interviews. While these interviews are rich sources of qualitative information that inform the contents of
the report, we do not feel that these interviews were enough to gain deep insights into each council district or
broad communication strategies for a given stakeholder category.
Report Structure
This report begins with an overview of our process for mapping Detroit for this project, including selection
criteria and limitations of the work. Once these are described the report provides community profiles for each
council district, including demographic data from the American Community Survey 2013-2017, community-
identified assets, stories from each district’s food environment, a retail food environment map, a profile on
the primary decision-maker in each district -- the elected city council representative and their team, and finally
each community profile ends with a list of additional stakeholders. As outsiders to Detroit, we acknowledge
our limitations, but are nonetheless excited to share our work. We look forward to seeing it spark
conversations and hope that it supports all that are engaged in Detroit’s food system.
 Mapping Detroit
As we dove into this work, we were struck by the sheer amount of
governmental, institutional, private/corporate, non-profit,
academic, community-led, and foundation-led collections of
geospatial data available for use. Sifting through these sources
presented an unexpected challenge: we hoped to develop
snapshots of the local food environment in each council district, yet
the available sources typically relied on geospatial information that
do not correspond with the council district boundaries that were
established in 2012. These sources were often available at zip code
and census tract levels, yet the data collections that most closely
correspond with the council district boundaries are at the census
City council districts with zip codes overlaid.
block group level. We targeted our efforts there, sifting through Useful for many applications, but not for this
various data sources, compiling information by census block groups project.

and mapping them onto each council district.

State County City Zip Code Census Tract Census Block Group Block Home

Less Granular Data More Granular Data

We were also driven to develop maps that display information not

readily available, either in aggregate or at all, to those engaged in
Detroit’s food environment. We learned that many Detroiters find
the food desert label problematic, pointing to undercounted food
resources, lack of opportunity, and the prevalence of food swamps
as better indicators of the challenges present in the city.1 Being
mindful of these challenges, we sought to identify sources that
involved community voice, were relevant to conversations about
Detroit’s food environment, and/or could be used to inform the
City council districts with census tracts
direction of work already happening in the city. overlaid. An imperfect fit.

Mapping Detroit 5
With these criteria in mind, we began developing and testing various
maps in order to share with stakeholders throughout Detroit’s food
system. Through this process we arrived at a collection of maps,
“Local Dollars, Local Food Systems,” that explore the retail food
environment in each district at a census block group level. These
maps include Retail Food Leakage,2 which indicates annual retail
food demand and revenue lost due to inequitable food access. This
indicator is then overlaid with the Limited Supermarket Access (LSA)
Areas analysis. Combined, these two indicators identify areas with
high enough demand to support retail food investment, low access
to food retail, and the type of intervention appropriate for each of
these areas. Each council district report includes revenue lost as well
as the percentage of census block groups identified as LSA Areas.
City council districts with census block groups
We paired this information with point data on: grocery stores, overlaid. Refined, yet still with limitations.
developed by the Detroit Food Map Initiative; dollar stores, pulled
from ReferenceUSA; and farmers markets, pulled from Detroit
Key Terms - Local Dollars, Local Food Systems
Community Markets. This was done in order to further contextualize
Retail Food Leakage - see page 7.
each council district food environment. Limited Supermarket Access (LSA) Area - see page 8.
These maps have limitations to be mindful of. First, the Full-Service Grocery Store - Conventional grocery stores, limited assortment,
natural/gourmet, supercenters, and warehouse supermarkets with at least
Reinvestment Fund uses grocery stores with at least $2 million in
$2 million in sales that provides a full-line of food items and is self-service.
sales as a proxy for healthy food access. While there is a fair amount
Superette - Grocery stores with annual sales between $1 million and $2
of evidence that supports this approach, it does undercount the million. These stores are excluded from all Limited Supermarket Access
independent grocers that many Detroiters use. We chose to include Analysis indicators because they generally offer a limited selection of healthy
all full-service grocers, regardless of size, and have indicated which food options. The Detroit Food Map project identified 3 superettes that the
ones are superettes with annual sales between $1 and $2 million. community considers grocers, so they have been included as point data and
Second, the census block groups do not perfectly align with each are indicated with an asterisk.
Dollar Stores - For the purposes of this report, “dollar stores” are based on
council district. Finally, we have not analyzed changes in retail
point data from Nielsen TDLinx from 2010 - 2016. Point data for dollar stores
demand, superettes, dollar stores, and full-service grocers over time;
from 2018-2019 are pulled from Reference USA. The 2010-2016 data
these will shift over time and remain a promising area for further includes major chains and the 2018-2019 data excludes those with less than
research. $300k in sales that have also not updated their data with Reference USA
since the beginning of 2018.

Mapping Detroit 6
Local Dollars, Local Food Systems
We’ve developed a collection of maps for each of the 7 city council districts that provide an estimate of the
amount of dollars, rounded to the nearest $1,000, that leave a census block group annually relative to
population density and car availability. It’s a measure of demand and access; the darker the shade, the less
well-served by food retailers.3

Ø 31% of Detroit’s census block groups experience retail food leakage.

Ø Median of $493,000 in retail food leakage per census block group.
Ø Average of $846,000 in lost revenue per census block group.
Ø Detroit experiences nearly $226 million in lost revenue.

-$9.9M $4.8M

$240k AVG

Percentage of census block groups Retail food leakage in each council

experiencing retail food leakage in district.
each council district.

Mapping Detroit 7
The map also includes areas designated as Limited Supermarket Access (LSA) Areas. These LSA Areas, shaded
in pink, indicate areas that face inadequate and inequitable access to food. In this analysis factors such as
population (5,000+ people), income, car ownership, and distance to existing full-line grocers are considered.
When paired with retail food leakage, these Limited Super Market Areas range from light pink to a rosy gray.
The darker the shade, the more money lost in a census block group designated as an LSA Area. The LSA
designation:
1. Helps stakeholders such as businesses, policy makers, and communities better understand the
economic impact of inequitable food access.
2. Initiates a decision tree4 that reveals how the aforementioned stakeholders might begin to approach
addressing inequitable food access, as additional resources can be brought to bear based on the level
of need and demand.i
There are 135 LSA Areas in Detroit. This means that these areas have limited access and may have sufficient
demand for the expansion of healthy retail food offerings. These areas are also eligible for backing through the
Reinvestment Fund’s ReFresh program and Healthy Food Financing Initiative, which provide financial and
technical support (e.g. impact investments, financing partners, loans, statewide LSA reports, development of
new financing initiatives in partnership with community development corporations) to LSA Area communities.
With the exception of census tract 5225, block group 1, located in District 6, all block groups with the LSA Area
designation do not appear to experience retail leakage. This may mean that the demand may not be sufficient
to support new full-service grocers, however, these areas may be ripe opportunities for farmers markets,
alternative food-access models, and the expansion of offerings at existing stores. It also calls for further
analysis of the food environment in these areas.
In order to further contextualize the LSA and food retail leakage amounts, we have also included point data
on dollar stores, full-service grocery stores, and farmers markets.

-$9.9M $4.8M Retail food leakage overlaid with Limited

Supermarket Access (LSA) areas, denoted by shades
of pink, and farmers markets, full-service grocers,
$240k AVG and dollar stores.

i
See America’s Healthy Food Financing Initiative resource page at investinginfood.com/resources for additional resources.

Mapping Detroit 8
Why Dollar Stores?
As wages stagnate while healthcare and housing costs continue to rise, many Americans find themselves in a
paycheck to paycheck cycle.5 Major dollar store chains spring up in response to this and other market data
(e.g. consumer spending habits and proximity to grocers) in order to serve as stopgaps in rural and urban
areas.6, 7 Some consider them a necessary oasis in a food desert, serving as food retailers where other
supermarkets are not willing to relocate.8 Others worry that they are an indicator of food swamps – noxious,
obesogenic environments where access to healthy food is limited and unhealthy food is available in excess.9, 10
Regardless, dollar stores often contain processed food borne of food chains that skip the local food system.
Dollar stores also disrupt local grocers, as they are able to lean on economies of scale and various subsidies to
purchase shelf-stable goods at lower prices per unit while selling them at a higher cost per ounce.11, 12 They
also employ fewer people, further reducing costs for the store and job opportunities for the local
community.13 These effectively undercut local food retailers, where margins on staffing, fresh produce, dairy,
and meat are often thin.14
In Detroit, where roughly $226
million dollars leak from nearly
1/3rd of all census block groups,
there are over 100 dollar stores
compared to 71 full-service
grocers.ii Nearly 1/3rd of all dollar
stores in Detroit are in census
block groups that experience retail
food leakage.iii The demand is
there, and dollar stores are filling
the gaps. As dollar stores continue
to fill these gaps, how might other
food retailers be affected? As
many Detroiters continue to
pursue food sovereignty,iv how
might things change?

Farmers markets, full-service grocery stores, Change in full-service grocery stores and
and dollar stores by district, 2018-2019. dollar stores from 2010 through 2018-2019.
iiSee Reinvestment Fund LSA Analysis (reference 3) and the Detroit Food Map Initiative for their methodology.
iiiThese census block groups account for nearly $27 million of the $226 million in leakage across all of Detroit. For additional details, see the
appendix and databases included with this report.
iv Food sovereignty refers to the right to access healthy, culturally appropriate, local food from sustainable food systems. For additional readings on

food sovereignty in Detroit, see Detroitfoodjustice.org or the Model D article, “Can Detroit become a food sovereign city?”

Mapping Detroit 9
District One Profile 10
 DISTRICT ONE

Population: 105,048
(0.9% Hispanic)
Full of Opportunities
“Engage, Inform, Located in Northwest Detroit, District 1
consists of about 30 neighborhoods including
Unite, & Empower15” Brightmoor, Grandmont, and Rosedale Park.
Grand River runs through the district,
As Detroit City Councilperson and District
creating a thriving business corridor. D1
One Representative James Tate says, this
actively promotes local businesses through
isn’t just a tag-line but something they do.
DI$COVER D1, an initiative dedicated to
From block clubs, to neighborhood cleanups,
encouraging residents to shop locally. The
and back-to- school events, residents here
district is also home to dozens of schools,
serve on over 70 community organizations.16
almost 100 churches, the historic Redford
They are determined to make this tagline a
Theater, and a variety of recreational
reality, not just for themselves, but for their
opportunities such as Eliza Howell Park, two
neighbors, their children, and the future of
libraries, and Northland Skating Rink -
their city.
Michigan's largest roller-skating facility.17

Top 3 Community
Identified Assets18

Schools Grocers Job

Development
Programs

District One Profile 11

Revitalizing D1
Tackling Blight and Sparking
Investment
etroit Blight Busters is a nonprofit
organization founded by John George,
lifelong resident of D1’s Brightmoor
neighborhood, that is dedicated to
revitalizing Detroit by eliminating blight. The organization
has been around for over 30 years and involves thousands
of community-volunteers each year. Its sister
organization, the Brightmoor Artisans Collective works to
empower local farmers, artisans, and neighbors. In
addition to providing spaces for the community to gather
or host events, the Brightmoor Artisans Collective also
hosts a Farmer's Market from June to October and
cultivates a number of garden plots for children and
veterans to tend to. Most of the produce from the
gardens is given out to community members in need. The
Artists Village within the Collective also has a commercial
kitchen space for offering educational classes around
topics such as small business development and nutrition -
Community space at the Brightmoor Artisans Collective. Image
many of which are offered for free. taken by Madeline DeMarco.

The Artists
Village has
brought in over
$20 million of
investments into
the community.

Community garden and mural inside of the Brightmoor Artisans

Collective. Image taken by Madeline DeMarco.

District One Profile 12

DI$COVER D1
Breathing Economic Life into the
District, One Click at a Time
eighborhood engagement is the key to the
success and revitalization of D1.
Councilperson James Tate has especially
pushed an initiative that supports small
businesses by encouraging residents to shop locally.
Grand River Avenue runs right through D1, creating a
business corridor that sustains many local businesses.
DI$COVER D1 was founded in 2015 to generate
awareness and revenue for those local businesses within
the district. The main feature of the initiative is an
interactive website that residents can use to search over
650 local businesses using filters such as “Grocery” or
“Home & Garden Services.”19
To help motivate residents to shop locally, DI$COVER D1
hosts Cash Flash events. These events offer consumers
deals at specific businesses if they shop there at a certain
time. DI$COVER D1 also has resources to help local
entrepreneurs as well. Power Hour gatherings provide
local entrepreneurs with the resources and tools they
need to successfully open and run their businesses. One
of these resources is a partnership with FoodLab Detroit,
an organization that helps empower locally-owned food
businesses. www.DiscoverD1.com is the only business
directory that covers an entire City Council District in
Detroit.20
Grown in Detroit for
Goodness Sake
Next time you're in D1, stop by Brightmoor to
visit Artesian Farms. Founded by Jeff Adams
and located in what used to be an abandoned
warehouse, Artesian Farms uses a vertical
hydroponic system to supply their community
with pesticide-free, non-GMO, and sustainably-
grown lettuce and other greens. This system
allows Artesian Farms to grow and harvest all
year long while using less land and 90% less
water than traditional farming methods.21
As their motto, "Grown in Detroit for Goodness
Sake" implies, Artesian Farms is dedicated to
growing their community as well. All of their
employees live in the Brightmoor
neighborhood, and they help to flight blight by
re-purposing vacant spaces.

The Old Redford neighborhood

is home to one of only two
Meijer locations in all of Detroit.
It is also Michigan’s only Meijer
located within the boundaries
of a residential neighborhood.
A young man harvests basil from a hydroponic system at
Artesian Farms. Credit: TBD Magazine, photo by Jacob
Lewkow

District One Profile 13

Local Food Environment
istrict One is a thriving community full of residents who take
great pride in the neighborhoods they live in. Some of the
greatest strengths of D1 lie in the power of the community

2
Farmers Markets
Detroit Community Markets (2019)
Source: PantryNet (2017)
to band together in order to support local businesses as well as promote
neighborhood well-being. There are still challenges facing D1, though.
For example, residents identify some of their top concerns as blight, the
high cost of auto-insurance, the large number of marijuana dispensaries
in the district, access to healthy food, and gun violence.22
The Power of Community
D1 is home to more than 70 community organizations such as block
clubs, neighborhood and business associations. Some of these

8
organizations have been around for more than 100 years.23 Many of
these organizations serve to reduce blight, increase community safety,
provide access to healthy food, and clean-up neighborhoods.

Starting by Feeding its Youngest Members

Full-Service Grocers
Detroit Food Map Initiative (2018)
Source: PantryNet (2017)
The Taskforce on Black Male
Engagement partners with Peace
Tree Parks and Advanced Disposal
to plant gardens on school
campuses, empowering youth to
62%
of D1 residents said that
access to healthy food is a
priority for community

209
Gardens and Farms
Keep Growing Detroit (2017)
Source: PantryNet (2017)
grow and eat their own food.
health.
Community gardens like this are a University of Michigan Detroit
Metropolitan Area Community Study
popular form of youth engagement
(2018)
in D1, with some residents even
starting gardens in their own backyard that youth can volunteer at and
share in some of the profits that come from selling the produce at
Eastern Market. However, there are still challenges with getting food to
children in D1. Even here though, one can see the power of community
with organizations working tirelessly to figure out how best to get food
to kids in the Brightmoor neighborhood.

13
Food Pantries
Change in full-service
grocery stores and
dollar stores from 2010
through 2018-2019
PantryNet (2017)

District One Profile 14

Local Dollars, Local Food Systems
This map provides an estimate of the amount of dollars, rounded to the nearest $1,000, that leave a census
block group annually relative to population density and car availability. It’s a measure of demand and access,
the darker the shade, the less well-served by food retailers. In District 1:

Ø 32% (41 out of 127) of block groups experience retail food leakage.
Ø Median of $376,000 in leakage among these census block groups.
Ø Average of $679,000 in leakage among these census block groups.
Ø District 1 experiences nearly $28 million in retail food leakage.
The map also includes block groups designated as Limited Supermarket Access (LSA) areas. These areas,
shaded in grays and pinks, indicate where community members face inadequate and inequitable access to
food. The LSA designation helps stakeholders better understand the economic impact of inequitable food
access. In District One:

Ø Nearly 6% (7 out of 127) of these block groups are designated as LSA.

The LSA areas in District One do not experience retail food leakage. This may mean that the demand is not
sufficient to support a new full-line grocer, however, these areas may be ripe opportunities for farmers
markets, alternative food-access models, and the expansion of offerings at existing stores.

-$4M $2.5M

$240k AVG

District One Profile 15

 Councilman James Tate
Background
Ø Lifelong resident of District 1
Ø Benedictine High School grad
Ø Wayne State grad
Ø Emmy-award winner at WXYZ-TV
Ø Former 2nd Deputy Chief for the
Detroit Police Department.
Ø 1st elected to City Council as an at-
large member in 2009.
Ø Elected as first council member for
District 1 in 2013 with 68% of votes.24
Ø Re-elected to District 1 in 2017 with
ames Tate has lived in D1 his entire life. 71% of votes.
He graduated from Wayne State
University and served as Second Deputy Interests
Chief of the Detroit Police Department
before being elected to City Council in 2009. Tate Ø Economic Development
sits on the City Council Standing Committees for Ø Community Engagement
Planning, Economic, and Internal Operations. He is
also the Chair for the Task Force on Black Male Ø Black Male Empowerment
Engagement. Councilmember Tate believes strongly Ø Accessible Government
in accessible government. He hosts monthly
meetings as well as bi-weekly satellite hours in order Staff
to keep district residents informed about the goings
on in their community. Tate is the creator of
Latrice McClendon
DI$COVER D1, the city's only district-wide business
District Manager
directory. He also sits on the Detroit Zoological mcclendonl@detroit.mi.gov
Society and Authority Health boards.

Kya Robertson
"As a major city looking to Deputy Manager
revitalize itself, it is important robertsonkya@detroit.mi.gov

that we build on our

Tenecia Johnson
strengths" Business Liaison
- James Tate tjohnson@degc.org

District One Profile 16

Additional Stakeholders
Neighborhood Growers Schools
Organizations Ø Artesian Farms Ø Burns Elementary-
Ø Greening of Detroit Middle School
Ø Brightmoor Alliance
Ø Greydale Farms Ø Communication &
Ø Grandmont-Rosedale
Ø Farm City Media Arts HS
Development
Ø Cooke Elementary
Corporation
Ø Motor City Blight Grocers School
Ø Cornerstone Health &
Blusters Ø Apollo Market
Technology School
Ø Schoolcraft Ø Food Giant
Ø Detroit Community
Improvement Supermarket
Schools - Elementary &
Association Ø Glory Foods Telegraph
High School
Ø Neighbors Building Ø Greenfield Market
Ø Detroit Leadership
Brightmoor Ø Meijer
Academy
Ø Southfield Jefferies Ø New Redford Food
Ø Detroit Service Learning
Business Association Center
Academy
Ø Royal Fresh Market
Ø Dossin Elementary-
Non-Profits Ø Superland Market
Middle School
Ø Forgotten Harvest Ø Edison Elementary
Ø Gleaners School
Ø ProsperUS Ø Emerson Elementary-
Ø The Heat and Warmth Middle School
Fund (THAW) Ø Ford High School
Ø Gompers Elementary-
Middle School
Ø King, John R. Academic
& Performing Arts
Academy
Ø Ludington Magnet
Middle School

District One Profile 17

Appendices
Retail Food Locations in Census Block Groups Experiencing Leakage
District 1
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Dollar Senter Dollar Store 21201 W 8 Mile Rd -$2,043,000 261635409002
Meijer Grocery 21431 Grand River -$430,000 261635432002
Food Giant Supermarket Grocery 14040 Greenfield Rd -$412,000 261635373001
Dollar Value Plus 5 Dollar Store 13577 Greenfield Rd -$396,000 261635426001
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 18201 Schoolcraft -$235,000 261635427001

District 2
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Meijer Grocery 1301 W 8 Mi Rd -$1,306,000 261635080002
Dollar Paradise Store Dollar Store 2960 W Davison -$562,000 261635316001
Dollar General Dollar Store 3000 W Davison -$562,000 261635316001
Mikes Fresh Market Grocery 19195 Livernois -$324,000 261635389003
Dollar Store of Southfield Dollar Store 7970 W Outer Dr -$137,000 261635404004
Glory Supermarket Grocery 8000 W Outer Dr -$137,000 261635404004
Save A Lot Grocery 13750 Fenkell -$12,000 261635370002
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 15495 Schaefer Hwy -$12,000 261635370002

District 3
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Glory Foods Grocery 12230 E 8 Mile Rd -$2,584,000 261635032003
Super Star Dollar Store Dollar Store 12220 E 8 Mile Rd -$2,584,000 261635032003
Farmer John Food Center Grocery 9731 Harper -$1,896,000 261635055002
Imperial Supermarket Grocery 1940 E 8 Mile -$1,555,000 261635068002
Dollar Tree Dollar Store 2050 E 8 Mile Rd -$1,555,000 261635068002
Dollar General Dollar Store 10220 Gratiot Ave -$1,450,000 261635055001
Saveway Supermarket Grocery 13233 E 7 Mile Rd -$1,041,000 261635033001
Dollar General Dollar Store 20164 Van Dyke St -$993,000 261635051001
Banglatown Farmers Market Farmers Market 12818 Joseph Campau -$679,000 261635105003
7 Mile Foods Inc Grocery 8139 E Seven Mile -$645,000 261635051003
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 401 E 7 Mile Rd -$602,000 261635081001
New Merchant Food Center Dollar Store 2819 E 7 Mile Rd -$565,000 261635074001
Mikes Fresh Market Dollar Store 14383 Gratiot -$513,000 261635034002
Dollar Center Dollar Store 15405 Gratiot #500 -$487,000 261635031001
Aldi Dollar Store 15415 Gratiot Ave -$487,000 261635031001

50
District 4
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Dollar General Dollar Store 12815 E Jefferson Ave -$3,229,000 261635129002
Dollar General Dollar Store 4705b Conner St -$1,234,000 261635126003
Dollar General Dollar Store 13341 E 7 Mile Rd -$740,000 261635004001
TLC Dollar Plus & Candy Dollar Store 17222 E Warren Ave -$665,000 261635017001
Aldi Inc #72 Grocery 14708 Mack Ave -$509,000 261635126001
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 14642 Mack Ave -$509,000 261635126001
Mazen Foods Grocery 12740 GRATIOT -$245,000 261635039002
Harper Food Center Grocery 13999 Harper Ave -$218,000 261635042004
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 14305 Harper Ave -$218,000 261635042004
Dollar Tree Dollar Store 10946 Gratiot Ave -$57,000 261635044003
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 10950 Gratiot Ave -$57,000 261635044003

District 5
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 2322 W Grand Blvd -$2,479,000 261635223002
Sav-Mart Supermarket Grocery 7011 Gratiot Ave -$1,184,000 261635161001
Meldrum Fresh Market Farmers Market 1264 Meldrum Street -$962,000 261635164002
Indian Village Market Grocery 8415 E Jefferson Ave -$911,000 261635154002
Save-A-Lot Grocery 3681 Gratiot Ave -$728,000 261635186002
Dollar General Dollar Store 1559 E Lafayette St -$87,000 261635170001
Lafayette Foods Grocery 1565 E Lafayette -$87,000 261635170001

District 6
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Whole Foods Market Grocery 115 Mack Ave -$7,777,000 261635175002
University Food Center Grocery 1131 W Warren Ave -$3,213,000 261635219002
Vernor Food Center Grocery 8801 W Vernor -$927,000 261635242005
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 4645 W Vernor Hwy -$724,000 261635238002
Dollar General Dollar Store 6365 W Vernor Hwy -$724,000 261635238002
Dollar Center Dollar Store 6415 W Vernor Hwy -$724,000 261635238002
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 8115 W Vernor Hwy -$397,000 261635242001
CHASS Mercado Farmers Market 5635 West Fort Street -$333,000 261635250002
Garden Fresh Marketplace Grocery 6680 Michigan Ave -$281,000 261635258002
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 4271 Livernois Ave -$281,000 261635258002
Dollar Haven Plus Dollar Store 7514 Michigan Ave -$247,000 261635258001
Gigante Prince Valley Inc Grocery 5931 Michigan Ave -$240,000 261635256001

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 Dollar Tree Dollar Store 6138 W Vernor Hwy -$33,000 261635232001
E & L Supermercado Grocery 6000 W Vernor Hwy -$33,000 261635232001

District 7
Retail Food Provider Type Address Leakage Census Block Group
Dollar Days Dollar Store 20130 Joy Rd -$1,862,000 261635454001
Livernois Foods Grocery 13230 Livernois Ave -$1,670,000 261635305003
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 12603 Dexter Ave -$875,000 261635305001
Family Dollar Store Dollar Store 19848 Joy Rd -$325,000 261635467004
Dollar Tree Dollar Store 18611 Joy Rd -$318,000 261635460004
Sowing Seeds Growing Futures Farmers Market 18900 Joy Road -$308,000 261635467003
Banner Supermarket Grocery 14424 Schaefer -$216,000 261635371001
Americana Food Store Grocery 15041 Plymouth -$2,000 261635353004

References
1
Detroit Food Metrics Report 2017. Detroit Food Policy Council & Detroit Health Department.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/10yhmcym2lm68ap/DFMR17%20Report%20120717%20FINAL.pdf?dl=0. Published December 7, 2017.
Accessed March 4, 2019.
2
Assessing Place-Based Access to Healthy Food: The Limited Supermarket Access (LSA) Analysis. Reinvestment Fund.
https://www.reinvestment.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/LSA_2018_Report_web.pdf. Published July 2018. Accessed April 2,
2019.
3
Reinvestment Fund Estimated Retail Food Leakage in Dollars as of 2016. Policymap,
https://umich.policymap.com/maps?p=141880&i=9966790&btd=15&period=2016&cx=-
83.09954293498805&cy=42.35278709590449&cz=12. Accessed April 2, 2019
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Koprak, J, Schrecker, B, Robinson, M. Access to Healthy Food: Leveraging Data for Community Results. The Food Trust and The
Reinvestment Fund. https://communityindicators.net/wp-
content/uploads/2017/12/2015_Koprak_Schrecker_Robinson_Access_to_Healthy_Food.pdf. Accessed June 26, 2019.
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ALICE: The Consequences of Insufficient Household Income. United Way.
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2017. Accessed June 26, 2019.
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Dollar Store Impacts Fact Sheet. Institute for Local Self-Reliance. https://ilsr.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/12/Dollar_Store_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Published December 6, 2018. Accessed June 26, 2019.
7
Meyersohn, Nathaniel. Why Dollar General thrives even in a hot economy. CNN Money.
https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/30/news/companies/dollar-general-dollar-tree-walmart-target-economy/index.html. Published August
30, 2018. Accessed June 26, 2019.
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McGreal, Chris. Where even Walmart won’t go: how Dollar General took over rural America. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/aug/13/dollar-general-walmart-buhler-haven-kansas. Published August 13, 2018.
Accessed June 26, 2019.

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Walker, R, Keane, C, Burke, J. Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: A review of food deserts literature. Health
and Place. 2010. 16(5); 876-884. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829210000584?via%3Dihub. Accessed
April 2, 2019.
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Rose, D, Bodor, N et al. Deserts in New Orleans? Illustrations of Urban Food Access and Implications for Policy.
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2019.
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Eskenazi, Joe. Dollar stores are thriving - but are they ripping off poor people? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-
news/2018/jun/28/dollar-store-ripping-people-off-poverty-inequality. Published June 28, 2018. Accessed June 26, 2019.
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King, Noel, Gonzalez, Sarah. Planet Money Episode 909: Dollar Stores Vs Lettuce. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=717664332. Published April 26, 2019. Accessed June 26, 2019.
13
2018 Dollar General Annual Report & 2019 Proxy Statement. Dollar General. https://investor.dollargeneral.com/static-
files/3a775a9d-4291-424c-8bbe-3ae948d06da4. Accessed June 26, 2019.
14
2017 Independent Grocers Survey Released. National Grocers Association. https://www.nationalgrocers.org/news/2017-
independent-grocers-survey-released/. Published May 15, 2017. Accessed June 26, 2019.
15
Councilman James Tate. Engage. Inform. Unite. Empower. It's not... - Councilman James Tate.
https://www.facebook.com/CouncilmemberTate/photos/engage-inform-unite-empowerits-not-just-our-slogan-its-what-we-do-the-
only-counc/10155289894541928/. Published August 4, 2017. Accessed April 19, 2019.
16
District 1 2018 Year End Review. https://www.slideshare.net/District1Detroit/district-1-2018-year-end-review-booklet. Accessed
April 18, 2019.
17
Williams AJ. Taking a Closer Look at Detroit, District by District, Starting with District 1. Michigan Chronicle.
https://michiganchronicle.com/2014/07/02/taking-a-closer-look-at-detroit-district-by-district-starting-with-district-1/. Published July 2,
2014. Accessed April 18, 2019
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2018 Detroit Community Health Assessment. Detroit Health Department. https://detroitmi.gov/sites/detroitmi.localhost/files/2019-
04/4pm_April11_DHD_report.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2019
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Detroit, MI | Shop Local in District 1 Detroit. DI$COVER D1. https://discoverd1.com/. Accessed April 19, 2019.
20
City Council District 1. City of Detroit. https://detroitmi.gov/government/city-council/city-council-district-1. Accessed April 19,
2019.
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Grown in Detroit for goodness sake! Artesian Farms. https://artesianfarms.com/. Accessed April 19, 2019.
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Stafford K. Districts 1-3 city council questionnaires: Candidates address issues facing Detroit. Detroit Free Press.
https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/07/31/city-council-questionnaires-candidates-address-issues-facing-
detroit/517552001/. Published July 30, 2017. Accessed April 18, 2019.
23
District 1 2016 Year End Review. 2016. https://www.slideshare.net/District1Detroit/d1-2016-year-end-review-booklet Accessed
April 18, 2019.
24
James Tate. https://localwiki.org/detroit/James_Tate. Accessed April 18, 2019.
25
Foley A. A closer look at the 10 Detroit areas selected for Strategic Neighborhood Fund 2.0. The Neighborhoods.
26
Williams A. Destination Detroit: Taking a Closer Look at District 2. Destination Detroit.
https://michiganchronicle.com/2014/07/09/destination-detroit-taking-a-closer-look-at-district-2/. Accessed April 18, 2019.
27
The Spirit of Detroit. The Neighborhoods. https://www.theneighborhoods.org/districts/district-3. Accessed June 26, 2019.
28
Detroit Health Department. 2018 Detroit Community Health Assessment.https://detroitmi.gov/sites/detroitmi.localhost/files/2019-
04/4pm_April11_DHD_report.pdf. Accessed June 26, 2019
29
City Council District 3. City of Detroit. https://detroitmi.gov/government/city-council/city-council-district-3. Accessed June 26,
2019.
30
Williams AJ. A Closer Look at Detroit's District 3. The Michigan Chronicle. https://michronicleonline.com/2014/07/23/a-closer-
look-at-detroits-district-3/. Published July 23, 2014. Accessed June 26, 2019.

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Williams AJ. Destination Detroit: A closer look at Detroit's District 5. The Michigan Chronicle.
https://michiganchronicle.com/2014/08/06/destination-detroit-a-closer-look-at-detroits-district-5/. Published August 6, 2014. Accessed
June 26, 2019.
32
Source is 500 Cities index, hosted on data.authorityhealth.org

Image References
All maps were designed in Carto and exported as png files. All graphs were designed in Infogram and exported
as png files. All icons were downloaded from the Noun Project, resized, and desaturated under a Creative
Commons 3.0 license. Credit goes to the respective artists:

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