Basic Electrical Engineering (ESci 127 and Meng 122n)

WORKSHEET 1
Name: Jomari T. Satorre Course & Year: BSME – 2
Instructor: Philip Caesar Ebit Score:
Instructions: Answer the following items with a complete statement that described as the best
answer.
1. Name the principal factors which make electricity so useful and so important, with
particular reference to flexibility, generation, transmission, and uses.
 Electricity is so useful and important because in our age today, electricity almost
runs everything from technology and innovation, companies, factories,
manufacturing, building, and even in day to day interaction, we exhibit the use
of electricity. One particular mantra during power interruptions, is that we
always ask when will it be back? Electricity is flexible in various ways, but the
notable about it is, it can easily transform or change from one form of energy to
another for example from mechanical to electrical and vice versa, and electrical
to heat energy. It can be generated in a lot of ways making it reliable and
sufficient, like from wind turbines, coal, and geothermal powerplants. Due to
the evolution and discoveries of electricity, communication is made easy,
wireless transmission became a thing, technology benefited a lot from
electricity. Electricity is also helpful to the environment because it doesn’t
produce CO2 which is harmful to the environment.

2. Describe the mechanism of current flow according to modern theory. In what important
respect does the atomic structure of insulators differ from that of conductors?
 The mechanism of current flow is like the water flowing from a faucet to the
drainage, and is in continuous motion unless prevented by an external force.
The current flows from negative to positive. In insulator in keeps the electrons
from jumping from one atom to another, while conductors allow the electrons
from jump shipping to one electron to another.

3. Discuss the principle ways by which resistance manifest itself in an electric circuit in
which current flows. According to modern theory, how may the power loss in resistance
be accounted for by the action of electrons? What is the mechanical analogue of
resistance?
 Resistance manifest itself through the form of heat, approximately one joule is
the power loss in resistance be accounted for by the action of electrons. The
mechanical analogue of resistance is friction, with basis to their definition.

4. What substances are the best conductors? What substances are insulators? Discuss any
boundary which may exist between conductors and insulators. Compare the relative
resistivities of a good conductor and a good insulator.
 Conductors are substances that allows the flow of electrons, the best-known
conductors are metals, and the most conductive metal is silver followed by
copper. Insulators are substances that prevents the flow of electrons, example
 are glass, plastic, and rubber. Conductors has a low resistivity, whereas
insulators have high resistivity just like their meaning implies.

5. Name and define the unit of resistance.

 The name and unit of resistance is ohms, it is the measurement of the opposing
force that prevents the flow of electricity.

6. With constant cross-section, how does the resistance of a homogeneous substance vary
with its length? With constant length, how does the resistance of a homogeneous
substance vary with its cross-section? What factors other than the geometrical shape of
a body of determine its resistance?
 With constant cross-section, the resistance of a homogeneous substance is
directly proportional to its length. With constant length, the resistance of a
homogeneous substance is inversely proportional to its cross-section. Other than
the geometrical shape, is the electrical resistivity of a specific material such as
if it is copper or silver.

7. Define volume resistivity. Upon what factors does it depend? If the volume of a given
substance is fixed, how does the resistivity vary with the length? With the cross-
section?
 Volume resistivity is basically the resistivity of a circuit with respect to its
volume. The factors are as follows the specific electric resistivity of the
substance, its length, its area, and its volume. If a given volume is fixed, the
resistivity is directly proportional to the square of the length, while the
resistivity is inversely proportional to the square of the area.