∞

!
(x/n)s
Z
−
X 1
ψ(x , χ) + χ(x)Λ(x)/2 = χ(n)Λ(n) ∗ ds
n=1
2πi (c) s
Next we show
(y)s yc
Z   
ds − δ(y) = O if y 6= 1 and O(c/T ) otherwise
 
s max{1, T | log y|}

|Im(s)|≤T

(T | log y| part is infinite box. 1 part is a semicircle. For y = 1, we compute directly.)

Therefore
 
Z 0 s ∞
L (s, χ) (x) X
ψ(x− , χ) = − ds+O  (Λ(n)/(x/n)c )/ max{1, T | log y|}+c/T ∗Λ(x)
|Im(s)|≤T L(s, χ) s
n=1,n6=x

Next we show this error bound is O(xT −1 log2 x) We pick c

P c = 1 + c1/ log x so that x = ex.
Then P for n < 3x/4, n > 5x/4, the contribution is  Λ(n)(x/n) / max{1, T | log(x/n)|} 
∞
xT −1 n=1 Λ(n)/ns  xT −1 log x
P n = x − v for some v < x/4, and then log(x/n) ≥ v/x. Therefore the
For 3x/4 < n < x, we have
total contribution is  v<x/4 Λ(x − v) ∗ T −1 ∗ x/v  xT −1 log2 x

L0 1
P
Next we complete the contour and recall that L (s, χ) = |γ−T |<1 s−ρ + O(log(qT )) and the num-
0
ber of summands is also O(log(qt)). Therefore, everywhere along the contour we get, LL (s, χ) =
O(log2 (qt))
Rc 0 Rc 2
For the top and bottom contours, −.5 LL (s, χ)(xs /s)ds  log2 (qT ) −∞ |xs /s|ds  x log (qT )
T log x
R −.5+iT L0 −.5+iT
And the vertical contour is −.5−iT L (s, χ)(xs /s)ds  log(qt) −.5−iT |xs /s|ds  log(qT ) log T /x.5
R

So ψ(x− , χ) + χ(x)Λ(x)/2 = residues + O(x log2 (qT x)/T )

P

.5
zero-free region for zeta gives β < 1 − c/ log T . We can pick T = e(log x) and get the final re-
sult.
.5 1/2
Similarly, if we pick q = e(log x) , we have an error term of xe−c(log x)
However, there still could be one exceptional zero resulting in a xβ /β term. So we need to bound
β. By the mean value theorem, L(1, χ) = (1 − β) ∗ L0 (σ, χ)
We show |L(j) (s, χ)| Pj∞Q
max{0,1−σ}
(log Q)j+1
(j)
Because L (s, χ) = n=1 χ(n)(− log n)j /ns ,
N N
X χ(n)(log n)j max{0,1−σ} j
X
| s
| ≤ N (log N ) 1/n  N max{0,1−σ} (log N )j+1
n=1
n n=1

n)j √ )j
Partial summation yields n>N χ(n)(log  |s| q log q (logNN
P
√ ns σ

Taking N = 1+ floor(|s| q) completes the proof

L(1,χ)
Therefore, 1 − β  q1−β log2 q
 L(1,χ)
log2 q