1.

One of the consultants said that ubiquity of Information Technology (IT) has
considerably increased over the past years.

a. Define the term ubiquity and describe ubiquitous nature of IT in;

i. Education

ii. Business

iii. Medicine

Ubiquitous computing also known as pervasive computing, is the growing trend of

embedding computational capability (generally in the form of microprocessors) into
everyday objects to make them effectively communicate and perform useful tasks in a
way that minimizes the end user's need to interact with computers as computers.
Ubiquitous computing devices are network-connected and constantly available.

Unlike desktop computing, pervasive computing can occur with any device, at any
time, in any place and in any data format across any network, and can hand tasks from
one computer to another as, for example, a user moves from his car to his office. Thus,
pervasive computing devices have evolved to include not
only laptops, notebooks and smartphones, but also tablets, wearable devices, fleet
management and pipeline components, lighting systems, appliances and sensors, and
so on.

The goal of pervasive computing is to make devices "smart," thus creating a sensor
network capable of collecting, processing and sending data, and, ultimately,
communicating as a means to adapt to the data's context and activity; in essence, a
network that can understand its surroundings and improve the human experience and
quality of life.

Pervasive computing, generally involve wireless communication and networking

technologies, mobile devices, embedded systems, wearable
computers, RFID tags, middleware and software agents. Internet capabilities, voice
recognition and artificial intelligence are often also included.

An example of pervasive computing is an Apple Watch informing a user of a phone

call and allowing him to complete the call through the watch. Or, when a registered
user for Amazon's streaming music service asks her Echo device to play a song, and
the song is played without any other user intervention.
 Ubiquitous nature of IT in Education

Electronic learning (or e-learning) and mobile learning or

(m-learning) have been at the heart of the ubiquitous environment
concepts and theory. Because of this, educators across the world
have begun to consider ways by which this technology can be applied
to improve collaborative learning, accessibility and other
fundamental concepts in education

With such an effort, consideration of the potential services such as

attendance and connectivity (via wireless and sensor technology)
which could be offered by schools have been commonly proposed.

Computer based education has become increasingly prevalent across

the spectrum of its areas in education system as the results have
been clearly proven up to the rise in Web 2.0 technology, however
these technologies do not always have a place at all institutions
where resources and acquisition are commonly a problem (Jones and
Jo, 2004).

The influx of online learning programs during the mid to late 1990s
has given rise to continuing extensions of technological feats with
academic applications (Fig. 6). This initial development was a
revolutionary breakthrough for all of the participating educational
institutions and the ULE has a similar potential to offer new levels of
accessibility and academic participation.

Medical
Naturally, such an implementation involves both the investment and
risk. Moreover, the absence of these issues would have resulted in
even further experimental knowledge and observations of results in
students and faculty in these areas (Savill-Smith and Kent, 2003).
Programs such as Second Life allow for students to use mobile
technology to conduct medical simulations, simulating real-life
situations as well as inherent medical risks for an optimized learning
experience (Varvello et al., 2008).

b. In addition, he stated that many large companies are using automated

responses to greet customers and respond to their queries.

(i) What is an automated response?

(ii) Briefly describe the benefits and drawbacks of automated responses

2. The next consultant elaborated on the computer architecture and data

processing.

(a) In relation to the computer architecture, describe the machine cycle

and

differentiate between the I-Time and E-Time

(b) He also mentioned that the modern types of ROM include

Programmable ROM

(PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM) and Electrically

Erasable

Programmable ROM (EEPROM). Describe

i. PROM

ii. EPROM

iii. EEPROM

3. (a) The consultants also talked about computer output. Describe the
different types of

computer output

(b) They also mentioned that prolonged use of the computer can cause health
problems

Identify three health problems associated with using the computer for long
periods of time

and what solutions should be taken to avoid the problems you mentioned