Chapter 04 Homework Assignment

10/18/2019 Chapter 04 Homework Assignment
Chapter 04 Homework Assignment

Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, October 3, 2019
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Newton's 1st Law
Learning Goal:
To understand Newton's 1st law.
Newton's Principia states this first law of motion:

An object subject to no net force maintains its state of motion, either at rest or at constant speed in a right line.
This law may be stated as follows: If the vector sum of all forces acting on an object is zero, then the acceleration of that object
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
is zero. Mathematically this is just a special case of the 2nd law of motion, F net = ma⃗ when F net = 0 , prompting scholars to
advance the following reasons (among others) for Newton's spelling it out separately:
1. This expression only holds in an inertial coordinate system--one that is not accelerating--and this law really says
you have to use this type of coordinate system (i.e., Newton's laws won't work inside an accelerating rocket ship.)
2. This was a direct challenge to the Impetus theory of motion, described as follows:
A mover, while moving a body, impresses on it a certain impetus, a certain power capable of moving this body in
the direction in which the mover set it going, whether upwards, downwards, sideways or in a circle. By the same
amount that the mover moves the same body swiftly, by that amount is the impetus that is impressed on it
powerful. It is by this impetus that the stone is moved after the thrower ceases to move it; but because of the
resistance of the air and the gravity of the stone, which inclines it to move in a direction opposite to that towards
which the impetus tends to move it, this impetus is continually weakened. Therefore the movement of the stone will
become continually slower, and at length, the impetus is so diminished or destroyed that the gravity of the stone
prevails over it and moves the stone down towards its natural place.
A. C. Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science</>

This theory is sometimes called the Animistic theory of motion since it envisions a "life force" being associated with
motion.
Newton's 1st law is often very difficult to grasp because it contradicts various common-sense ideas of motion that may have
been acquired from experience in everyday life. For example, unaccounted for forces like friction might cause a ball rolling on the
playground to eventually stop, even though no obvious forces seem to be acting.
When studying Newtonian mechanics, it is best to remember this as two laws:
1. If the net force (i.e., vector sum of all forces) acting on an object is zero, the object will keep moving with constant
velocity (which may be zero).
2. If an object is moving with constant velocity (not speed), that is, with zero acceleration, then the net force acting on
that object must be zero.
Complete the following sentences to see if you can apply these ideas.
Part A
If a car is moving to the left with constant velocity, one can conclude that
ANSWER:
Typesetting math: 100%
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=7488215 1/23
there must be no forces exerted on the car.
the net force exerted on the car is directed to the left.
the net force exerted on the car is zero.
there is exactly one force exerted on the car.
Correct
Part B
An object cannot remain at rest unless
ANSWER:
there are no forces at all exerted on it.
the net force exerted on it is zero.
the net force exerted on it is constant.
there is only one force exerted on it.
Correct
A Book on a Table
A book weighing 5 N rests on top of a table.
Part A
A downward force of magnitude 5 N is exerted on the book by the force of
ANSWER:
the table
gravity .
inertia
Correct
Part B
An upward force of magnitude _____ is exerted on the _____ by the table.
ANSWER:
6 N / table
5 N / table
5 N / book
6 N / book
Correct
Part C
Do the downward force in Part A and the upward force in Part B constitute a 3rd law pair?
Hint 1. The force of gravity

The force of gravity is another name for the force exerted by the earth (or any astronomical object) on objects near
its surface.
Hint 2. Exploring Newton's 3rd law

Indicate whether the following statements about Newton's 3rd law are true, false, or indeterminate.
1. According to Newton's 3rd law, every real force has a unique pair force.
2. The pair force is called a "fictitious force."
3. The force and pair force must act on different point masses.
4. The force and the pair force must always have the same magnitude and must also act in exactly
opposite directions.
Enter t for true, f for false, or i for indeterminate for each statement, separating the answers with commas
(e.g., if all but the first statement were true, you would enter f,t,t,t).
ANSWER:
, , ,
t f t t
ANSWER:
yes
no
Correct
Part D
The reaction to the force in Part A is a force of magnitude _____, exerted on the _____ by the _____. Its direction is _____ .
Hint 1. The force of gravity
The force of gravity is another name for the force exerted by the earth (or any astronomical object) on objects near
its surface.
ANSWER:
5 N / earth / book / upward
5 N / book / table / upward
5 N / book / earth / upward
5 N / earth / book / downward
Correct
Part E
The reaction to the force in Part B is a force of magnitude _____, exerted on the _____ by the _____. Its direction is _____.
ANSWER:
5 N / table / book / upward
5 N / table / earth / upward
5 N / book / table / upward
5 N / table / book / downward
5 N / earth / book / downward
Correct
Part F
Which of Newton's laws could we have used to predict that the forces in Parts A and B are equal and opposite?
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
Newton's 1st law
Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 3rd law
Correct
Since the book is at rest, either Newton's 1st or 2nd law can tell us that the net force on it must be zero. This
means that the force exerted on it by the earth must be equal and opposite to the force exerted on it by the table.
Part G
Which of Newton's laws could we have used to predict that the forces in Parts B and E are equal and opposite?
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
Newton's 1st law
Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 3rd law
Correct
Pulling Two Blocks
In the situation shown in the figure, a person is pulling with a constant, nonzero force F ⃗ on string 1, which is attached to block A.
Block A is also attached to block B via string 2, as shown.
For this problem, assume that neither string stretches and that friction is negligible. Both blocks have finite (nonzero) mass.
Part A
Which one of the following statements correctly descibes the relationship between the accelerations of blocks A and B?
Hint 1. Relative movement of the blocks
The two masses are connected (by string 2), which means, if they are being pulled, they must move together.
ANSWER:
Block A has a larger acceleration than block B.
Block B has a larger acceleration than block A.
Both blocks have the same acceleration.
More information is needed to determine the relationship between the accelerations.
Correct
Since the two blocks are connected, they won't move independently when string 1 is pulled. As block A is
accelerated, its motion will impart the same acceleration to block B.
Part B
How does the magnitude of the tension in string 1, T1 , compare with the tension in string 2, T2 ?
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
Suppose that block A has a mass m. Draw a free-body diagram for block A, then write down Newton's 2nd law for
block A's horizontal motion. What is the tension T1 ?
Express the tension in terms of T2 , m, and the block's acceleration a.

Hint 1. Free-body diagram for block A
Taking the positive direction to be to the right, what is the net horizontal force acting on block A? (Note that, in
the figure, forces are not drawn to scale.)
Express your answer in terms of T1 , T2 , nA ,

and wA .
ANSWER:
F = ma = T1 − T2
ANSWER:
T1 = ma + T2
ANSWER:
T1 > T2
T1 = T2
T1 < T2
More information is needed to determine the relationship between T1 and T2 .
Correct
The force transmitted through string 1 (proportional to T1 ) must be enough to accelerate both blocks, but the force
transmitted through string 2 only needs to accelerate block B. Consider the case where block A is very heavy and
block B is very light: In this case, string 2 would only need to supply a tiny amount of tension to keep the blocks
connected as block A is pulled around.
Enhanced EOC: Exercise 4.10
A dockworker applies a constant horizontal force of 81.0 N to a block of ice on a smooth horizontal floor. The frictional force is
negligible. The block starts from rest and moves a distance 10.0 m in a time of 4.80 s .
You may want to review (Pages 112 - 117) .

For general problem-solving tips and strategies for this topic, you may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of Determining force
from acceleration.
Part A
What is the mass of the block of ice?

Start by drawing a sketch of the block of ice and its motion across the smooth horizontal floor. Create a standard
coordinate system, and draw all the forces on the block.
Do you need to worry about the vertical forces (gravity and the surface’s normal force) on the block? Why?
You know the force applied horizontally on the block. To determine its mass, what other quantity must you find? How
can you use the information provided about the block’s motion to help you determine that other quantity?
ANSWER:
m = 93.3 kg
Correct
Part B
If the worker stops pushing after 4.80 s , how far does the block move in the next 5.90 s ?
To find out how far something moves in a time period, you need to know its initial velocity and acceleration. How can
you determine these quantities for the block in the second time interval, when the worker is no longer pushing?
During that second interval of motion, there is no force on the block of ice from the dockworker. What can be said
about the acceleration on the block in this time?
Use this information to find the distance travelled during the second time interval.
ANSWER:
x = 24.6 m
Correct
Applying Newton's 2nd Law
Learning Goal:
To learn a systematic approach to solving Newton's 2nd law problems using a simple example.
Once you have decided to solve a problem using Newton's 2nd law, there are steps that will lead you to a solution. One such
prescription is the following:
Visualize the problem and identify special cases.

Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it.
Choose a coordinate system for each body.
Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body.
Write equations for the constraints and other given information.
Solve the resulting equations symbolically.
Check that your answer has the correct dimensions and satisfies special cases.
If numbers are given in the problem, plug them in and check that the answer makes sense.
Think about generalizations or simplifications of the problem.
As an example, we will apply this procedure to find the acceleration of a block of mass m2 that is pulled up a frictionless plane
inclined at angle θ with respect to the horizontal by a perfect string that passes over a perfect pulley to a block of mass m1 that
is hanging vertically.
Visualize the problem and identify special cases
First examine the problem by drawing a picture and visualizing the motion. Apply Newton's 2nd law, ∑ F ⃗ = ma⃗ , to each body
in your mind. Don't worry about which quantities are given. Think about the forces on each body: How are these consistent with
the direction of the acceleration for that body? Can you think of any special cases that you can solve quickly now and use to test
your understanding later?
One special case in this problem is if m2 = 0 , in which case block 1 would simply fall freely under the acceleration of gravity:
^
a⃗ 1 = −g j .
Part A
Consider another special case in which the inclined plane is vertical (θ = π/2 ). In this case, for what value of m1 would the
acceleration of the two blocks be equal to zero?
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables m2 and g.
ANSWER:
m1 = m2
Correct
Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it
A force diagram should include only real forces that act on the body and satisfy Newton's 3rd law. One way to check if the forces
are Typesetting math: 100%
real is to determine whether they are part of a Newton's 3rd law pair, that is, whether they result from a physical interaction
that also causes an opposite force on some other body, which may not be part of the problem. Do not decompose the forces into
components, and do not include resultant forces that are combinations of other real forces like centripetal force or fictitious
forces like the "centrifugal" force.
Assign each force a symbol, but don't start to solve the problem at this point.
Part B
Which of the four drawings is a correct force diagram for this problem?
ANSWER:
Correct
Choose a coordinate system for each body
Newton's 2nd law, ∑ F ⃗ = ma⃗ , is a vector equation. To add or subtract vectors it is often easiest to decompose each vector into
components. Whereas a particular set of vector components is only valid in a particular coordinate system, the vector equality
holds in any coordinate system, giving you freedom to pick a coordinate system that most simplifies the equations that result
from the component equations.
It's generally best to pick a coordinate system where the acceleration of the system lies directly on one of the coordinate axes. If
there is no acceleration, then pick a coordinate system with as many unknowns as possible along the coordinate axes. Vectors
that lie along the axes appear in only one of the equations for each component, rather than in two equations with trigonometric
prefactors. Note that it is sometimes advantageous to use different coordinate systems for each body in the problem.
In this problem, you should use Cartesian coordinates and your axes should be stationary with respect to the inclined plane.
Part C
Given the criteria just described, what orientation of the coordinate axes would be best to use in this problem?
In the answer options, "tilted" means with the x axis oriented parallel to the plane (i.e., at angle θ to the horizontal),
and "level" means with the x axis horizontal.
ANSWER:
tilted for both block 1 and block 2
tilted for block 1 and level for block 2
level for block 1 and tilted for block 2
level for both block 1 and block 2
Correct
Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body
Part D
What is ∑ F2x , the sum of the x components of the forces acting on block 2? Take forces acting up the incline to be
positive.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables tension T , m2 , the magnitude of the acceleration of
gravity g, and θ.
Hint 1. Decompose the force of gravity on block 2
In this problem, the hardest force vector to express in terms of its coordinates is the force of gravity on block 2. The
magnitude of the weight is m2 g. Find the force of gravity in terms of its components, using a tilted coordinate system
whose x axis is parallel to and pointing up the inclined plane.
⃗
Express the force of gravity on block 2, F g2 , in terms of some or all of the variables m2 , g, and θ. Express
your answer as a vector in terms of the unit vectors ^i and ^
j.
ANSWER:
⃗ ^ ^
F g2 = −m 2 g(sin(θ) i + cos(θ) j )
ANSWER:
m 2 a2x = ∑ F 2x = T − m 2 gsin(θ)
Correct
Part E
Now determine m1 a1y = ∑ F 1y , the sum of the y components of the forces acting on block 1. Take forces acting upward
as positive.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables T , m1 , and g.
ANSWER:
m 1 a1y = ∑ F 1y = T − m1 g
Correct
Part F
Write equations for the constraints and other given information
In this problem, the fact that the length of the string does not change imposes a constraint on relative accelerations of the
two blocks. Find a relationship between the x component of the acceleration of block 2, a2x , and the acceleration of block 1.
Pay careful attention to signs.
Express a2x in terms of a1x and/or a1y , the components of the acceleration vector of block 1.
Hint 1. Visualize the motion

If block 2 has an acceleration a2x up the incline, must the acceleration of block 1 be upward or downward to keep the
string taut?
ANSWER:
a2x = −a1y
Correct
Part G
Solve and check
In the previous parts, you obtained the following equations using Newton's 2nd law and the constraint on the motion of the
two blocks:
m 2 a2x = T − m 2 g sin(θ), (1)
m 1 a1y = T − m 1 g, (2)
and
a2x = −a1y . (3)
Solve these equations to find a1y .
Before you enter your answer, make sure it satisfies the special cases you already identified:
a1y = −g if m2 = 0 and
a1y = 0 if m1 = m2 and θ = π/2 .
Also make sure that your answer has dimensions of acceleration.

Express a1y in terms of some or all of the variables m1 , m2 , θ, and g.
Hint 1. How to solve the equations

Substitute for T from equation (1) into equation (2) and then use a2x from equation (3) in the new equation (2). This
will yield a linear equation in a1y that is easy to solve.
ANSWER:
(m 2 sin(θ)−m 1 )g
a1y =
m 1 +m 2
Correct
Can you see how a simple generalization of the problem could be solved with a little extra work or how you could
solve a nontrivial problem that is a subset of this one?
For example, imagine that there is friction in this problem between the plane and block 2. This would lead to an
additional force on block 2: Ff 2 = μN , where the normal force N is given by N = m2 g cos(θ) .
This additional force would lead to a new term in the expression for the acceleration of block 1:
m 2 sin(θ)−μm 2 cos(θ)−m 1
a1y = g.
m 1 +m 2
Now, by choosing whether or not μ = 0 , you have a result that can be applied whether the plane is frictionless or
not!
Two dogs pull horizontally on ropes attached to a post; the angle between the ropes is 65.0 ∘ . Dog A exerts a force of 290 N ,
and dog B exerts a force of 324 N .
For help with math skills, you may want to review:
Vector Magnitudes
Determining the Angle of a Vector
Vector Addition
For general problem-solving tips and strategies for this topic, you may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of Superposition of
forces.
Part A
Find the magnitude of the resultant force.

Imagine you were sitting in a tree directly above the post, so that you were looking down on the dogs and the ropes
tying them to the post.
Start by drawing a sketch of the two dogs pulling on their ropes as seen by you from above, and choose a coordinate
system so that the post is at the origin and the rope tied to dog A is along the x-axis.
In what direction would dog B be seen pulling its rope?
Now,math:
Typesetting find the
100%resultant force. How is the magnitude of a vector related to its components?
ANSWER:
F = 518 N
Correct
Part B
Find the angle the resultant force makes with the rope of dog A.

How can you find the angle the resultant force vector makes with the x-axis (the rope of dog A) from the components
of that vector?
ANSWER:
θ = 34.5 ∘
Correct
Newton's 3rd Law Discussed
Learning Goal:
To understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two interacting
bodies.
In Principia, Newton wrote:
To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always
equal, and directed to contrary parts.
(translation by Cajori)
The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of force. The
central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces to arise between
pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body. In summary, each
physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of the interaction, the force
on body A from body B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on body B from body A.
Incidentally, Newton states that the word "action" denotes both (a) the force due to an interaction and (b) the changes in
momentum that it imparts to the two interacting bodies. If you haven't learned about momentum, don't worry; for now this is just a
statement about the origin of forces.
Mark each of the following statements as true or false. If a statement refers to "two bodies" interacting via some force, you are
not to assume that these two bodies have the same mass.
Part A
Every force has one and only one 3rd law pair force.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part B
The two forces in each pair act in opposite directions.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part C
The two forces in each pair can either both act on the same body or they can act on different bodies.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part D
The two forces in each pair may have different physical origins (for instance, one of the forces could be due to gravity, and
its pair force could be due to friction or electric charge).
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part E
The two forces of a 3rd law pair always act on different bodies.
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Part F
Given that two bodies interact via some force, the accelerations of these two bodies have the same magnitude but opposite
directions. (Assume no other forces act on either body.)
Hint 1. F ⃗ = ma⃗
Remember F ⃗ = ma⃗ : If the forces are equal in magnitude, must the accelerations also be of equal magnitude?
ANSWER:
true
false
Correct
Newton's 3rd law can be summarized as follows: A physical interaction (e.g., gravity) operates between two
interacting bodies and generates a pair of opposite forces, one on each body. It offers you a way to test for real
forces (i.e., those that belong on the force side of ΣF ⃗ = ma⃗ )--there should be a 3rd law pair force operating on
some other body for each real force that acts on the body whose acceleration is under consideration.
Part G
According to Newton's 3rd law, the force on the (smaller) moon due to the (larger) earth is
ANSWER:
greater in magnitude and antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
greater in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
equal in magnitude but antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
equal in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
smaller in magnitude and antiparallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
smaller in magnitude and parallel to the force on the earth due to the moon.
Correct
The upward normal force exerted by the floor is 620 N on an elevator passenger who weighs 650 N.
For general problem-solving tips and strategies for this topic, you may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of Determining
acceleration from force.
Part A
What is the magnitude of the acceleration?

Start by drawing a sketch with an appropriate coordinate system and including all of the forces acting on the elevator
passenger.
Why in this problem is the normal force not equal to the passenger’s weight? What must be happening?
Find the resultant net force acting on the elevator passenger, and using the appropriate equations, calculate the
passenger’s acceleration. What additional quantity do you need to find to calculate the acceleration?
ANSWER:
a = 0.452 m/s
2
Correct
Part B
What is the direction of the acceleration?
Suppose you were in this elevator. What would it feel like if the normal force (from the elevator floor) acting on you in
the upward direction were less than the force of gravity acting on you in the downward direction? Suppose the
normal force was larger than gravity – which way would you move?
In which direction is the resultant force acting on the elevator passenger?
ANSWER:
upward
downward
Correct
Video Tutor: Tension in String between Hanging Weights
First, launch the video below. You will be asked to use your knowledge of physics to predict the outcome of an experiment. Then,
close the video window and answer the question at right. You can watch the video again at any point.
Part A
Consider the video tutorial you just watched. Suppose that we duplicate this experimental setup in an elevator. What will the
spring scale read if the elevator is moving upward at constant speed?
What does the phrase "at constant speed" imply about the acceleration of the system?
ANSWER:
More than 18 N
Less than 18 N but greater than 0 N
0N
18 N
Correct
Since the elevator is not accelerating, the reading on the scale is the same as in the video.
± Motion of a Block with Three Forces
The diagram below shows a block of mass m = 2.00 kg on a frictionless horizontal surface, as seen from above. Three forces
of magnitudes F1 = 4.00 N , F2 = 6.00 N , and F3 = 8.00 N are applied to the block, initially at rest on the surface, at
angles shown on the diagram. In this problem, you will determine the resultant (total) force vector from the combination of the
three individual force vectors. All angles should be measured
counterclockwise from the positive x axis (i.e., all angles are positive).
Part A
Calculate the magnitude of the total resultant force F r⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

= F1 + F2 + F3 acting on the mass.
Express your answer in Newtons to three significant figures.
Hint 1. Definition of resultant force

When several forces are applied to an object, the vector sum is often called the resultant or the resultant force.
Hint 2. How to find the resultant
When working with vectors, the general rule is to think geometrically but to calculate using components. Thus to add
vectors one estimates the sum by imagining the tail of the second vector to be placed at the point of the first, the tail
of the third to be placed at the second, etc. But to calculate the vector sum each vector is represented by
components in a convenient coordinate system and these components are added to find the components of the sum.
Hint 3. Find the components of F 1⃗
What are the x component and y component of F 1⃗ ?
Express your answer as an ordered pair of numbers, separated by a comma, to three significant figures.
Hint 1. x component of F 1⃗
The x component of F 1⃗ is F1 cos(θ), where θ is the angle between the positive x axis and the vector's
direction.
ANSWER:
F 1x , F1y = 3.63,1.69 N
Hint 4. Find the components of F 2⃗
Find the
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and y components of the vector F 2⃗ .
Express your answer as an ordered pair to three significant figures.
ANSWER:
F 2x , F2y = 4.91,-3.44
Hint 5. Find the components of F r⃗
Now find the x and y components of the resultant (sum) vector, F r⃗ . (Don't forget to include F 3⃗ .)
Express your answer as an ordered pair to three significant figures.

ANSWER:
F rx , Fry = 0.540,-1.75
Hint 6. Magnitude of F r⃗
The magnitude of F r⃗ in terms of its x and y components Frx and Fry is given by
−−−−−−−−−
⃗ 2 2
|F r | = √ F rx + F ry .
ANSWER:
⃗
|F r | = 1.83 N
Correct
Part B
What angle does F r⃗ make with the positive x axis?

Express your answer in degrees to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Find the angle symbolically
The angle that F r⃗ makes with the x axis can be determined if you know its x and y components, which you should
have from your calculation for Part A. What is the angle that F r⃗ makes with the positive x axis?
Answer symbolically in terms of Frx and Fry .
Hint 1. How to approach this problem

When developing a general formula for the angle, you can choose the vector to lie in any quadrant. It is
easiest to have the vector lie in the first quadrant.
ANSWER:
Fry
atan( )
Frx
ANSWER:
290 degrees
Correct
Part C
What is the magnitude of the mass's acceleration vector, a⃗ ?

Express your answer to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Newton's 2nd law
Recall that F ⃗ = ma⃗ , so you should be able to find |a⃗ | fairly easily here.
ANSWER:
|a⃗ | = 0.92 m/s

2
Correct
Part D
What is the direction of a⃗ ? In other words, what angle does this vector make with respect to the positive x axis?
Hint 1. Relation between the direction of a⃗ and F ⃗

⃗
Is there any reason why the direction of a⃗ should be different from F ?
ANSWER:
290 degrees
Correct
Part E
How far (in meters) will the mass move in 5.0 s?
Express the distance d in meters to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Displacement with constant acceleration
Remember that we have constant acceleration here, so you can use the equation:
1 2
d(t) = d0 + v0 t + at ,
2
where d(t) is the displacement at time t.
ANSWER:
d = 12 m
Correct
Part F
What is the magnitude of the velocity vector of the block at t = 5.0 s ?
Express your answer in meters per second to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Velocity with constant acceleration
Remember, we have constant acceleration, and because the object starts from rest, the velocity vector will be
parallel to the acceleration vector. Therefore, v f = v i + at .
ANSWER:
⃗
|v (5)| = 4.6 m/s
Correct
Part G
In what direction is the mass moving at time t = 5.0 s ? That is, what angle does the velocity vector make with respect to
the positive x axis?
Hint 1. Relationship between the direction of v ⃗ and a⃗

The mass starts at rest and is accelerated in one direction. Therefore, it must have velocity in the direction of the
acceleration, and that direction only.
ANSWER:
290 degrees
Correct
Problem 4.58
The position of a 2.75 × 10 5 N training helicopter under test is given by

^ ^ 2 ^
r ⃗ = (0.020 m/s )t
3 3 2
i + (2.2 m/s)t j − (0.060 m/s )t k .
Part A
Find the net force on the helicopter at t = 5.0 s .
^
Express your answer in terms of ^i , ^
j , k. Use the 'unit vector' button to denote unit vectors in your answer. Express
your coefficient using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
⃗
F = 1.68⋅10
4 ^ 3^
i − 3.36⋅10 k
N
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 98.8%.
You received 10.86 out of a possible total of 11 points.

Chapter 04 Homework Assignment

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10/18/2019 Chapter 04 Homework Assignment

Chapter 04 Homework Assignment

Newton's 1st Law

To understand Newton's 1st law.

Newton's Principia states this first law of motion:

A. C. Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science</>

When studying Newtonian mechanics, it is best to remember this as two laws:

Typesetting math: 100%

there must be no forces exerted on the car.

the net force exerted on the car is directed to the left.

the net force exerted on the car is zero.

there is exactly one force exerted on the car.

there are no forces at all exerted on it.

the net force exerted on it is zero.

the net force exerted on it is constant.

there is only one force exerted on it.

A book weighing 5 N rests on top of a table.

Hint 1. The force of gravity

Hint 2. Exploring Newton's 3rd law

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Hint 1. The force of gravity

5 N / earth / book / upward

5 N / book / table / upward

5 N / book / earth / upward

5 N / earth / book / downward

5 N / table / book / upward

5 N / table / earth / upward

5 N / book / table / upward

5 N / table / book / downward

5 N / earth / book / downward

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Newton's 1st law

Newton's 2nd law

Newton's 3rd law

Newton's 1st law

Newton's 2nd law

Newton's 3rd law

Pulling Two Blocks

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Hint 1. Relative movement of the blocks

Block A has a larger acceleration than block B.

Block B has a larger acceleration than block A.

Both blocks have the same acceleration.

More information is needed to determine the relationship between the accelerations.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Express the tension in terms of T2 , m, and the block's acceleration a.

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Express your answer in terms of T1 , T2 , nA ,

More information is needed to determine the relationship between T1 and T2 .

Enhanced EOC: Exercise 4.10

You may want to review (Pages 112 - 117) .

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Applying Newton's 2nd Law

Visualize the problem and identify special cases.

Visualize the problem and identify special cases

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables m2 and g.

Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it

Choose a coordinate system for each body

tilted for both block 1 and block 2

tilted for block 1 and level for block 2

level for block 1 and tilted for block 2

level for both block 1 and block 2

Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body