Documenti di Didattica
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INDEX-A
100% rated circuit breaker, 84‑10 flow, 19‑23, G-1 24.3.3, 50‑15
100-year Accelerating force, railroad, 75‑5 Chap. 24, 50‑15
flood, 20‑7 Acceleration Sec. 24.3.2, 50‑15
storm, 20‑5, 20‑7 absolute, 71‑10 Acid, 22‑13, G-1
α-method, 38‑3 angular, 71‑7 amino (tbl), 23‑1
centripetal (ftn), 15‑21 binary, 22‑5
A Coriolis, 71‑9 carbonic, 22‑22, 22‑25, 25‑2, 31-9
AAR, 48‑2 fluid mass, 15‑20 carbonic (ftn), 34‑24
Road Test, 77‑6 head C-value (tbl), 18‑3 carboxylic (tbl), 23‑2
AASHTO, G‑1 instantaneous center of, 71‑14 constant, 22‑16
concrete compressive stress limit, linear, 71‑4 deoxyribonucleic, 27‑2
prestressing tendon (tbl), 56‑8 normal component, 71‑8 dissociation constant, A‑103
effective flange width, 57‑3 of gravity, 1‑2 -extractable metal, 28‑16
flexible pavement design nomograph relative, 71‑10 fatty, 27‑10
(fig), 76‑24 resultant, 71‑8, 71‑14 fatty (tbl), 23‑2
Green Book parallel parking design tangential, 71‑8 -formed bacteria, 30‑17
(fig), 73-23 uniform, 71‑3 fulvic, G‑8
Highway Safety Manual, 75‑2 uniform, formulas (tbl), 71‑4 gas, 32‑4
lump-sum loss, 56‑4 Accelerator set, 48‑3 haloacetic, 25‑11
-PCI standard girder, 56‑8 Acceptance, 88‑3 humic, G‑9
-PCI standard girder section (fig), testing, concrete, 49‑1 hydrochloric, 25‑10, 32-4
56-10 Access hypochlorous, 25‑10
-PCI standard girder section (tbl), control of, G‑5 organic (tbl), 23‑2
56‑9 point, 73‑3 polyprotic, 22‑18
properties (tbl), 56‑9 right of, G‑14 rain, 32‑4
required curve lengths (tbl), 79‑16 Accessibility, 19‑17 ribonucleic, 27‑2
resistance factor, 56‑6 Accessible parking space, 73‑24 -splitting bacteria, 30‑17
resistance factor (tbl), 56‑8 Accident, 75‑16 sulfuric, 32‑4
rigid pavement nomograph (fig), 77‑9 data, 75‑17 ternary, 22‑5
soil classification, 35‑4 data, analysis, 75‑11 volatile, 27‑10
strength reduction factor, 56‑6 history warrant, signalization, 73‑19 Acidity, 22‑22, 25‑2
strength reduction factor (tbl), 56‑8 log (ftn), 83‑2 Acid-test ratio, 87‑37
tensile stress limit in prestressed modeling, vehicle, 75‑14 Acoustic
concrete (tbl), 56‑8 PDO, 75‑11 emission testing, 43‑13
Abandonment, G‑1 pedestrian, 75‑16 holography, 43‑14
Abbreviation stake marking (tbl), 81‑2 rate, 75‑11 velocity, 14‑16
Above-ground storage tank, 33‑1 rate, OSHA, 83‑2 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Abrams’ strength law, 48‑4 type, 75‑12 (AIDS), 27‑11
ABS pipe, 16‑11, 28-4 Accidental error, 85‑2 ACR, 48‑2
Abscissa, 7‑2 Accommodation, reasonable, 82‑9 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ftn), 16‑11
Absolute Account Act, fraudulent, 88‑6
acceleration, 71‑10 accumulated depreciation (ftn), 87‑23 Actinide, 22‑3
convergence, 3‑14 asset, 87‑35 Actinium (ftn), 22‑3
English System, 1‑4 equipment (ftn), 87‑23 Actinon, 22‑3
parallax, 78‑20 expense (ftn), 87‑38 Action
position, 71‑10 ledger, 87‑35 capillary, 14‑13
pressure, 14‑2 liability, 87‑35 composite, 57‑2
velocity, 71‑10 owners’ equity, 87‑35 galvanic, 22‑20
viscosity, 14‑7 Accounting, 87‑37 level, 83‑8
viscosity (ftn), 14‑7 convention (ftn), 87‑35 level, noise, OSHA, 83‑8
volume method, 49‑2 cost, 87‑37 line of, 5‑1, 41-2
volume method, concrete, 77‑2 equation, 87‑35 noncomposite, 68‑15
Absorbed job cost, 87‑37 pop, 16‑15
asphalt, 76‑10 principle, standard (ftn), 87‑35 prying, 65‑7, 66‑9
dose, G‑1 process cost, 87‑37 shear force, 45‑18
Absorber, spray tower (fig), 34‑3 Accreditation Board for Engineering and tension field, 63‑2
Absorption, G‑1 Technology (ftn), 89-1 tort, 88‑7
coefficient, 22‑10, 31-9 Accrual system, 87‑35 Activated
coefficient, gas (tbl), 31‑9 Accumulation, 8‑7 carbon, 29‑14, 34‑3
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I-2 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
carbon, granular, 26‑15 mechanical, pulley block, 41‑12 /fuel ratio, 24‑10
carbon (ftn), 34‑3 pulley, 41‑12 heater ash, 24‑3
charcoal, 34‑3 Advection, G‑1 ideal, 24‑10
controller, 73‑21 Adverse cross slope, 79‑9 in concrete, 49‑3
sludge plant, characteristics, 30‑2, 30‑6 Aerated injection, 26‑4
sludge process, 30‑2 grit chamber, 29‑6 mean free path, 34‑9
Active lagoon, 29‑5 pollutant, 32‑2
collection, gas, 31‑6 Aeration, 26‑4, G-1 prewash, 26‑14
component, retaining wall, A‑121, characteristics, 30‑2 properties, A‑22
A‑122 complete-mix, 30‑3 release valve, 16‑15
earth pressure, 37‑2, 37‑3 conventional, 30‑3 resistance, 75‑3
earth pressure coefficient, 37‑3 cost, 30‑10 resistance coefficient, 75‑3
pressure, G‑1 diffused air system, 26‑5 stoichiometric, 24‑10
resultant, total, 37‑4 extended, 30‑3 stripper, 34‑21
zone, 37‑2 high purity oxygen, 30‑3 stripping, 29‑13, 34‑21
Activity high-rate, 30‑3 stripping operation (fig), 34‑21
dummy, 86‑13 period, 30‑9 temperature, average daily, 49‑6
-on-arc network, 86‑13 power, 29‑4, 29‑5, 30‑10 temperature, mean annual, 76‑17
-on-branch network, 86‑13 sludge, 30‑3 -to-cloth ratio, 34‑5
-on-node network, 86‑11 step-flow, 30‑3 toxic, 32‑2
pozzolanic, 77‑13 tank, 30‑9 valve, combination, 16‑15
specific, G‑15 tapered, 30‑3 valve, double orifice, 16‑15
Actual filtering velocity, 34‑6 zone of, G‑17 valve, siphon, 16‑15
Acuity, visual, 75‑10 Aerial mapping, 78‑19 void, 76‑10
Acute
INDEX-A
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-3
INDEX-A
Alluvial deposit, G‑1 combustible, 24‑2 43-8, 72-7
Alluvium, G‑1 comparative, 87‑17 internal friction, pile (fig), 72‑7
Alpha, 11‑15 cost-benefit, highway safety, 75‑20 intersection, 79‑2
risk, 11‑15 descriptive, safety, 75‑2 lead, bolt, 45‑15
Alphabet, Greek, 3‑1 dimensional, 1‑9 lift check valve, 16‑13
Alpha-value, 85‑6 economic, engineering, 87‑2 measurement (fig), 78‑13
Alternate economic life, 87‑4 measurement equipment, 78‑12
depth, 19‑17, G-1 elastic second-order, 53‑2 measurement method, 78‑12
mode, 73‑20 error, 78‑2, 78‑3 miscellaneous formula, 6‑4
mode operation, 73‑20 first-order, 53‑1 obtuse, 6‑1
Alternating current, 84‑2, 84‑5 Fourier, 9‑7 of depression, 6‑2
Alternating sign series, 3‑14 frequency (ftn), 9‑8 of elevation, 6‑2
Alternative gravimetric, 22‑6, 24‑2 of intersection, 7‑8
comparison, 87‑4 horizon, 87‑18 of repose, 72‑6, 80-2
disinfectants, 25‑11 hydrograph, 20‑7 of static friction, 72‑6
disinfection, 29‑14 incremental, 87‑18 opposite side, 6‑2
hypothesis, 11‑15 inelastic first-order, 47‑2 parking, 73‑23
sewer, 28‑4 inelastic second-order, 47‑3 plane, 6‑1
to chlorination, 25‑11, 26‑22 life-cycle cost, 86‑7 power, 84‑8
Alternator (ftn), 84‑12 nonlinear second-order, 53‑2 rebound, 72‑18
Altitude valve, 26‑26 numerical, 12‑1 reflex, 6‑1
Alum, 26‑8 period, 76‑20 related, 6‑1
Aluminum, A‑129 plastic, 47‑2 repose, 40‑8
structural, A‑143 proximate, 24‑2 right, 6‑1
structural, properties, A‑143 quantitative predictive, 75‑2 rupture, 43‑8
Amber period, 73‑22 replacement/retirement, 87‑4 solid, 6‑7
American risk, 87‑46 spiral, 79‑20
Insurance Association equation, 26‑25 sensitivity, 87‑45 stall, 17‑42
Insurance Association formula, 26‑25 signature (ftn), 9‑8 station, 78‑14
National Standards Institute, 82‑3 strength, doubly reinforced section, straight, 6‑1
Society of Civil Engineers, 89‑1 50‑25 supplementary, 6‑2
wire gauge, 84‑9 structural, 47‑2 to the right, 78‑13
Americans with Disabilities Act, 82‑9 tension member, 60‑4 total deflection, 79‑20
Amictic, G‑2 tension member (fig), 60‑5 traverse (fig), 78‑14
Amide (tbl), 23‑2 time-series (ftn), 9‑8 trihedral, 6‑6
Amine ultimate, 22‑5, 22‑6, 24‑2 twist, 43‑9, 45‑16
filming, 22‑25 uncertainty, 87‑46 type (see also by name), 6‑2
neutralizing, 22‑25 value, 87‑46 valve, 16‑13
polar, 22‑25 volumetric, 24‑2 vertex, 6‑1
Amine (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2 Analytic function, 8‑1 vertical, 6‑2
Amino acid (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2 Analyzer wall friction, 37‑6
Ammonia FFT, 9‑8 yaw, 17‑30
in wastewater, 28‑15 signal, 9‑8 Angstrom, A‑1
in water, 25‑9 spectrum, 9‑8 Angular
nitrogen, in wastewater, 28‑15 Anchor pull, 39‑5 acceleration, 71‑7
removal, in wastewater, 29‑3, 29‑14 Anchor trench, 31‑4 frequency, 84‑5
slip (ftn), 34‑20 Anchorage impulse, 72‑15
stripping, 28‑15, 29‑14 masonry, 67‑7 momentum, 17‑35, 72-3
toxic effect on fish, 25‑9 requirement, shear reinforcement (fig), momentum (fig), 72‑4
un-ionized, in water, 25‑9 50‑24 motion, 71‑7
Amoeba, 27‑8 shear reinforcement, 50‑24 orientation, 5‑1
Amoeboid, 27‑8 Anchored bulkhead, 39‑5 perspective, 2‑3
Amortization, 87‑25 Andesite porphyry, 35‑33 position, 71‑7
Amount, factor compound, 87‑5 Andrade’s equation, 43‑17 velocity, 71‑7
Ampacity, 84‑9 Anemometer, 17‑29 Angularity, aggregate, 76‑16
Ampere, 84‑2 hot-wire, 17‑29 Anhydride (tbl), 23‑3
Amperometric sensor, 85‑4 Anion, 25‑1, G-2
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-5
INDEX-B
fluidized-bed combustion, 24‑6 Avogadro’s Bag, cement, 48‑1
head, 18‑6 hypothesis, 22‑5 Baghouse, 34‑5
pressure, 14‑3 law, 22‑5, G‑2 collection efficiency, 34‑6
pressure, air, properties, A‑22, A‑24 number, 22‑5 resistance, 34‑6
refraction, 78‑10 AWWA standard, pipe, 16‑12 typical (fig), 34‑5
Atom, 22‑2 Axes, principal, 70‑2 Balance
Atomic Axial book, 87‑35
mass unit, 22‑2 -flow impeller, 18‑4, 26‑12 dynamic, 70‑2
number, 22‑2, A‑92, G‑2 -flow reaction turbine, 18‑25 line, 80‑7
number, elements, A‑92 -flow turbine, 18‑25 line (fig), 80‑7
numbers and weights of the elements, -flow turbine (fig), 18‑26 point, 80‑7
A‑98 load, stiffness reduction factor, 53‑4 point (fig), 80‑7
structure, 22‑2 loading, 44‑13 sheet, 87‑35
weight, 22-2, A‑92, G‑2 member, 41‑12 sheet, simplified (fig), 87‑36
weight, chemical, 22‑2 member, force, 41‑12 static, 70‑2
Atomizing scrubber, 34‑18 member, pin-connected, 41‑13 water, equation, 20‑2
ATP, 27‑9 strain, 43‑5 Balanced
Atrazine, 32‑13 stress, 35‑27 condition (masonry), 68‑5
ATS (see Average travel speed), 73‑13 tensile stress, 60‑1 curve, 72‑9
Attack, intergranular, 22‑21 Axis draft point, 34‑11
Attention and information processing, 75‑9 bending, 45‑18 load, electrical, 84‑11
Attenuator, impact, 75‑13 conjugate, 7‑12 point, column, 52‑5
Atterberg major, 7‑11 speed, 72‑9
limit, 35‑22 minor, 7‑11 steel, 68‑5
limit test, 35‑4, 35‑22 minor, buckling and bracing (fig), 61‑4 steel area, 50‑6
Attractive rate of return, minimum, 87‑16 neutral, 44‑12 tension weld, 66‑5
Auger oblique, 2‑2 weld group, 66‑5
boring, 40‑11 of rotation, 72‑2 weld group (fig), 66‑5
-hole method, 35‑24 parabolic, 7‑10 Balancing, 78‑14
Augmented matrix, 4‑1 principal, 42‑8, 59‑15 chemical equations, 22‑7
Austenitic stainless steel (ftn), 22‑21 rotation, 42‑8 closed traverse angles, 78‑14
Authority having jurisdiction, 82‑2 torsional, 45‑18 closed traverse distance, 78‑15
Autochthonous material, 25‑8 transverse, 7‑12 operations, 70‑2
Autogenous waste (ftn), 34‑11 weak, 59‑5 traverse, 78‑16
Autoignition temperature, 24‑9 Axle traverse, least squares, 78‑16
Automatic spread-tandem, 76‑19 Bale, hay, 80‑11
total station, 78‑5 type (fig), 76‑21 Ball valve, 16‑13
traffic recorder, 73‑6 Axonometric view, 2‑3 Ballast, thermal, 34‑13
Autotroph, 27‑6, G-2 Azimuth, 78‑13, G-2 Ballast circuit, 85‑10
Autotrophic bacteria, 27‑6, 28‑10 from back line, 78‑13 Balling scale (ftn), 14‑5
Auxiliary from north, 78‑13 Ballistic
elevation, 2‑2 from south, 78‑13 pendulum, 72‑3
equation, 10‑1 magnetic, 73‑32 pendulum (fig), 72‑3
lane, G‑2 Balloon payment, 87‑43
view, 2‑2 B Ban, land, 33‑2
Availability, 26‑9 B box, 80‑10 Bandwidth, 9-9, 73‑21
Available B1-B2 procedure, 62‑2 of frequency analysis, 9‑9
combined residual, 28‑14 Babcock formula, 17‑11 Bank
compressive strength, 62‑2 BAC-CAB identity, 5‑5 cubic yard, 80‑1
flexural strength, 64‑2 Back -measure, 80‑1
hydrogen, 24‑3, 24‑15 -calculation, 76‑17 Banking
lime, 26‑9 corona, 34‑9 angle, 79‑8
load, fastener, 65‑3 station, 79‑4 days in a year (ftn), 87‑29
method, 32‑16 stationing, 79‑4 roadway, 72‑8
moment table, 59‑10 tangent, 79‑2 Bar
moment versus unbraced length (fig), area (tbl), 50‑13
59‑3 chart, 86‑10
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I-6 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
chart, water chemistry, 25‑1 depreciation, 87‑21 width, minimum (tbl), 50‑8
deformed (fig), 48‑9 unadjusted, 87‑21 width, steel, 50‑8
dimension, hard SI (Canadian) (tbl), Batch Bearing, 45‑13, 78-13
48‑10 gravity thickening, 30‑15 angle (fig), 78‑13
dowel, 55‑6, 77-12 mixer, 76‑6 area, plate, 60‑6
headed, deformed, 55‑6 trial, 49‑2 capacity, 36‑1
lacing, 61‑2 Batching, 49‑2 capacity, allowable, 36‑2
lacing (ftn), 61‑2 Bathtub distribution, 11‑9 capacity, clay, 36‑5
lattice, 61‑2 Batter, 37‑2 capacity factor, 36‑3
lattice (ftn), 61‑2 decrement, 37‑2, 37‑13 capacity factor (tbl), 36‑4
purple, 48‑11 pile, G‑3 capacity, factors, long trench, 39‑3
reinforcing, 67‑6 Baumé scale, 14‑5 capacity, gross, 36‑3
steel, 48‑9 Bayes adjustment, empirical, 75‑18 capacity, net, 36‑4
tie, pavement, 77‑8 Bayes’ theorem, 11‑4 capacity, rock, 36‑8
total area, 51‑3 Bazin formula (ftn), 19‑3 capacity, sand, 36‑7
Barometer, 15‑2 Beam (see also type) capacity, ultimate, 36‑3
multi-fluid, 15‑6 analysis, prestressed, 56‑11 capacity, ultimate static, pile, 38‑2
Barometric balanced condition (fig), 50‑7 capacity, water table, 36‑8
height relationship, 15‑13 bearing plate, 59‑18 connection, 65‑2
pressure, 14‑3 bearing plate, nomenclature (fig), length, plate, 59‑19
Barrel, 19‑29 59‑19 plate, 59‑18
Barrier bending coefficient, 59‑4 plate, beam, 59‑18
brush, 80‑11 bending plane (fig), 59‑2 pressure, safe, 36‑2
concrete, highway, 75‑14 bending stress distribution (fig), 44‑12 ratio, California, 35‑30, 76-21
INDEX-B
constant slope, 75‑14 boundary condition (tbl), 44‑14 stiffener, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑2, 63‑4
F-shape, 75‑14 circular, 50‑22 stiffener (fig), 59‑18, 63‑5
General Motors, 75‑14 -column, 44‑13, 59‑2, 62‑1 stiffener design, 63‑4
GM, 75‑14 -column, analysis, 62‑3 strength, available, 65‑4
heavy vehicle median, 75‑14 -column design, 62‑3 strength, steel, 59‑19
heavy vehicle median (fig), 75‑14 compact, 59‑3 stress, 45‑13
highway, 75‑14 composite, 64‑1 stress, allowable, 65‑4
Jersey, 75‑14 composite, cross section (fig), 64‑1 test, three-edge, 16‑12
K-rail, 75‑14 concrete, cracking, 50‑14 value, plate, test, 35‑32
Ontario, 75‑14 concrete, deflection, 50‑16 wall, 54‑2
Ontario (fig), 75‑14 concrete, design, 50‑8, 50‑10 Bed, G‑3
removal, 82‑10 concrete, maximum deflection, 50‑18 biological, 29‑9
Basalt, 35‑33 concrete, shear strength, 50‑22 chemically active, 34‑12
Bascule bridge, 57‑4 conjugate, 44‑16, 47-6 moisture level, 24‑3
Base, 3-5, 22-13, G-3 continuous, 46‑2, 46‑5, 59‑11 residence time, 34‑7
breakaway, 75‑14 critical stress, 59‑8 sand, filter, 32‑15
cement-treated, 48‑8, G-4 cross section, type, 50‑2 sand drying, 30‑20
circle failure, 40‑8 curved (tbl), 44‑21 Bedding load factor, 40‑10
condition, roadway, 75‑17 deep, 50‑27 Bedding, mortar, 68‑4
constant, 22‑16 deflection, 44‑14, 44‑15, 44‑16, 44‑18, Begin slope rounding, 81‑4
course, G‑3 47-4, 59‑5, A-133 Beginning of curve, 79‑4
dissociation constant, A‑104 deflection, elastic, A‑133 Behavior factor, 73‑9
exchange, 22‑23 deflection, prestressed, 56‑5 Bell, G‑3
exchange method, 26‑18 deflection, strain energy method, 44‑16 -shaped curve, 11‑6
exchange process, 26‑18 depth, concrete, minimum, 50‑17 Belt
flow, 20‑7, G-3 design selection table, 59‑8 filter press, 30‑19
flow (ftn), 20‑7 determinate, type, 41‑9 friction, 72‑7
frangible coupling, 75‑14 determinate, type (fig), 41‑9 highway, G‑3
free-flow speed, 73‑11, 73‑14 doubly reinforced, 50‑24 thickening, gravity, 30‑16
hinged, pole, 75‑14 doubly reinforced, parameter (fig), V-, 72‑7
length, weaving, 73‑27 50‑25 Benchmark, 78‑7
of the cut, 39‑2 equation, A‑133 official, 78‑8
plate, column, 61‑10 failure, rotation (fig), 44‑20 temporary, 78‑8
plate cantilever factor, 61‑11 fixed-end, 46‑2, 46‑7 Bend, pipe (fig), 17‑39
plate critical section, 61‑11 frame (fig), 51‑6 pipe, force on, 17‑39
retaining wall, 54‑3 hole in, 59‑17 Bending
slip, pole, 75‑14 indeterminate, 46-2, A‑142 axis, 45‑18
time, 20‑7 lateral buckling (fig), 59‑3 beam load cell, 85‑13
tower crane, 83‑10 load table, 59‑9 biaxial, 59‑15
unit, 1‑5 over-reinforced, 50‑6 moment, 44‑12
Baseball, 17‑44 prestressing effect on simple (fig), 56‑2 moment (ftn), 44‑8
Baseball (ftn), 17‑43 propped cantilever, 46‑2 moment diagram, 44‑9
Baseline, 80‑7 reinforced concrete, 50‑1 plane of, 59‑2
Baseline rate, 84‑8 reinforcement (fig), 50‑2 strength, steel beam, 59‑2
Basic serviceability, 50‑14 stress, 59‑2
accounting equation, 87‑35 shear strength, 50‑21 stress, beam, 44‑11
fire flow, 26‑24 shear stress, 44‑10 stress, beam (fig), 44‑12
shapes, 42‑1, 42‑4, A-127 soldier, 39‑7 stress (fig), 44‑12
Basin steel, 59‑2 unsymmetrical, beam, 59‑15
chemical sedimentation, 29‑8 steel, analysis flowchart (fig), 59‑7 unsymmetrical, case (fig), 59‑15
sedimentation, plain, 29‑5 steel, design flowchart (fig), 59‑9 Beneficial, reuse, 30‑21
settling, G‑14 thickness, minimum (tbl), 50‑17 program, 30‑21
stilling, G‑15 transverse force, 44‑11
Basis under-reinforced, 50‑6 Benefit
calculation, dry and wet (tbl), 49‑4 unsymmetrical bending, 59‑15 annual, 73‑28
daily compounding, 87‑29 wide, 44‑18 -cost ratio method, 87‑16
W-shape (fig), 59‑2
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-7
INDEX-B
stress, 85‑12 pipe, 16‑11 pretension, minimum(tbl), 65‑4
Bicarbonate hazard, 25‑12 steel pipe, 16‑11 standards, 45‑10
Bicyclist crash factor, 75‑11 Blacktop, 76‑11 structural, 65‑1
Bidding, competitive, 89‑4 Blade tensile stress area, 65‑4
Bifurcation ratio, G‑3 jet force on, 17‑37 thread, 45‑10
Billion (tbl), 1‑7 pitch, circular, 18‑5 torque, 45‑14
parts per, 22‑12 Blasius torque factor, 45‑15
Bimetallic element, 44‑4 equation, 17‑6 twist-off, 65‑1
Binary solution, 17‑47 Bolted
acid, 22‑5 Blast-furnace gas (ftn), 24‑8 connection (fig), 65‑2
compound, 22‑4 Bleeding, G‑4 connection reduction values (tbl), 60‑3
fission, 27‑8, G-3 pavement, 76‑4 simple framing connection (fig), 65‑8
Binder Bleeding (ftn), 76‑15 Bolting, small column base plate anchor
asphalt, 76‑2 Blind drainage, G‑4 (fig), 61‑12
grade, Superpave (tbl), 76‑3 Block Bomb calorimeter, 24‑15
humectant, 32‑8 and tackle, 41‑11 Bond, 87‑30
specification, 76‑16 load, 83‑10 fully amortized (ftn), 87‑30
-to-dust ratio, 76‑16 shear failure, 60‑4 masonry, 67‑3
Bingham shear failure (fig), 60‑4 pattern, 67‑3
fluid, 14‑7 shear strength, 60‑4 running, 67‑3
-plastic limiting viscosity, 17‑13 stress, 50‑8 yield, 87‑30
-plastic model, 17‑13 Bloom, G‑4 Bonded
Binomial Blowdown, 22‑24, 32-7 strain gauge, 85‑9
coefficient, 11‑2, 11‑5 Blower strain gauge (ftn), 85‑9
distribution, 11‑5 air, 30‑9 tendon, 56‑2
probability density function, 11‑5 wastewater, 30‑11 Bonus depreciation, 87‑23
theorem, 3‑3 Blowing Book
Bioaccumulation, G‑3 pavement, 76‑4 of original entry, 87‑35
factor, G‑3 whistle- (ftn), 89‑3 value, 87‑23
Bioactivation process, G‑3 Blowup, pavement, 76‑4 value, depreciation method (fig), 87‑24
Bioassay, G‑3 Blue center steel, 45‑23 value of stock, per share, 87‑37
Bioavailability, G‑3 Bluff, G‑4 Bookkeeping, 87‑35
Biochemical oxygen demand (see also Blunder, 78‑14 double-entry, 87‑35
BOD), 28‑9, G-3 Board system, 87‑35
test, 27‑9 foot, 1‑8 Boom
Biocide, 27‑8 foot measurement, 1‑8 crane, 83‑10
Biocide (ftn), 34‑23 of directors, 88‑2 sonic, 14‑16
Bioconcentration, G‑3 of engineering licensing, 90‑1 Boring, auger, 40‑11
factor, G‑3 Bob, plumb, 78‑9 Boron hazard, 25‑12
Biodegradable plastic, 32‑14 BOCA building code, 82‑1 Borrow
Biodegradation, 32‑14, G-3 BOD, 28‑9 common, 80‑2
Biofilm filter, 26‑15 escaping treatment, 30‑6 pit, 80‑4
Biofilter, 34‑7 exerted, 27‑9 Bottom ash, 24‑3, 32-5
Biofiltration, 34‑7 exertion, 28‑9 Bound
Biogas, G‑3 loading, 29‑10 lower, 9‑4
Biological removal efficiency, 29‑10, 30‑6 upper, 9‑4
bed, 29‑9 removal fraction, 29‑10, 30‑6 vector (ftn), 5‑1
contactor, rotating, 29‑12 removal rate constant, 29‑5 Boundary
contactor, rotating, characteristics, seeded, 28‑10 irregular, 7‑1
29‑12 sludge age, 30‑4 layer (ftn), 16‑9
filter, 29‑9 soluble, 30‑6 layer theory, 17‑47
reaction, 27‑11 test, 27‑9 value, 10‑1
Biology, cellular, 27‑1 treatment efficiency, 30‑6 Bounded exponential curve, 27‑4
Biomagnification, G‑3 ultimate, 28‑10 Bourdon pressure gauge, 15‑2
factor, G‑3 Body (fig), 41‑9 Boussinesq contour chart, 40‑2
burden, G‑4 Boussinesq stress contour chart, A‑125,
rigid, 71‑1 A‑126
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-9
INDEX-C
Cake Capitalized Catabolism, G‑4
filter, 30‑22 cost, 87‑7, 87‑15 Catalyst, 22‑14
sludge, 30‑19 cost method, 87‑15 Catalytic
Calcite, 26‑19 Capitalizing the asset, 87‑21 cracking, 24‑2
Calcium Capture, particle, 32‑8 reduction, selective, 34‑20
carbonate equivalents, A‑94 Car resistance, railroad, 75‑5 Categorization, microbe, 27‑6
hardness, 25‑4 Carbamate, 32‑13 Category
Calculation back, 76‑17 Carbamate urea, 32‑10 exposure, 48‑10
Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9‑4 Carbinol (tbl), 23‑1 severity, 75‑11
Calibration, 85‑2, 85‑7 Carbohydrate, 28‑15 Catena, G‑4
constants, thermocouple, A‑192 Carbohydrate (tbl), 23‑3 Catenary, 41‑20
factor, 75‑17 Carbon cable, 41‑20
single-point, 85‑2 activated, 34‑3 parameter, 41‑20
California adsorption, 29‑14 Caternary cable (fig), 41‑20
bearing ratio, 76‑21, 77‑7 dioxide, emission, 32‑5 Cathodic protection, 48‑11
bearing ratio test, 35‑30 dioxide, in leachate, 31‑9 Cation, 25‑1, G-4
kneading compactor, 76‑14 dioxide, in water, 26‑16 Cauchy
Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 85‑6 dioxide, properties (tbl), 31‑6 equation, 10‑5
Calming traffic, 73‑28 dioxide (tbl), 31‑6 number (tbl), 1‑10
Calorimeter, bomb, 24‑15 -fiber-reinforced concrete, 48‑7 -Schwartz theorem, 5‑3
Calvert model, venturi scrubber, 34‑19 fixed, 24‑5 Cause, driver overload (tbl), 75‑10
Calvert’s constant, 34‑19 granular activated, 26-15, 29‑14, 34‑3 Caustic
Camber, 56‑5 monoxide, emission, 32‑5 embrittlement, 22‑21
Camp formula, 29‑6 powdered activated, 29‑14 phosphate treatment, 22‑26
Camp’s correction, 19‑5 steel, 58‑1 Cavalier projection, 2‑3
Canon, 89‑1 Carbonaceous Caveat emptor, 88‑7
Canonical form, row, 4‑2 bacteria, 28‑10 Cavitation, 18‑15, 18‑17
Cant, 79‑11 demand, G‑4 coefficient, 18‑17
Cantilever Carbonate corrosion, 22‑21
bulkhead, 39‑5 hardness, 22‑23, 25‑4, 26‑16, G-4 number, critical, 18‑17
footing, 36‑2 hardness (ftn), 22‑23 preventing, 18‑17
retaining wall, 37‑2, 54-3 hardness removal, 26‑16 CBR, 35‑30
wall, 37‑2, 39‑5 reaction with alkali, 48‑2 load (tbl), 35‑31
Cap Carbonic CBR (fig), 77‑6
landfill, 31‑4 acid, 22‑22, 22‑25, 25‑2, 31-9 CD test, 35‑28
mushroom, 83‑7 acid (ftn), 34‑24 Cell, 31‑2
Capacitance, 84‑6 Carbonyl (tbl), 23‑1 bending beam load, 85‑13
Capacitive reactance, 84‑5, 84‑6 Carboxylic acid (tbl), 23‑2 gram-negative, 27‑2
Capacitor, 84‑5, 84‑6 Carcinogen, G‑4 height, 31‑2
Capacity, 73‑16 Card, indicator, 85‑15 membrane, 27‑1
bearing, 36‑1 Cardano’s formula, 3‑4 photovoltaic, 85‑5
bearing, allowable, 36‑2 Carrier, G‑4 shear beam load, 85‑13
bearing, clay, 36‑5 frequency, 85‑4 structural, 41‑13
bearing, gross, 36‑3 slurry, 17‑12 structure, 27‑1
bearing, net, 36‑4 Carrying capacity, 27‑4 transport, 27‑2
bearing, rock, 36‑8 Carryover factor, 47‑14 wall, G‑4
bearing, sand, 36‑7 Cartesian yield, 30‑14
bearing, ultimate, 36‑3 coordinate system, 7‑3 Cellular biology, 27‑1
brimful, 80‑9 equation form (ftn), 3‑2 Cement
carrying, 27‑4 triad, 5‑2 asbestos pipe, 16‑11
design, 38‑2 unit vector, 5‑2 asphalt, 76‑2
design, traffic, 73‑5 unit vector (fig), 5‑2 bentonite, 40‑10
earth-handling equipment, 80‑9 Carver-Greenfield process, 30‑22 bentonite slurry trench, 40‑10
excess, 87‑33 Casagrande method, 35‑25 factor, 49‑2
field, 31‑7 Cascade impactor, G‑4 low-alkali, 48‑2
heaping, 80‑9 Case, Westergaard, 40‑2 portland, 48‑1
heat, 13‑4 Cased hole, G‑4 properties, 49‑1
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INDEX-C
channel ratio (tbl), 19‑6 raft on, 36‑10, 36‑11 building, 82‑1, 82‑2
channel ratios, A‑84 sensitivity, 35‑30 model, 82‑1
curve, 79‑2 slope stability, 40‑8 National Electrical, 84‑9
member, 50‑22 varved, 40‑4 of ethics, 89‑1
mil, 84‑2, A-4 versus sand, 36‑2 of Federal Regulations, 83‑1
motion, 71‑7 Clean coal technology, 24‑5 Coding, 75‑11
permutation, 5‑5 Cleaning, coal, 24‑5 Coefficient
pipe ratios, A‑34, A‑84 Clean-out, G‑5 absorption, 31‑9
pipes, hydraulic element, A‑34 Cleanup ACI, shear, 47‑20
shaft, design, 45‑15 advanced flue gas, 34‑4 active earth pressure, 37‑3
transcendental function, 6‑2 flue gas, 32‑2 air resistance, 75‑3
Circulating Clear distance, 50‑8 binomial, 11‑2, 11‑5
fluidized-bed boiler, 34‑11 Clear zone, 75‑14 BPTSF estimation (tbl), 73‑15
fluidized-bed boiler design, 34‑11 Clearance, G‑5 cavitation, 18‑17
Circulation, 8-8, 17‑43 period, all-red, 73‑22 chemistry, 49‑9
area, pedestrian, 73‑19 Clearwell, 26‑14 Chezy, 19‑3
Circumferential Client, dealing with, 89‑2 conductivity, 35‑24
strain, 45‑7 Clinker, 24‑3 constant, 10‑1, 10‑2, 10‑3
stress, 45‑5, 45‑6 Clinographic projection, 2‑3 Coriolis, 19‑29
Cis form, 3‑9 Close-sheeting, 39‑1 correlation, 11‑18
Civil Closed discharge, venturi, 17‑32
complaint, 88‑7 box, 45‑17 distribution, G‑6
tort (ftn), 88‑7 traverse, 78‑14 drag, 17‑44
CJP weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 -loop recovery system, 34‑4 drag, cars, 17‑44
Clam, 27‑8 Closely held corporation, 88‑2 drainage, 31-7, 76‑22, 77‑7
Clarification, 29‑7 Closure earth pressure, 37‑5
zone, 30‑15 in departure, 78‑15 end condition, 61‑3
Clarifier in latitude, 78‑15 end restraint, 45‑3
chemical, 29‑8 traverse, 78‑15 end restraint (tbl), 45‑3
final, 29‑13, 30‑3 traverse (fig), 78‑16 endogenous decay, 28‑7, 30‑8
-flocculator, 26‑13 Cloth filter, 40‑11, 80-12 film, 30‑18
grit, 29‑5 Cloud point, 24‑7 flexibility, 47‑9
intermediate, 29‑13 Cloverleaf friction, 65‑3
plain sedimentation, 29‑7 full, 73‑25 friction, dynamic, 75‑6
secondary, 29‑13 interchange, 73‑25 gas absorption (tbl), 31‑9
Class, G‑5 Cluster half-velocity, 28‑7
I highway, 73‑13 information, 81‑1 Hazen uniformity, 35‑2
II highway, 73‑13 stake, 81‑1 Horton, 19‑14
III two-lane highway, 73‑13 CMP, 16‑12 layer, 76‑22
A surface, 65‑3 CMP (tbl), A‑82 linear expansion, 44‑4
asset, 87‑21 Co-firing, 31‑10 linear thermal expansion (tbl), 44‑4
B surface, 65‑3 CO2, ultimate, 24‑13 load transfer, 77‑7
C fly ash, 77‑13 Coagulant, 26‑8, 29-8 loss, 17‑13, 17‑15
construction, 82‑7 dose, 26‑9 loss (tbl), 17‑14
F fly ash, 77‑13 Coagulation, 29‑8 Manning roughness, 19‑4, A-82
limit, 11‑11 Coal, 24‑4 mass-transfer, 34‑22
occupancy, 82‑6 anthracite, 24‑5 matrix, 4‑6
pipe, 16‑12 ash, 24‑4 maximum specific growth rate, 28‑7
property, bolt, 45‑10 bituminous, 24‑5 maximum yield, 28‑7
survey, 78‑5 blending, 32‑8 method of loss, 17‑13
Classical adjoint, 4‑5 cleaning, 24‑5 method of undetermined, 10‑4
Classification dry ultra-fine, 32‑8 minor entrance loss (tbl), 19‑30
culvert flow, 19‑31 formation, 35‑33 neutral stress, 21‑9
culvert flow (fig), 19‑31 lignite, 24‑5 nozzle, 18‑24
industry (ftn), 83‑2 lump, 24‑5 of absorption, 22‑10
soil, 35‑4, 83-3 micronized (ftn), 24‑5 of compressibility, 14‑14, 40-5
soil, AASHTO, 35‑4, 35‑5 nut, 24‑5 of consolidation, 40‑5
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INDEX-C
-mix aeration, 30‑3, 30‑7 -controlled strain limit, 50‑5 deck system, bridge, 51‑8
mixing, G‑5 index, 35‑25, 40‑4 density, 48‑4
mixing model, 26‑11 index, secondary, 40‑6 density (ftn), 15‑12
-penetration groove weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 isentropic, 30‑10 -disintegration cracking, 48‑2
Completion time, 86‑14 isothermal, 15‑13 durability, 49‑1
Complex line, virgin, 35‑25 fiber-reinforced, 48‑3, 48‑7
conjugate, 3‑9 member (fig), 61‑7 flowable, 48‑8
Golgi, 27‑2 member, steel, 61‑1 footing, 55‑1
matrix, 4‑1 polytropic, 15‑14 form, 49‑6
number, 3‑1, 3‑8 ratio, 40‑4 formwork, 49‑6
number operation, 3‑9 strength, concrete (tbl), 77‑3 full-depth asphalt concrete (fig), 76‑27
plane, 3‑8 strength, masonry, 67‑4 grout-bonded, 77‑14
power, 84‑7 wave speed, 17‑40 high-performance, 48‑7
Component zone, 30‑15 high-slump, 48‑3
alias (ftn), 9‑9 Compressive high-strength, 48‑7
key, 34‑22 development length, 55‑7 honeycomb, 49‑5
moment, 41‑4 failure (fig), 43‑9 hot mix asphaltic, 76‑2
of a vector, 5‑1 grout, 67‑6 hot-weather, 49‑6
Composite stiffened, unstiffened element (fig), ingredient proportions, typical (tbl),
action, 57‑2 61‑7 48‑1
action, bridge deck, 57‑4 strength, 43‑8 latex-modified, 77‑14
action, full, 64‑3 strength, concrete, 48‑4 lightweight, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8
action, multi-wythe wall, 68‑15 strength, masonry, 67‑4 lightweight aggregate factor (tbl), 48‑6
action, partial, 64‑3 strength, steel column, 61‑4 masonry unit, 67‑1
beam, 64‑1 strength unconfined, 35‑30 member, composite, 57‑1
beam cross section (fig), 64‑1 Compressor efficiency, 30‑10 mixing, 49‑2, 49‑5
beam, deflection design model (fig), Concave, 7‑2 mixture, proportioning, 77‑2
64‑3 down curve, 7‑2 MMA, 48‑8
beam, design, 64‑4 up curve, 7‑2 modulus of elasticity (fig), 48‑6
beam, strength design model (fig), 64‑3 Concavity, 7‑2 modulus of rupture, 48‑6
concrete member, 57‑1 Concentrated nonvibration, 48‑8
construction, 64‑1 force, 41‑2 normalweight, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8, G-5
grid deck, unfilled, 57‑4 force, plate girder, 63‑5 pavement (see also type), 77‑1
load, 57‑3 Concentration permeability, exposure category P,
pile, 38‑1 -cell corrosion, 22‑21 48‑10
spring constant, 45‑22 chemical species, 22‑11 pipe, 16‑11, 28-3, A-47
steel member, 64‑2 curve, 20‑7 pipe, prestressed, 16‑11
structure, 44‑21 geometric stress, 44‑5 pipe, reinforced, 16‑11
Compositing, wastewater, 28‑16 ionic, 22‑13 placing, 49‑5
Composition metal, 28‑16 plain, G‑5
atmospheric air, 30‑9 saturation, 22‑10 Poisson’s ratio, 48‑7
atmospheric air (tbl), 30‑9 stress, 44‑5 polymer, 48‑8, 77-14
biomass, 27‑11 stress, press-fit, 45‑9 post-tensioned, 56‑2
dry air (tbl), 24‑9 time of, 20‑3, G-16 pressure, lateral, 49‑8
percentage, 22‑6 volatile suspended solids, 30‑4 pressure on forms, 49‑8
Compost, 30‑22 Concentrator, rotor, 34‑4 prestressed, 56‑2
Compostable plastic, 32‑14 Concentric prestressed, AASHTO tensile stress
Composting connection, 65‑1 limit (tbl), 56‑8
in-vessel, 30‑22 connection, shear, 65‑4 pretensioned, 56‑2
sludge, 30‑22 cylinder viscometer, 14‑7 reinforced, beam, 50‑1
static pile, 30‑22 cylinder viscometer (ftn), 14‑7 reinforced, slab, 51‑1
Compound, 22‑4, G-5 loading, 44‑13 retarder, 49‑9
amount factor, 87‑5 shear connection, 65‑4 roller-compacted, 48‑8, 76-30
binary, 22‑4 tension connection, 66‑4 sand-lightweight, 48‑8
corrosion-resisting, 48‑4 Concrete, 48-1, A‑47, G‑5 section, doubly reinforced, 50‑25
curve, 79‑7 AASHTO compressive stress limit, segregation, 49‑5
interest, 87‑12 prestressing tendon (tbl), 56‑8 self-compactible, 48‑8
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INDEX-C
breach, 88‑7 Convolution, integral, 10‑7 versed, 6‑5
construction (ftn), 88‑3 Cooling Cost, 87‑7, 87‑33
discharge of, 88‑6 concrete, 48‑5 accounting, 87‑37
document (ftn), 88‑3 Newton’s law of, 10‑10 aeration, 30‑10
principal, 88‑3 tower, 32‑7 analysis, life-cycle, 86‑7
privity, 88‑7 tower blowdown, 32‑7 annual capital, 73‑28
requirements for, 88‑3 Coordinate, 71‑2 -benefit analysis, highway safety, 75‑20
standard, 88‑5 fluid stream, 17‑19 -benefit ratio, 87‑16
Contracta, vena, 17‑18 fluid stream (fig), 17‑19 building, 86‑5
Contracted weir, 19‑12 free body diagram, 41‑22 capitalized, 87‑7
Contraction, 17‑13, G-5 holonomic, 71‑2 construction, 86‑5
coefficient of, 17‑18, 17‑32 system, 7-3, 71‑2 contingency, 86‑5
joint, 77‑12 Coordination direct, 86‑9
nappe, 19‑12 project, 86‑15 effect of inflation, 86‑7
sudden, 17‑14 warrant, signalization, 73‑20 effect of location, 86‑7
Contractor, 88‑5 Coplanar, 7‑2 -effectiveness index, 75‑20
prime, 88‑5 force system, 41‑6 -effectiveness method, 75‑20
Contraflexure Copper, A‑129 electricity, 18‑10
point, 7-2, 44-18 IACS, 84‑2 equivalent uniform annual, 87‑16
point of, 8‑2 loss, 84‑18 estimating, 86‑3
Contrast sensitivity, 75‑10 pipe, 16‑11 excavation, 80‑9
Contributory tubing, 16‑11 financing, 86‑5
factor, bicyclist and pedestrian crash tubing dimensions, A‑53 fixed, 86‑9, 87‑33
(tbl), 75‑12 water tubing, dimensions, A‑52 fixed and variable (fig), 87‑33
factor, crash (tbl), 75‑11 Copperas, 26‑8 fixed and variable (tbl), 87‑33
factor, crash at intersection (tbl), 75‑12 Cordon charge, 73‑29 incremental, 87‑33
Control Core, 44‑13, 85-4 indirect, 86‑9
chart, 11‑17 loss, 84‑18 indirect material and labor, 87‑34
delay, 73‑15 wire rope, 45‑23 information, 86‑7
downstream, 19‑22 Coriolis life-cycle, 87‑20
erosion, 80‑10 acceleration, 71‑9 movable equipment, 86‑5
erosion, fabric, 80‑12 coefficient, 19‑29 of goods sold, 87‑38
inlet, 19‑29 Corner, meander, G‑10 of sales statement (ftn), 87‑35
joint, 77‑12 Cornering ratio, 79‑8 on, 86‑9
NOx, 24‑5 Corona operating, 86‑9
odor, 29‑3 back, 34‑9 operating and maintenance, 87‑33
of access, G‑5 current ratio, 34‑10 opportunity, 87‑19
on flow, 19‑22 power ratio, 34‑10 overhead, 86‑7
outlet, 19‑29 wire, 34‑8 plus fixed fee, 88‑5
pollution, 32‑1 Corporation, 88‑2 prime, 86‑9, 87‑34
SO2, 24‑5 C, 88‑3 professional services, 86‑5
station, 78‑7 closely held, 88‑2 road user, 73‑28
sub-task, 75‑9 professional, 88‑2 recovery period (ftn), 87‑40
upstream, 19‑22 S, 88‑3 research and development, 87‑34
zone, temporary traffic, 73‑32 subchapter C, 88‑3 semivariable, 87‑33
Controlled low-strength material, 48‑8 Correction site development, 86‑5
Controller factor, curved beam (tbl), 44‑21 standard, 87‑38
activated, 73‑21 overburden, 36‑8 standard factory, 87‑38
fixed-time, 73‑20 surveyor’s tape (tbl), 78‑8 sunk, 87‑3
multi-dial, 73‑20 Correlation -time trade-off, 86‑9, 86‑10
on-demand, 73‑21 coefficient, 11‑18 total, 87‑34
traffic-activated, 73‑21 Germain, 29‑12 variable, 86‑9, 87‑33
Convention Othmer, 14‑13 weighted, 87‑32
dust size, 32‑7 Schulze, 29‑12 weighted average, 87‑32
sign (fig), 44‑6 Corrosion, 22‑20 Costing matrix, 86‑6
year-end, 87‑3 cavitation, 22‑21 Cotangent, hyperbolic, 6‑5
concentration cell, 22‑21
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INDEX-D
Curvature (fig), 78‑10 vertical, unsymmetrical, 79‑18 compensatory, 88‑8
Curve, 7‑3 virgin, 40‑4 consequential, 88‑8
area under standard normal (tbl), A‑15 Wöhler, 43‑10 exemplary, 88‑8
backwater, G‑2 zero air voids, 35‑19 punitive, 88‑6
balanced, 72‑9 Curved special, 88‑8
beginning, 79‑4 beam (tbl), 44‑21 Damaging flood, 20‑6
bell-shaped, 11‑6 beam correction factor (tbl), 44‑21 Damper, pulsation (pump), 18‑3
bounded exponential growth, 27‑4 Cushion, crash, 75‑13 Damping, 87‑44
circular, 79‑2 Cut Dangerous section, 44‑12
compound, 79‑7 and fill, 80‑2 Darcian velocity, 21‑4
concave down, 7‑2 -and-sum method, 41‑16 Darcy, 21‑2
concave up, 7‑2 base of, 39‑2 equation, 17‑7, 17‑8
concentration, 20‑7 braced, 39‑1 flux, 21‑4
consolidation, 40‑4 braced, clay, 39‑2 friction factor, 17‑5, A-56
crest, 79‑12, 79‑15 braced, sand, 39‑2 friction factor (ftn), 17‑5
cumulative rainfall, 20‑2 chain, 78‑8 velocity, 21‑4
deflection angle (fig), 79‑4 in sand (fig), 39‑2 -Weisbach equation, 17‑7
degree, 7‑4 in soft clay (fig), 39‑3 Darcy’s law, 21‑3, 31-7, 35-23
degree of, 79‑2, 79‑3 in stiff clay (fig), 39‑3 DART rate, 83‑2
dissolved oxygen sag, 28‑11 -off wall, 40‑10 Data
drawdown, G‑6 -over (ftn), 87‑24 accident, 75‑17
easement, 79‑20 -over point (ftn), 87‑24 collector, 78‑5
elements, horizontal (fig), 79‑3 sectioning, 2‑4 crash, 75-11, 75-17
e-log p, 35‑24, 40‑4 size, 34‑8 crash frequency (fig), 75‑19
end of, 79‑4 Cutback asphalt, 76‑2 facility, 75‑17
Euler’s, 45‑3, 45‑4 Cutoff, roughness width, 2‑4 spot speed, 73‑5
even symmetry, 7‑4 Cutting hardness, 43‑15 traffic volume, 75‑17
flow, 35‑22, 43-6 Cyanazine, 32‑13 Date
graph, 7‑3 Cycle exam, 90‑3
highway, 79‑3 fixed-time, 73‑20 maturity, 87‑30
horizontal, 79‑2 freeze-thaw, 76‑17 Datum, 78‑8
horizontal, through point, 79‑6 hydrologic, 20‑2, G-9 Davis
horizontal, through point (fig), 79‑6 integrated gasification/combined, 24‑6 equation, 75‑5
IDF, 20‑6 length, 73‑18 equation, modified, 75‑5
intensity-duration-frequency, 20‑6 length, Greenshields, 73‑18 Daylight
layout, 79‑4 length, resonant, 73‑18 line, 81‑4
learning, 87‑44 length, Webster’s equation, 73‑18 stake, 81‑4
length, 79‑3 Cyclic Days
length, AASHTO required (tbl), 79‑16 strain (ftn), 43‑10 away rate, 83‑2
length, comfort, 79‑18 stress (ftn), 43‑10 supply of inventory on hand, 87‑37
length, crest curve, 79‑15, 79‑16, 79‑18 stress ratio, 40‑12 DBF, 20‑7
load-elongation, 43‑2 Cycloalkene (tbl), 23‑2 DBP, 25‑11
minimum radius, 79‑8 Cycloid, 7‑4 DC
number, NRCS, 20‑17 Cyclone, 34‑7 machine, 84‑17
number, runoff, 20‑19, 20‑20 impactor, G‑6 motors, A‑191
number, SCS, 20‑17 single, 34‑7 DDT, 32‑13
overconsolidated, 40‑4 Cylinder de Moivre’s theorem, 3‑9
parabolic, 79‑5, 79‑12 -operated pump, 18‑2 de Morgan’s set, law, 11‑2
performance, 18‑17 pipe, prestressed concrete, 16‑11 Dead
point of continuing, 79‑7 split testing procedure, concrete, 48‑6 load, 41‑5, G-6
power, 43‑6 thick-walled, 45‑6 load (ftn), 45‑2
preconsolidation, 40‑4 Cylindrical load pressure, 40‑9
pump, 18‑17 coordinate system (fig), 7‑3 -load factor, 74‑4
q-, G‑13 coordinate system (tbl), 7‑3 Deaeration, 28‑1
railway, 79‑3 Cypermethrin, 32‑13 Dealing
rating, G‑13 Cytoplasm, 27‑2 with client, 89‑2
rebound, 35‑25 Cytosol, 27‑2
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INDEX-D
culvert, 19‑34 photoemissive (ftn), 85‑5 positioning, 78‑6
doubly reinforced section, 50‑25 pressure relief, 16‑15 series balance bridge (ftn), 85‑10
filtering velocity, 34‑5 pressure-measuring, 15‑2 settlement, 36‑2
flange, 63‑2 Dew shunt balance bridge (ftn), 85‑10
flood, 20‑5, 20‑7 point, 24‑15 term, 9‑1
girder web, 63‑2 point, flue gas, 24‑15 transformer, 85‑4
hour volume, 73‑5 Dewatering, 26‑13, 80-12, G-6 Differentiation
interaction diagram, 52‑5 groundwater, 31‑7 implicit, 8‑5
intermediate stiffener, 63‑4 sludge, 30‑19 partial, 8‑4
life, 76‑20 Dezincification, 22‑21 Diffused
limit states, 58‑5 dfg, 24‑17 air injection, 26‑5
load and resistance factor, 58‑5 Diagnosis air system, 26‑5
mechanistic-empirical, 77‑11 procedure, transportation network, Diffusion
method, 58‑5 75‑19 -controlled cell, 85‑4
pavement, methodology, 77‑7 transportation network, 75‑19 facilitated, 27‑3
period, 76‑20 Diagonal passive, 27‑2
power (ftn), 72‑7 bracing, 53‑2 Digester
procedure, shear reinforcement, 50‑23 matrix, 4‑1 aerobic, 30‑17
professional, 88‑7 parking, 73‑23 anaerobic, 30‑17
resilient modulus, percentile (tbl), shear reinforcement, 50‑21 egg, 30‑18
76‑26 tension stress, 50‑21 gas (see also Methane), 30‑17
sequencing, 86‑8 Diagram Digestion, G‑6
slab, flexure, 51‑3 cash flow, 87‑3 aerobic, 30‑17
slab, shear, 51‑3 cash flow (fig), 87‑11 anaerobic, 30‑17
slip resistance, 65‑3 collision, 75‑12, 75‑19 Digit, significant, 3‑1
speed, 73‑3, 73‑5 collision (fig), 75‑19 Dihaloacetonitrile, 25‑11
speed, minimum (tbl), 73‑4 coordinate free-body, 41‑22 Dilatancy, G‑6
storm, 20‑5 drawing, shear and moment, 44‑9 test, 35‑4
strength, 50‑3, 50‑4, 52‑4 free-body, 41‑9 Dilatant fluid, 14‑7
T-beam, 50‑18 indicator, 85‑15 Dilation, 44‑2
tension member, 60‑6 influence, 41‑10, 46‑8, 46‑9, 46‑11, Dilution
tension member, LRFD (fig), 60‑7 46‑12, 46‑13 disposal, G‑6
traffic, 76‑18 interaction, 52‑5, 52‑6, 52‑7 of position, 78‑6
vehicle, 73‑3 mass, 20‑22, 80-7 of position, geodetic, 78‑6
vehicle, standard, 73‑3, 76‑19 moment, 44‑9 of position, horizontal, 78‑6
weathering steel, 58‑6 plastic moment, 59‑14 of position, vertical, 78‑6
Desorption profile, 80‑7 purification, 28‑11
gas (ftn), 34‑2 Rippl, 20‑22 Dimension
thermal, 34‑23 shear, 44‑9 bolt (tbl), 45‑12
Destruction removal efficiency, 34‑13 time-space, 73‑20 cast-iron pipe, A‑49
Destructive test, 43‑15, 82-4 valve (tbl), 16‑14 characteristic, 16‑7
Desulfurization, flue gas, 24‑5, 34-2 Venn (fig), 11‑1 concrete pipe, A‑47
Detector Diameter concrete sewer pipe, A‑47, A-48
light-sensitive, 85‑5 aerodynamic equivalent, 32‑7 CPVC pipe, A-43, A-44, A-45, A-46
resistance temperature, 85‑5 changes, tapered, 17‑14 ductile iron pipe, A-49, A‑50
-transducer, 85‑3 equivalent, 16‑7, 17‑45 nominal, 16‑11
Detention (see also Retention) equivalent (ftn), 16‑7 of variables, 1‑9
period, 26‑6, 29-7 equivalent (tbl), 16‑7 of variables (tbl), 1‑9
surface, G‑16 hydraulic, 16‑7, 17‑10, 19‑3 primary, 1‑8
time, 26‑6, 29-7 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑7 PVC pipe, A-43, A-44, A-45, A-46
time, hydraulic, 30‑4, 30‑9 Diametral sieve, 35‑2
Detergent, 25‑8 interference, 45‑7 steel pipe, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39,
Determinacy, 41‑8 strain, 45‑7 A-40, A-41, A-42
Determinant, 4‑3 Diamond interchange, 73‑25 Dimensional analysis, 1‑9
Determinate Diaphragm Dimensionless, 1‑8
beam, type, 41‑9 flexible, 68‑14 group, 1‑8, 1‑10
beam, type (fig), 41‑9 gauge, 15‑2 group (tbl), 1‑10
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INDEX-E
taxation, 88‑2 overload cause (tbl), 75‑10 coal, 32‑8
vortex, 34‑7 population adjustment factor, 73‑9 control, 32‑8
-vortex, single cyclone (fig) (inertial population adjustment factor, freeway density, areal, 34‑6
separator), 34‑7 (tbl), 73‑10 loading, 34‑6
-vortex, single cyclone (inertial separa‑ Driving -to-binder ratio, 76‑16
tor), 34‑7 dynamometer, 85‑14 Duty cycle, 84‑15
Doubling speed, 75‑10 Dye penetrant testing, 82‑4
time, 3-12, 87‑8, 87‑9 task, 75‑9 Dynamic
time, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9 task hierarchy (fig), 75‑9 analysis, 44‑8, 47‑2
Doubly Drop balance, 70‑2
reinforced beam parameter (fig), 50‑25 hammer, 38‑2 effect allowance (ftn), 59‑17
reinforced concrete beam, 50‑24 hydraulic, 19‑28 energy (ftn), 16‑2
reinforced concrete section, 50‑25 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑10, 19‑21 equilibrium, 72‑6
reinforced section design, 50‑25 panel, 51‑5 friction, 72‑6
Dowel, 55‑6, 77-7 pressure, steel pipe, A‑62 friction, coefficient, 75‑6
bar, 55‑6, 77-12 spherical, 10‑11 head, 18‑7
Downcycling, 32‑14 Drum load allowance, 74‑4
Downdrag, 38‑6 filter, vacuum, 30‑19 load allowance (ftn), 59‑17
Downgrade specific, highway, 73‑14 mixer, 76‑6 load factor (ftn), 59‑17
Downpull, G‑6 wire rope, 45‑24 reaction (ftn), 72‑6
Downstream Dry response, 44‑8
control, 19‑22 absorption, 34‑18 similarity, 17‑48
taper, 73‑33 air, composition (tbl), 24‑9 viscosity (ftn), 14‑7
Draft, 20‑22 basis, concrete, 49‑3 Dynamics, 71‑1
force, 26‑4 condition, 72‑7 vehicle, 75‑3
gauge (ftn), 15‑3 density, 35‑8 Dynamometer, 85‑14
tube, 18‑26 density, maximum, 35‑18 brake, 85‑14
Drag (see also type), 17‑43 flue gas loss, 24‑17 driving, 85‑14
coefficient, 17‑44 scrubbing, 34‑18 torsion, 85‑14
coefficient, cars, 17‑44 strength test, 35‑4 transmission, 85‑14
coefficient (fig), 17‑45 ultra-fine coal, 32‑8 Dyne, 1‑5, A-4
count, 17‑44 unit weight at zero air voids, 35‑19 Dystrophic, G‑6
disk, 17‑44 weather flow, G‑6
filter, 34‑6 weather flow (ftn), 20‑7 E
form, 17‑43 Drying bed, sand, 30‑20 e
induced, 17‑43 DTI washer (fig), 58‑5 -folding time, 3‑12
pressure, 17‑43 Du -log p curve, 35‑24, 40-4
profile, 17‑43 Nouy ring, 14‑12 -log p curve (fig), 35‑25
sphere, 17‑44 Nouy torsion balance (ftn), 14‑12 E. coli, 27‑3, 27‑6, 27‑9, G-7
vehicular, 75‑3 Dual Earplug, NRR, 83‑9
viscous, 72‑20 -certified steel, 58‑6 Earth
wake, 17‑43 -layer filter, 26‑14 atmosphere, 15‑13
Drain layer, pavement, 77‑14 atmosphere (ftn), 15‑14
down, pavement, 76‑4 Duct, sorbent-injection, 24‑5 curvature, 78‑9
extraction, 31‑7 Ductile -handling equipment, 80‑9
relief, 31‑7 -brittle transition temperature, 43‑15 pressure, 37‑2
slope, 80‑11 cast iron pipe, 16‑11 pressure, active, 37‑2, 37‑3
subgrade, 76‑31 failure, tensile, type (fig), 43‑5 pressure, active and passive (fig), 37‑3
subgrade (fig), 76‑31 failure mode, 50‑6 pressure coefficient, 37‑3, 37‑5
Drainage iron pipe, A‑49 pressure, Coulomb, 37‑3, 37‑5
blind, G‑4 iron pipe, special pressure classes, A‑50 pressure, lateral, coefficient of, 38‑3
coefficient, 31-7, 76‑22, 77‑7 iron pipe dimensions, A-49, A‑50 pressure, passive, 37‑2, 37‑5
density, G‑6 material, 43‑6 pressure, Rankine, 37‑2, 37‑5
double, 40‑5 material, typical tensile test result rare, 22‑3
netting, 31‑3 (fig), 43‑2 Earthwork, 80‑1
one-way, 40‑5 stress-strain curve (fig), 48‑10 factor, swell, 80‑1
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I-22 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-23
INDEX-E
gravitational (ftn), 16‑2 shear, 50‑21
degenerative, 7‑12 impact, 16‑4 Environment, 32‑2
equation, 31‑7 internal, 13‑4 Environmental
formula, A‑8 kinetic, 1‑3, 1‑5, 13‑3, 16-2 engineering, 32‑4
Elliptic integral function (ftn), 9‑9 kinetic, specific, 16‑2 impact report, 32‑3
Elongation line (ftn), 16‑10 protection, ethics, 89‑4
at failure, percent, 43‑6 lost in a jump, 19‑25 Enzyme, 27‑6, G-7
percent, 43‑6 method, 47‑3 Eötvös number, 17‑48
Elongation (ftn), 46‑2 potential, 1‑3, 13‑3, 16-2 Eötvös number (tbl), 1‑10
Elutriation, G‑6 pressure, 13‑4, 16-2 Ephemeral stream, G‑7
Elutriator, G‑6 -production efficiency, 13‑7 Epicycloid, 7‑4
Embankment, G‑6 p-V, 13‑4 Epidemic, 10‑10
fill, 40‑9, 80-2 sink, 17‑17 Epilimnion, G‑7
Embedment source, 17‑17 Epoxy
distance, 50‑24 specific, 13-1, 16‑2, 16‑10, 19‑16 coal tar, 16‑12
length, masonry, 67‑7 spring, 13‑3 -coated rebar, 48‑11
Embrittlement stagnation, 16‑4 -coated wire, 67‑7
caustic, 22‑21 static, 13‑4 coating factor, 55‑6
hydrogen, 22‑21 static (ftn), 16‑2 pipe coating, 16‑12
Eminent domain, G‑7 strain, 43‑7, 44‑3, 44‑13 Equal
Emission strain, method, truss deflection, 44‑18 angle, 61‑2
fugitive, 32‑8, 34‑16 tapered, 26‑13 -tangent parabola, 79‑12
rate, lowest achievable, 34‑2 total, 16‑2, 16‑4 vectors, 5‑1
Empirical -use efficiency, 13‑7 Equality of matrices, 4‑4
Bayes adjustment, 75‑18 velocity (ftn), 16‑2 Equalization, flow, 29‑3, 34‑23
design, concrete deck, 51‑8 -work principle, 13‑3, 13‑4 Equation, 3‑2
formula, 22‑6 Engineer algebraic, 3‑2
Employer, dealing with, 89‑2 consulting, 90‑1 American Insurance Association, 26‑25
Emulsified asphalt, 76‑2 intern (ftn), 90‑1 Andrade’s, 43‑17
Emulsion, G‑7 -In-Training exam, 90‑1 Antoine (ftn), 14‑11
asphalt, G‑2 professional, 90‑1 auxiliary, 10‑1
Emulsion (ftn), 22‑11 registered, 90‑1 Bernoulli, 16‑2, 19‑7
Encroachment, G‑7 Engineer’s Bessel, 10‑5
lane, 79‑22 chain, 78‑8 Blasius, 17‑6
End level, 78‑10 Boussinesq’s, 40‑2
built-in, 46‑7 transit, 78‑12 Camp, 29‑6
cable, 41‑21 Engineering Cauchy, 10‑5
condition coefficient, 61‑3 dimensional system, 1‑8 characteristic, 4‑8, 10‑1
fixed, 46‑7 economic analysis, 87‑2 Chezy, 19‑3
moment, amplified, 53‑5 economics (ftn), 87‑2 Chezy-Manning, 19‑4
-of-pipe treatment, 32‑1 economy (ftn), 87‑2 Clausius-Clapeyron (ftn), 14‑11
plate construction (fig), 65‑9 economy factor, A‑194, A‑195 Colding, 31‑7
point, titration, 25‑2 environmental, 32‑4 Colebrook, 17‑6
post, 41‑13 intern (ftn), 90‑1 complementary, 10‑1
product, waste decomposition (tbl), licensing, 90‑1 complete isothermal flow, 17‑11
27‑10 material, type (fig), 43‑2 continuity, 17‑3
restraint coefficient, 45‑3 mechanics, 41‑2 Coulomb’s, 35‑26
restraint coefficient (tbl), 45‑3 News Record equation, 38‑2 Darcy, 17‑7, 17‑8
-restraint factor, 61‑3 registration, 90‑1 Darcy-Weisbach, 17‑7
slope rounding, 81‑4 strain, 43‑2 Davis, 75‑5
Endocytosis, 27‑3 stress, 43‑2 Davis, modified, 75‑5
Endoergic impact, 72‑18 value, 86‑2 Deutsch-Anderson, 34‑9
Endogenous Engineers differential, 10‑1
decay, 28‑7 dealing with, 89‑3 Donnan, 31‑7
decay coefficient, 28‑7, 30‑8 Joint Contracts Documents dose, 26‑9
Endoplasmic reticulum, 27‑2 Committee (ftn), 88-5 Dupuit, 21‑6, 80-12
Endosulfan, 32‑13 Engineers’ Creed, 89‑1 ellipse, 31‑7
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I-24 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-25
INDEX-F
aeration, 30‑3 centrifugal, 79‑8
water, in concrete, 49‑3 Bernoulli equation, 17‑16 compaction, 31‑2
Exchange ion, process, 22‑23 Extending screed, 76‑7 compressibility (ftn), 14‑14
Excitation, motor, 84‑17 Exterior span moment distribution (tbl), condition, 74‑5
Exemplary damages, 88‑8 51‑7 conversion, A‑1
Exemption, industrial, 90‑1 External conveyance, open channel, A‑86, A‑88
Exertion, BOD, 28‑9 force, 41‑2, 72-2 conveyance, trapezoidal channel, A‑86
Exfoliation, 22‑20 friction angle, 37‑3, 37‑6 crash, 75‑9
Exhaustion, premature, 29‑14 friction angle (tbl), 37‑4 crash modification, 75‑18
Exit investment, 87‑14 Cunningham correction, 34‑9
centrifugal pump, 18‑2 pressure, 15‑14 Cunningham slip, 34‑9
high-speed, 73‑32 rate of return, 87‑13 Darcy friction, 17‑5, A-56
pipe, 17‑14 work, 13‑2 dead-load, 74‑4
spiral, 79‑20 Extraction directional, 73‑5
Exocytosis, 27‑3 drain, 31‑7 directional distribution, 76‑18
Exoergic impact (ftn), 72‑18 method, 76‑10 directionality, 73‑5
Exothermic reaction, 22‑19 vacuum, 34‑23 discount (tbl), 87‑8
Expansion well, gas, 31‑6 distribution, 47‑14
by cofactor, 4‑3 Extra-flexible hoisting rope, 45‑22 driver population adjustment, 73‑9
factor, 17‑34 Extraneous root, 3‑4 durability, 49‑1
factor (fig), 17‑34 Extrema point, 8‑2 economic analysis, A‑194, A‑195
joint, 77‑12 Extreme effective length, 53‑3, 61‑3
linear, coefficient, 44‑4 fiber, 42‑7, 44‑12 effective length (tbl), 61‑3
series, 8‑8 fiber stress, 44‑12 effective length, wall, 54‑2
thermal, coefficient, 44‑4 operating point, 18‑19 end-restraint, 61‑3
thermal coefficient of (ftn), 14‑14 point, 8‑2 epoxy coating, 55‑6
volumetric, coefficient, 44‑4 shear stress, 44‑6 evaluation live-load, 74‑4
Expected tension steel, 50‑5 expansion, 17‑34
average crash frequency, 75‑18 Extrinsic waste, 32‑2 expansion (fig), 17‑34
value, 11‑8, 78-2, 87-31 Extrusive igneous rock, 35‑33 exponential gradient, 87‑27
Expense, 87‑33 Eyebar famililarity, 73‑9
account (ftn), 87‑38 assembly (fig), 60‑7 fatigue notch, 43‑11
administrative, 87‑34 bridge, 60‑6 fatigue stress concentration, 43‑11
artificial, 87‑21 design, 60‑6 filler, 65‑4
classification, typical (tbl), 87‑34 flexural amplification, 62‑2
general, selling, and administrative, F flow, 17‑15
87‑33 F friction, 77‑8
marketing, 87‑34 -shape barrier, 75‑14 friction, pavement (fig), 77‑11
selling, 87‑34 -waste, 32‑2 gage, 85‑9
Expensing the asset, 87‑21 FAA formula, 20‑4 growth, 76‑18
Experiment Fabric growth projection, 76‑18
accuracy, 11‑12 ditch lining, 80‑12 Harmon’s peaking, 28‑3
insensitivity, 11‑12 erosion control, 80‑12 heavy vehicle, 73‑9
precision, 11‑12 loading, 34‑6 human, 75‑9
reliability, 11‑12 nonwoven, 40‑11 impact, 16‑5, 40-10
stability, 11‑12 reinforcing, 40‑11 in crash, bicyclist, 75‑11
Explement angle, 78‑14 woven, 40‑11 in crash, intersection, 75‑10
Explosive power, ton of, 1‑7 Face in crash, pedestrian, 75‑11
Exponent, 3‑5 angle, 6‑6 in crash, roadway segment, 75‑10
polytropic, 15‑14 brick, 67‑3 instrument, 78‑8
rule, 3‑5 shell mortar bedding, 68‑4 integrating, 10‑2
strain-hardening, 43‑6 value, bond, 87‑30 irreducible, 87‑3
Exponential velocity, 21‑4, 34-5 joint quality, 16‑11
decay, 10‑10 Facilitated diffusion, 27‑3 judgment, 87‑3
distribution, 11‑6, 11‑10 Facility lane and shoulder adjustment, 73‑14
distribution, negative, 11‑9 data, 75‑17 lane distribution, 76‑18
form, 3‑8 disposal, 33‑2 lane distribution (tbl), 76‑19
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I-26 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
lateral torsional buckling, 59‑4 base circle, 40‑8 boiler, characteristics, 22‑24
lightweight aggregate, 50-16, 55‑2, 55‑6 block shear, 60‑4 Feldspar, 35‑33
live-load, 74‑4 block shear (fig), 60‑4 Fence, silt, 80‑12
load, 40‑10, 50-3 brittle, 43‑15, 50‑5 Fenvalerate, 32‑13
load (haulage), 80‑1 conditional probability of, 11‑9 Fermentation, 27‑10
load, bedding, 40‑10 cup-and-cone, 43‑5 Ferritic stainless steel (ftn), 22‑21
load equivalency, 76‑18 ductile, mode, 50‑6 Ferrous alloy, true and engineering stress
loading, 31‑3 energy versus temperature (fig), 43‑16 and strain (fig), 43‑6
long-term deflection, 56‑3 envelope, 35‑26 Ferrule, ceramic, 64‑4
Meyerhof, 36‑4 fatigue, 43‑10 FFS (see Free-flow speed), 73‑10
Meyerhof (tbl), 36‑4 fracture, 74‑2 FFT, 9‑8
moment, 59‑4 line, 35‑26 analyzer, 9‑8
moment amplification, 62‑2 mean time before (ftn), 11‑9 Fiber
nonquantifiable, 87‑3 mean time to, 11‑9 core wire rope, 45‑23
nonquantitative, 87‑3 mode, steel beam, 59‑4 extreme, 42‑7
nut, 45‑14 shear, soil, 36‑3 -reinforced concrete, 48‑7, 48‑3
of safety, overturning, 15‑12 slope circle, 40‑8 -reinforced concrete, steel, 77-14
of safety, sliding, 15‑12 soil, 35‑26 Fiberglass, 32‑5
overload, 45‑2 toe circle, 40‑8 Fiduciary responsibility, 88‑3
peak hour, 73‑6 veneer, 31‑4 Field
peaking, 28‑2 Faith of an Engineer (ftn), 89‑1 capacity, 31‑7
phase, 84‑8 Fall condition, crash, 75‑19
pipe, 16‑9 arrest system, 83‑7 condition, transportation, 75‑16
piping geometry, 17‑15 protection, 83‑7, 83‑9 density test, 35‑21
plastification, web, 63‑7 inverse-square attractive, 72‑21
INDEX-F
Falling
power, 84‑8, 84‑10 -head test, 35‑24 inverse-square repulsive, 72‑21
reinforcement location, 55‑6 limb, 20‑7 File hardness, 43‑14
reinforcement size, 55‑6 mass energy, 13‑3 Fill, 80‑2
resistance, 74‑5 weight deflectometer, 76‑17 and cut, 80‑2
Reynolds number, 17‑15 False broad, 40‑9
roadway or environmental, 75‑9 position method (ftn), 12‑2 embankment, 40‑9
section, 19‑3 positive error, 11‑15 Filled metal deck, 57‑4
separation, 34‑8 Familiarity factor, 73‑9 Filler
service, 84‑14 Family factor, 65‑4
service (ftn), 72‑7 chemical, 22‑2 metal, 66‑1
shape, 35‑24, 36‑3 organic compound, 23‑1, 23‑2, 23‑3 metal, material, 58‑4
side friction, 38‑3, 72-9, 79-8 Fan brake, 85‑14 mineral, 76‑3
single payment present worth, 87‑6 Fanning friction factor (ftn), 17‑5 Fillet
sinking fund, 87‑7 Faraday, 84‑2, A-1 weld, 45‑15, 66‑2, 66‑9
size, 55‑5 Faraday’s law of induction, 17‑29 weld, size, minimum (tbl), 66‑4
slenderness, reduction, 68‑8 Fast weld (fig), 66‑3
stability correlation (tbl), 76‑12 Fourier transform, 9‑8 Film coefficient, 30‑18
stadia interval, 78‑8 track pavement, 76‑30 Filming amine, 22‑25
standard cash flow, A‑194 tracking, 86‑10 Filter
stiffness reduction, axial load, 53‑4 Fastener, 45‑10, 65‑1 backwashing, 26‑14
stiffness reduction, lateral load, 53‑3 allowable, 65‑3 berm, 32‑15
strain sensitivity, 85‑9 available load, 65‑3 biofilm, 26‑15
strength reduction, 50‑4, 50‑5 critical, 45‑19 biological, 29‑9
stress concentration, 44‑5 stress, static loading (tbl), 65‑3 cake, 30‑22
stress concentration, press fit, 45‑9 tension connection (fig), 65‑6 chamber, 32‑15
stripping, 34‑22 Fatigue cloth, 40‑11, 80-12
surface area, 76‑7 corrosion, 22‑21 drag, 34‑6
surface finish, 43‑11 damage value, relative, 76‑21 drag model, 34‑6
swell, 80‑1 failure, 43‑10 dual-layer, 26‑14
system, 74‑5 life, 43‑10 fixed media, 29‑9
T-, 73‑9 limit state (ftn), 74‑4 fly, 29‑9
table, economic analysis, A‑194, A‑195 loading, 58‑6 high-rate, 29‑9
Terzaghi, 36‑4 low-cycle, 43‑10 low-rate, 29‑9
Terzaghi (tbl), 36‑3 notch factor, 43‑11 multi-layer, 26‑14
time, 40‑6 notch sensitivity, 43‑11 multi-media, 26‑14
transverse sensitivity, 85‑9 ratio, 43‑10 others, 26‑15
truck, 76‑18 resistance, pavement, 76‑4 polishing, 29‑13
utilization, 73‑29 strength, 43‑10 porous, 21‑5
vehicle, 75‑9 stress concentration factor, 43‑11, 44‑5 press, belt, 30‑19
velocity of approach, 17‑31 test, 43‑10 press, recessed plate, 30‑19
Vesic, 36‑4 Fatty acid, 27‑10 pressure, 26‑15
Vesic (tbl), 36‑4 Fatty acid (tbl), 23‑2 ratio, 34‑5
wall shear stress (ftn), 17‑5 Faulting pavement, 76‑4 resistance, 34‑6
weighting, 87‑44 Faying surface, 22‑21, 65-3 roughing, 29‑9
yield, 27‑12 Fecal coliform, 27‑9, G-7 sand, 26‑14, 29-13
Factored Fee sand, bed, 32‑15
load, 50‑3 fixed, cost plus, 88‑5 sand, rapid, 26‑14
moment, slab beam, 51‑7 lump-sum, 88‑5 sand, slow, 26‑15
Factorial, 3‑3 per diem, 88‑5 specific area, 29‑10
Factoring polynomial, 3‑4 percentage of construction cost, 88‑5 standard-rate, 29‑9
Factory cost, 87‑34, 87‑38 projection, 86‑2 super high-rate, 29‑9
Facultative, G-7 retainer, 88‑5 trickling, 29‑9
bacteria, 27‑6 salary plus, 88‑5 two-stage trickling, 29‑11
heterotroph, 27‑8 structure, 88‑5 vacuum drum, 30‑19
pond, 29‑4 Feedwater Filtering velocity, 34‑5
Failure, 11‑3 boiler, 22‑24 Filtration, 26‑14
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-27
INDEX-F
fighting demand, 26‑24 Flanged beam, web (fig), 44‑11
fighting duration, 26‑25 Flap, 17‑42 standard, 20‑7
flow, 26‑24 Flare, 31‑6, 34‑16 standard project, 20‑7
flow, basic, 26‑24 curb, 79‑5 Flooding, 34‑2, 34‑23
flow, ISO, 26‑25 parabolic, 79‑5 velocity, 34‑2
flow, needed, 26‑24 Flash Floor
hydrant, 26‑26 mixer, 26‑11 area, 82‑7
resistance standard, 82‑5 point (ftn), 24‑6 beam, 59‑2
resistivity, 82‑4 set, 49‑6 open grid, 57‑4
testing, door assemblies, 82‑4 Flashover, 34‑9 system, slab-beam (fig), 50‑3
First Flat Flotation, G‑7
area moment, 42‑3 belt friction (fig), 72‑7 thickening, dissolved air, 30‑16
derivative, 8‑1 friction, 72‑6 Flow, 73‑7
flush, 32‑15 plate, 45‑21, 51‑5 accelerated, 19‑23, G-1
-in, first-out method, 87‑39 plate, uniform pressure (tbl), 45‑21 around a cylinder, 17‑43, 17‑46
law of cosines, 6‑7 slab, 51‑5 base, 20‑7, G-3
law of thermodynamics (ftn), 13‑2 Flatworm, 27‑8 base (ftn), 20‑7
moment of a function, 9‑6 Flexibility choked, 19‑22
moment of area, 42‑3, 46‑6 coefficient, 47‑9 coefficient, valve, 17‑15
-order analysis, 53‑1 method, 47‑3, 47‑7 coefficient of, 17‑32
-order analysis, linear elastic, 47‑2 pavement, 76‑4 control, 19‑22
-order differential equation, 10‑1 Flexible critical, 16‑8, 19‑19, G-5
-order, exact, 10‑3 bulkhead, 39‑5 culvert, 19‑30
-order, linear, 10‑2 connection, 65‑7 culvert, classification (fig), 19‑31
order, survey accuracy, 78‑5 diaphragm, 68‑14 curve, 35‑22, 43-6
-stage demand, G‑7 membrane liner, 31‑3, 31‑4 decelerated, 19‑23
Fish, toxic effects on, 25‑9 pavement, 76‑11, 76‑30, G-7 dry weather, G‑6
Fisher’s pavement, design, AASHTO method, dry weather (ftn), 20‑7
kurtosis, 11‑14 76‑19 energy, 13‑4
skewness, 11‑14 pavement, equivalency factor, A‑182, energy (ftn), 16‑2
Fission, binary, 27‑8, G-3 A‑183, A‑184 equalization, 29‑3, 34‑23
Fit pavement, minimum thickness, 76‑22, factor, 17‑15
interference, 45‑7 76‑26 front velocity, 21‑4
press, 45‑7 pavement design nomograph, fully turbulent, 16‑8, 17‑5
shrink, 45‑7 AASHTO (fig), 76‑24 gravity, 16‑6, 18‑5
Fitting, 17‑13 pavement structural design, 76‑17 in circular channels, A‑84
screwed (ftn), 17‑13 pipe, 40‑9 laminar, 16‑8
threaded (ftn), 17‑13 Flexural line, 21‑8, 29-2
Fittings, equivalent length, A‑63 amplification factor, 62‑2 maximum, 73‑7
Fixation, nitrogen, G‑11 buckling, 61‑2 measurement, 17‑28, 26‑4
Fixed center, 45‑18 net, 20‑7, 21‑8, 21‑9
angle jib, 83‑10 -compressive force relationship, 62‑2 net, seepage, 21‑8
asset, 87‑36 design strength, 59‑5 nonuniform, 19‑2, 19‑16, 19‑22
axis, rotation, 72‑2 /force interaction equation, 62‑2 nozzle, 17‑34
-base method, 20‑8 magnifier, 62‑2 number, 26‑12
carbon, 24‑5 moment (ftn), 44‑8 of water, steel pipe, A‑62
cost, 86‑9, 87‑33 reinforcement, selection, 55‑4 open channel, 16‑6
dissolved solids, 25‑10 rigidity, 44‑3 over flat plate, 17‑47
element, 73‑3 stiffness, 47‑14, 53‑4 overland, 20‑7, G-12
end, 46‑7 strength, 77‑6 overland (ftn), 20‑7
-end beam, 46‑2, 46‑7 stress, 44‑11 -pacing chlorinator, 29‑14
-end moment, 46‑7, A-140 Flexure slab design, 51‑3 rapid, 19‑17, G-13
error, 85‑2 Flint, 35‑33 rate, 15 min passenger car equivalent,
flux (ftn), 26‑23 Flipped sine, 6‑5 73‑11
jib, 83‑10 Float, 86‑12, G-7 rate, 26-14, 73‑7, 73‑9
media filter, 29‑9 independent, G‑9 rate, maximum service, 73‑5
percentage of book value (ftn), 87‑22 steam trap, 16‑15 rate, peak pedestrian, 73‑22
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-28 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
rate, pedestrian unit, 73‑22 velocity, maximum, 17‑3 normal, 15-12, 72‑6, 75‑6
rate, saturation, 73‑16, 73‑17 viscosity type, 14‑6 normal, on a dam, 15‑12
rate, service, 73‑6, 73‑11 Fluidity, 14‑7 normal (ftn), 72‑5
rate, volumetric, 17‑3 Fluidized on a dam, 15‑12
rate equation, 26‑12 -bed boiler, 34‑11 on blade, jet, 17‑37
rate of, 73‑5, 73‑7 -bed combustion, 24‑5 on pipe bend, 17‑39
ratio, 73‑16 -bed combustor, 34‑10 on plate, jet, 17‑36
regime, G‑7 -bed combustor (fig), 34‑10 point, 41‑2
regime, subsonic (ftn), 14‑16 Fluke, 27‑8 pound, A‑4
resistance, 34‑6 Flume, G‑7 quadratic velocity-dependent, 72‑20
retarded, G‑14 Parshall, 19‑15 reversed effective (ftn), 72‑6
rough-pipe, 17‑5 Parshall, K-values (tbl), 19‑15 specific, 19‑16
shear, 45‑17 Fluoridation, 26‑15 system equilibrium condition (tbl),
sheet, 20‑3 chemicals, 25‑7 41‑7
shooting, G‑15 Fluoride ion, in water, 25‑6 system, type, 41‑6
steady, 19‑2, G-15 Fluorosis, 25‑6 tendon jacking, 50‑4
steady, well, 21‑6 Flush tensile, 41‑18
streamline, 16‑8 air, G‑1 tension, 41‑18
subcritical, 19‑17, G-15 first, 32‑15 tractive, 75‑3
subsurface, 20‑7 Flushing, 76‑15 tractive, locomotive, 75‑5
supercritical, 19‑17, G-16 pavement, 76‑4 unbalanced, 41‑2, 72-5
surface, 20‑7 Flushing (ftn), 76‑15 uplift, 21‑9
surface (ftn), 20‑7 Flux, 66‑2 velocity-dependent, 72‑20
through, profit, 88‑2 -cored arc welding, 66‑2 web, 59‑17
INDEX-F
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-29
INDEX-F
uniform acceleration (tbl), 71‑4
Velz, 29‑12 degree of, 11-8, 47-11, 71‑2, 71‑12 unit shaft, 38‑3
weight, 22‑5 degree of, chi-squared, 11‑8 wall, soil, 37‑3
Weymouth, 17‑11 Freehaul, G‑7 Frictionless surface, 41‑7
Formwork, 49‑6 distance, 80‑8 Frontage road, G‑8
concrete pressure on, 49‑8 Freeman’s formula (ftn), 26‑25 Frontal
pressure on, 49‑8 Freeway, 73‑3, 73‑8, G-7 area, 17‑44
stay-in-place, 51‑9 weaving segment (fig), 73‑27 auxiliary view, 2‑2
Forward Freeze Frost
pass, G‑7 in piles, G‑8 damage, 76‑31
soil pressure, 37‑2 -thaw cycle, 76‑17 effect, 76‑17
stationing, 79‑4 /thaw, exposure category F, concrete, heave, 37‑13, 38‑6
tangent, 79‑2 48‑10 jacking, 38‑6
Foundation, 36‑1 Freezing, 76‑31 pavement, 76‑31
compensated, 36‑10 pavement, 76‑31 susceptibility, G‑8
shallow, 36‑1 Freight ton, 1‑7 Froude number, 17‑50, 19‑19
Fourier Freon, 32‑5 Froude number (tbl), 1‑10
analysis, 9‑7 Frequency Fuel
inversion, 9‑7 analysis (ftn), 9‑8 -bound NOx, 32‑10
number (tbl), 1‑10 carrier, 85‑4 consumption, vehicular, 75‑4
series, 9‑7 crash, 75‑17 diesel, 24‑7
transform, fast, 9‑8 crash (ftn), 75‑17 economy, 75‑3, 75‑4
waveform, 9‑8 distribution, 11‑11 heats of combustion, A‑108
Fourier’s theorem, 9‑7 distribution, step interval, 11‑11 loss, unburned, 24‑17
Four-phase signal, 73‑15 electrical, 84‑5 NOx, 32‑10
Fourth multiplier, 83‑8 oil, 24‑6
moment of the mean, 11‑14 natural, 9‑7 oxygenated, 32‑5
standardized moment, 11‑14 of occurrence, 20‑5 property (tbl), 24‑6
Fraction polygon, 11‑11 refuse-derived, 24‑4, 31-10
fines, 35‑4 storm, 20‑5 refuse-derived (tbl), 31‑10
gravimetric, 22‑6, 24‑2 Fresnel integral function (ftn), 9‑9 standard condition, gaseous, 24‑2
growth rate, 3‑12 Fretting corrosion, 22‑21 switching, 32‑16
inhalable, 32‑7 Friable, G‑8 tire-derived, 24‑4
ionized, HOCl, 26‑21 Friction (see also type), 17‑5 viscosity, A‑27
mole, 14‑6, 24‑2 angle, effective stress, 35‑26 waste, 24‑4
of ionization, 22‑16 angle, external, 37‑3, 37‑6 Fugitive
partial, 3‑6, 9‑3 angle, external (tbl), 37‑4 dust, 32‑7
partial pressure, 24‑2 angle, interfacial, 31‑4 emission, 32‑8, 34‑16
remaining curve, 26‑7 angle, interfacial (tbl), 31‑5 Full
removal, 30‑6 angle, soil (tbl), 37‑4 bridge, 85‑12
removed, total, 26‑7 angle, wall, 37‑6 cloverleaf, 73‑25
respirable, 32‑7 belt, 72‑7 composite action, 64‑3
submerged, 15‑16 brake, 85‑14 -depth asphalt concrete (fig), 76‑27
thoracic, 32‑7 coefficient, 65‑3 -depth asphalt pavement, 76‑2, 76-26,
volumetric, 24‑2 coefficient of, 15-12, 72‑6, 72‑7, 75‑6 76‑29
Fracture coefficient of, tire, 75‑6 -depth reclamation, 76‑29
appearance transition temperature, Coulomb, 72‑6 -lift safety valve, 16‑15
43‑16 course, open-graded, 76‑4 -load value, motor, 84‑14
critical, 74‑2 dynamic, 72‑6 mortar bedding, 68‑4
failure, 74‑2 factor, 77‑8 -penetration groove weld, 66‑2
strength, 43‑3 factor, Darcy, 17‑5, A-56 station, 78‑9
transition plastic temperature, 43‑15 factor, Darcy (ftn), 17‑5 -wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8
Frame, 41‑13 factor, Fanning (ftn), 17‑5 Fully
deflection, 47‑5 factor, pavement (fig), 77‑11 amortized bond (ftn), 87‑30
inertial, 71‑10 factor chart, Moody, 17‑7 compensated foundation, 36‑10
wide beam (fig), 51‑6 factor chart, Moody (fig), 17‑8 prestressing, 56‑3
Framing connection, 65‑7 flat, 72‑6
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I-30 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
integral Fresnel (ftn), 9‑9 dissolved in liquid, 22‑10 dilution of position, 78‑6
integral gamma (ftn), 9‑9 extraction well, 31‑6 level, 78‑10
integral of combination, 9‑2 flue, 24‑13 survey, 78‑5
integral sine, 9‑9 friction loss, 17‑10 Geofoam, G‑8
Lagrange stream, 17‑4 greenhouse, 32‑9, 32‑10 Geographic Information System, 78‑7
mapping, 7‑3 incompressible (ftn), 16‑3 Geogrid, 31‑4, G-8
moment, 44‑14 landfill, 31‑5 Geoid, 78‑7
of an angle, 6‑2 liquefied petroleum, 24‑8 Geomat, G‑8
of related angle, 6‑3 manufactured (ftn), 24‑8 Geomembrane, 31‑4, G-8
performance, 11‑10 metal arc welding, 66‑2 Geometric
regular, 8‑1 methane, 30‑18 delay, 73‑15
safety performance, 75‑17 natural, 24‑8, 24‑12 design, airport, 79‑23
second moment of, 9‑7 noble, 22‑3 design, railway, 79‑23
stream, 17‑4 off-, 34‑21 growth, 3‑12
stream potential, 17‑4 producer (ftn), 24‑8 mean, 11‑13
symmetrical, 7‑4 properties, A‑107 sequence, 3‑12
transcendental, 8‑2 specific heat, 24‑2 series, 3‑13
trigonometric, 6‑2 stack, 24‑13 similarity, 17‑48
unit impulse, 10‑6 sulfur in stack, 32‑4 slope, 19‑3
unit step, 10‑6 synthetic, 24‑6, 24‑8 stress concentration, 44‑5
values for positive x values, comple‑ town (ftn), 24‑8 Geonet, G‑8
mentary, A‑17 wah, G‑17 Geopipe, G‑8
values for positive x values, error, A‑17 water (ftn), 24‑8 Geospacer, G‑8
vector, 5‑5 Gasification, 32‑14 Geostationary orbit, 72‑22
velocity potential, 17‑4 Gasohol, 24‑8 Geostrip, G‑8
vers, 6‑5 Gasoline, 24‑6 Geosynthetic, 31‑4, 40-11, G-8
well, 21‑7, 21‑8 characteristics, 32‑8 Geotechnical safety and risk mitigation,
Functional pollution, 32‑8 35‑33
form, 3‑2 reformulated, 24‑7 Geotextile, 40‑11
group, organic, 23‑1, 23‑3 Gate valve, 16‑13 specifications, 40‑12
Functionally obsolete, bridge, 74‑2 Gauge (see also Gage) symbols, A‑119, G‑8
Fund, sinking, 87‑7 bonded strain (ftn), 85‑9 Germain correlation, 29‑12
Fundamental theorem of calculus, 9‑4 diaphragm, 15‑2 Giardia cyst, 26‑22
Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 90‑1 draft (ftn), 15‑3 Girder, 59‑2
Fungi, 27‑8, G-8 dummy, 85‑10 AASHTO-PCI standard, section (fig),
Fungicide, 32‑13 nuclear, 35‑22 56-10
Furnace pitot (fig), 17‑30 depth, 63‑2
efficiency, 24‑17 pitot-static, 17‑30 hybrid, 63‑1
sorbent-injection, 24‑5 pitot-static (fig), 17‑30 plate, 59‑2, 63‑1
Future worth, 87‑5 staff, 19‑11 plate (fig), 63‑1
strain, 15-2, 85‑9, 85‑14 properties, AASHTO-PCI standard,
G unbonded strain (ftn), 85‑9 section (fig), 56‑9
g-force (ftn), 72‑4 wire, American, 84‑9 standard, AASHTO-PCI, 56‑8
G.K. formula (ftn), 19‑3 Gauge (ftn), 14‑3 web design, 63‑2
G-P system, 28‑4 Gauging, stream, 19‑2 Girt, 59‑2
Gabion wall, 37‑2 Gauss’ hypergeometric equation, 10‑5 GIS, 78‑7, G-8
GAC, 26‑15, 29-14 Gaussian distribution, 11‑6 Glacial till, G‑8
Gage (see also Gauge) Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4‑2 Glass, volcanic, 35‑33
factor, 85‑9 Gear Glauconite, 22‑23, 26‑18
pressure, 14‑3, 15‑2 motor, 18‑12 Global
pressure (ftn), 15‑7 overdrive, 75‑4 distillation, 32‑13
spacing, 60‑2 rotex, 83‑10 positioning system, 78‑6
Gage (ftn), 14‑3 Gelular resin, 26‑18 warming, 32‑9
Gaging, stream, G‑15 General Globe valve, 16‑13
Galton’s distribution, 11‑8 aviation airport, 79‑23 Glycol (tbl), 23‑2
Galvanic contractor, 88‑5 GM barrier, 75‑14
action, 22‑20 damages, 88‑8 GMT, G‑8
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-31
INDEX-H
line, energy, 16‑10, 17‑17 distribution, 26‑26 Grout, 67‑6
line, energy, without friction (fig), earth, 1‑2 -bonded concrete, 77‑14
16‑10 flow, 16‑6, 18‑5 compressive strength, 67‑6
line, hydraulic, 16‑10, 17‑17 sewer, 28‑4 modulus of elasticity, 67‑6
line, hydraulic, without friction (fig), specific, 14‑4, 35-8 slump, 67‑6
16‑10 standard, 1‑2 Grouted pile, 38‑7
point, 80‑2, 81‑3 thickening, 30‑15, 30‑16 Grouting, partial, 68‑6
point (fig), 81‑5 wall, 37‑1 Growth
resistance, 75‑3 well, 21‑2, 21‑5 bacterial (tbl), 27‑6
roadway, 75‑3 Grease, 28‑15, 29‑7 exponential, 3‑13, 10‑10
rod, 81‑4 Greek alphabet, 3‑1 factor, 76‑18
rod (fig), 81‑5 Green geometric, 3‑12
rod reading, 81‑4 bar, 48‑11 instantaneous, 3‑13
stake, 81‑1 period, 73‑22 logistic, rate constant, 27‑4
steel, 48‑9 ratio, effective, 73‑16 Malthusian, 3‑12
structural rivet (ftn), 45‑10 sand, 26‑18 organismal, 27‑3
viscosity, 14‑10 time, effective, 73‑21 population, 3‑12
weathering, 67‑5 Green’s rate, 3‑12
Graded performance, asphalt, 76‑16 law, 2‑4 rate, arithmetic, 3‑12
Gradian, 78‑7 theorem, 2‑4 rate, average annual, 3‑12
Gradient, G‑8 Greenhouse rate, constant, 3‑12
cash flow, 87‑9 effect, 32‑9, 32‑10 rate, exponential, 87‑4
cash flow, positive and negative (fig), gas, 32‑9, 32‑10 rate, linear, 3‑12
87‑9 Greenman v. Yuba Power (ftn), 88‑7 rate, maximum specific, 30‑7
energy, 19‑3, G-7 Greensand, 22‑23 rate, net, 28‑7
factor, exponential, 87‑27 Greenshields rate, specific, 28‑7
hydraulic, 21‑2 method, signal timing, 73‑18 rate coefficient, maximum specific,
roadway, 75‑3 -Poisson method, 73‑18 28‑7
ruling, 75‑5 Grid, 34‑8, 85-9 rate fraction, 3‑12
series cash flow, 87‑4 floor, open, 57‑4 g’s, units of (ftn), 72‑4
vector, 8‑6 meridian, 78‑12 Guard
velocity, 14‑7, 17‑15, 26‑11 roller, 35‑18 stake, 81‑3
Grading Grillage, G‑8 stake, measurement, 81‑3
gap, 5‑5 Grinding, scum, 29‑7 Guardrail, 75‑13
penetration, 76‑3 Grip, 45‑13 highway, 75‑14
soil, 35‑2 Grit, 29‑5, 34‑24 tension cable, 75‑14
viscosity, 76‑3 chamber, 29‑5 W-beam, 75‑14
Graetz number (tbl), 1‑10 chamber, aerated, 29‑6 Guidance
Grain, A‑5 chamber, characteristics, 29‑7 positive, 75‑10, 75‑11
alcohol, 24‑8 clarifier, 29‑5 sub-task, 75‑9
per gallon, 25‑4 Groove Guinea, 81‑1
size, effective, 35‑2, 35‑23 weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gumbo, G‑8
unit, 25‑4 weld, complete-penetration, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gunter’s chain, 78‑8
unit (ftn), 26‑19 weld, full-penetration, 66‑2 Gutter inlet, 28‑5
Grains per gallon (ftn), 22‑25 weld, partial-penetration, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gyration
Gram weld symbol, bridge construction (fig), least radius of, 42‑7
-mole, 22‑5 66‑9 radius of, 42‑6, 45‑3, 61‑3, 70-2
-negative cell, 27‑2 Grooving, pavement, 77‑13 Gyratory compactor, Superpave, 76‑16
Granite, 35‑33 Gross
Granular air-to-cloth ratio, 34‑5 H
activated carbon, 26-15, 29‑14, 34‑3 area, 60‑2 H-pile, 38‑4
soil, 37‑2 bearing capacity, 36‑3 HAA5, 25‑11
Graph filtering area, 34‑5 Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17‑7
curve, 7‑3 filtering velocity, 34‑5 Half
directed, 86‑10 heating value, 24‑15 -angle formula, 6‑4
influence, 41‑10 margin, 87‑37 -angle thread, 45‑15
moment of inertia, 50‑16 -bridge, 85‑12
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I-32 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
-lath stake, 81‑1 waste, disposition, 33‑2 vehicle median barrier, 75‑14
-life, 3-12, 22‑14 waste, incineration, 34‑14 vehicle median barrier (fig), 75‑14
-life, decay, 10‑10 waste incinerator (fig), 34‑15 Heel, 37‑13
-velocity coefficient, 28‑7 Hazen dam, 15‑12
-wave symmetry, 7‑4 uniformity coefficient, 35‑2 retaining wall, 54‑4
-wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8 -Williams constant, A‑55 Heel (verb) (ftn), 15‑18
-year rule, 87‑3 -Williams equation, 17‑9 Height, 2‑2
Halide (tbl), 23‑1 -Williams nomograph, A‑64 building, allowable, 82‑7
alkyl (tbl), 23‑2 -Williams roughness pipe, A‑55 cell, 31‑2
Halite, 35‑33 -Williams velocity, 19‑6 critical, excavation, 39‑3
Haloacetic acid, 25‑11 Hazen’s empirical formula, 21‑3 measurement, parallax, 78‑20
Halogen, 22‑3 Hazen’s formula, 35‑23 object, 78‑20
Halogen (tbl), 23‑1 Hazmat, 33‑1 of an instrument, 81‑4
Halogenated compound, 25‑10 HCM exhibit, two-line highway adjustment of packing, 34‑22
Halomethane, 32‑6 (tbl), 73‑14 of the instrument, 78‑11
Halon, 32‑6 HDPE pipe, 16‑11 of transfer unit, 34‑22
Hammer Head, 18‑6, G-9 piezometric, 21‑2
double-acting, 38‑2 acceleration, 18‑3 rebound, 72‑18
drop, 38‑2 acceleration (ftn), 18‑3 roughness, 2‑4
single-acting, 38‑2 added, 17‑16 waviness, 2‑4
water, 17‑40 added, pump, 17‑16 Helix, 7‑13
water (fig), 17‑40 dynamic, 18‑7 pitch, 7‑13
Hard effective, 17‑18, 18‑7 thread angle, 45‑15
hat, 83‑7 extracted, 17‑16 Helmet, 83‑7
INDEX-H
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-33
INDEX-H
in beam, 59‑17 HSM crash estimation method, 75‑17 embrittlement, 22‑21
lamp, G‑10 Hub, 45‑7 heavy, 22‑2
oversized, 65‑2 stake, 81‑1 ion, G‑9
punched, 60‑3 stake, measurement, 81‑1 normal, 22‑2
slotted, 65‑2 Hull, convex, 7‑2, 7‑3 sulfide, 28‑6
spacing, 65‑2 Human Hydrogenation, 32‑14
standard, 60‑3 error, 85‑2 Hydrograph, 20‑7
tap, 15‑2 factor, 75‑9 analysis, 20‑7
Hollow immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 27‑11 separation, 20‑7
brick, 67‑3 Humectant (ftn), 32‑8 Snyder, 20‑11
structural section, 58‑3 Humectant binder, 32‑8 synthesis, 20‑11, 20‑13
Holographic Humic acid, G‑9 triangular unit, 20‑12
NDT method, 43‑14 Humus, G‑9 unit, 20‑8
testing, 43‑14 Hundred Hydrologic
Holomorphic function, 8‑1 year flood, 20‑7 cycle, 20‑2
Holonomic coordinate, 71‑2 year storm, 20‑7 soil group, 20‑17
Homogeneous Hveem Hydrological cycle, G‑9
circuits, law of, 85‑8 cohesiometer, 76‑15 Hydrolysis, 23‑4
differential equation, 10‑1, 10‑2 mix design method, 76‑14 Hydrolyzing metal ion, 26‑8
linear equation, 3‑7 stabilometer, 76‑14 Hydrometeor, G‑9
second-order, 10‑3 Hveem’s resistance value test, 35‑32 Hydrometer, 14‑5
unit system (ftn), 1‑2 Hybrid girder, 63‑1 test, 35‑2
Homologous Hydrant, fire, 26‑26 Hydronium ion, G‑9
family, pump (ftn), 18‑14 Hydrated Hydrophilic, 14‑13, G-9
pump, 18‑14 lime, 26‑16 Hydrophobic, 14‑13, G-9
Honeycomb concrete, 49‑5 molecule, 22‑6 Hydrostatic
Hook, 50‑24 Hydration, 22-11, 48‑1, 48‑3, G-9 moment, 15‑12
standard (fig), 55‑6 heat of, G‑9 paradox, 15‑4
standard, masonry, 67‑7 water of, 22‑6 pressure, 15‑4, 37-10
Hooke’s Hydraulic pressure, vertical plane surface (fig),
law, 43‑2, 44‑2, 45‑22, 85-12 conductivity, 21‑2 15‑7
law (fig), 44‑2 depth, 19‑3, G-9 resultant, 15‑6
Hoop depth (ftn), 16‑7 torque, 15‑12
beam, 50‑22 detention time, 30‑4, 30‑9 Hydrostatic (ftn), 15‑4
stress, 45‑5, 45‑6 diameter, 16‑7, 17‑10, 19‑3 Hydrostatics, 17‑2
Horizon, 87‑3, G-9 diameter (ftn), 16‑7 Hydroxyl (tbl), 23‑1
analysis, 87‑18 diameter, conduit shape (tbl), 16‑7 Hydroxyl group, 23‑1
Horizontal drop, 19‑28 Hyetograph, storm, 20‑2
auxiliary view, 2‑2 drop (ftn), 16‑10, 19‑21 Hygroscopic, G‑9
circular curve, 79‑2 element, circular pipes, A‑34 water, G‑9
curve elements (fig), 79‑3 elements, A‑84 Hyperbola, 7‑12
curve, through point, 79‑6 grade line, 16‑10, 17‑17, A-34 equilateral, 7‑12
curve, through point (fig), 79‑6 gradient, 21‑2 rectangular, 7‑12
dilution of position, 78‑6 head, 26‑14 unit, 6‑5
flow, grit chamber, 29‑5 horsepower, 17‑16, 18‑8 Hyperbolic
joint reinforcement, 67‑7 horsepower equation (tbl), 18‑8 cosecant, 6‑5
multiplier, 83‑8 jack, 15‑15 cosine, 6-5, 41‑20
shear, 44‑11 jump, 19‑25, G-9 cotangent, 6‑5
sightline offset, 79‑11 jump (ftn), 16‑10 function, 6‑5
stadia measurement (fig), 78‑9 kilowatt equation (tbl), 18‑9 function, derivative, 8‑2
Horsepower, 13‑6, A-1 load, concrete, 49‑8 function, integral of, 9‑2
aero, 17‑44 loading, 28‑3, 29‑11, 34‑24 identity, 6‑6
boiler, 24‑17 mean depth (ftn), 19‑3 radian, 6‑5
friction, 18‑9 NPSHR, 18‑23 secant, 6‑5
hydraulic, 17‑16, 18‑8 power, 18‑8 sine, 6‑5
hydraulic (tbl), 18‑8 press, 15‑15 tangent, 6‑5
shaft, 45‑16 radius, 16‑6, 19‑3, A-34, G-9
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I-34 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-35
INDEX-I
product of, 42‑7, 70-2 Insecticide (see also Pesticide), 32‑13 single-point diamond, 73‑25
rectangular moment of, 42‑4 Insensitivity, 85‑2 single-point urban, 73‑25
resistance, vehicle, 75‑3 experiment, 11‑12 trumpet, 73‑25
vector, 70‑2 Inspection type (fig), 73‑26
vector (ftn), 72‑6 polynomial, 3‑4 urban, 73‑25
Inertial radiographic, 82‑4 Interest
force, 70‑2, 72‑6 Instability, 85‑2 compound, 87‑12
frame of reference, 71‑10 Instant center, 71‑13 rate, effective, 87‑5, 87‑28
frame of reference, Newtonian, 71‑10 Instantaneous rate, effective, per period, 87‑28
resisting force, vehicle, 75‑3 center, 71‑13 rate, effective annual, 87‑5
separator, 32‑8, 34‑7 center, constrained cylinder (fig), 72‑12 rate, nominal, 87‑29
survey system, 78‑7 center of acceleration, 71‑14 simple, 87‑12
Infant mortality, 11‑9 center of rotation, 66‑8 Interfacial
Infective dose, 27‑11 center of rotation method, 65‑6 area, 34‑22
Infiltration, 21‑10, G-9 deflection, 50‑16 friction angle, 31‑4
capacity, 21‑10 growth, 3‑13 friction angle (tbl), 31‑5
sewer, 28‑2 reorder inventory (fig), 87‑45 Interference, 45‑7
test, double-ring, 21‑10 values, 71‑2 fit, 45‑7
Infiltration (ftn), 20‑7 Instrument Interflow, G‑9
Infinite coefficient of, 17‑30 Intergranular, 22‑21
series, 3‑13, 87-7 factor, 78‑8 attack, 22‑21
series (ftn), 3‑13 height, 78‑11, 81-4 corrosion, 22‑20
Inflation, 87‑41 person, 81‑4 Interior
effect on cost, 86‑7 telescopic, 78‑5 angle, 78‑14, 79‑2
Inflection Insurance, 88‑8 angle, curve, 79‑2
point, 7‑2, 8‑2 Services Office, 26‑24 intermediate stiffener, 63‑3
point, assumed, 47‑19 Intangible property (ftn), 87‑21 Intermediate
point, deflection, 44‑18 Integral, 9‑1, 9‑2 clarifier, 29‑13
point, flexible bulkhead, 39‑5 convolution, 10‑7 column, 45‑4, 61‑4
Inflow, 28‑2 cosine function, 9‑9 metals, law of, 85‑8
Influence definite, 9‑4 stiffener, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑4
Influence, radius of, 21‑6, 31-6 definite (ftn), 9‑1 stiffener (fig), 63‑4
chart, 40‑2, 40‑3 double, 9‑3 stiffener design, 63‑4
cone, 40‑2 elliptic function (ftn), 9‑9 temperatures, law of, 85‑8
diagram, 41‑10, 46‑8, 46‑9, 46‑11, exponential function, 9‑9 Intermittent
46‑12, 46‑13 Fresnel function (ftn), 9‑9 duty, 84‑15
graph, 41‑10 function, 9‑9 sand filter, 29‑13
line, 41‑10 gamma function (ftn), 9‑9 Intern engineer (ftn), 90‑1
value, 40‑3 indefinite, 9‑1, 9‑4, A-11 Internal
zone of, 40‑2 of combination of functions, 9‑2 energy, 13‑4
Influent, G‑9 of hyperbolic function, 9‑2 force, 41‑2, 41‑14, 72-2
stream, G‑9 of transcendental function, 9‑1 friction, angle of, 35‑17, 35‑26, 40‑8,
Information sine function, 9‑9 43-8, 72-7
cluster, 81‑1 triple, 9‑3 work, 13‑2, 43-7
header, 81‑1 Integrand, 9‑1 Internal rate of return, 87‑13
Infrared Integrated gasification/combined cycle, International
incineration, 34‑14 24‑6 Building Code, 58‑5, 82-1
testing, 43‑13 Integrating factor, 10‑2 Building Code (ftn), 58‑5
Inhalable fraction, 32‑7 Integration, 9‑1 Code Council, 82‑1
Initial by parts, 9‑2 Fire Code, 82‑2
abstraction, 20‑2, 20‑21 by separation of terms, 9‑3 Mechanical Code, 82‑2
loss, G‑9 constant of, 9‑1, 10‑1 Plumbing Code, 82‑2
modulus, 48‑5 method, 42‑1, 42‑4 Residency Code, 82‑2
period, 73‑21 Intensity standard atmosphere, A‑66
rate of absorption, 67‑5 -duration-frequency curve, 20‑6 standard metric condition, 24‑2
rainfall, 20‑5
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I-36 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-37
INDEX-L
offset between tangent and curve, strength, 76‑21
Lagging, G‑10 79‑22 strength coefficient (tbl), 76‑25
circuit, 84‑8 pressure on formwork, 49‑8 thickness determination (fig), 76‑26
storm method, 20‑13 ratio, 79‑8 -thickness equation, 76‑22
Lagoon spreading cracking, pavement, 76‑5 Layered geological strata, 83‑3
aerated, 29‑5 strain, 43‑5 lbmol, 22‑5
aerated, stabilization, 29‑5 support, 59‑3 Le Châtelier’s principle, 22‑13
stabilization, 29‑4 tie, masonry column, 69‑2 Leachate, 31‑7
Lagrange stream function, 17‑4 torsional buckling modification factor, carbon dioxide in, 31‑9
Lagrange’s formula, 5‑5 59‑4 generation rate, 31‑7
Lagrangian interpolating polynomial, 12‑3 Latex migration, 31‑7
Lake -modified concrete, 77‑14 recovery, 31‑8
dimictic, G‑6 synthetic, 76‑6 treatment, 31‑8
meromictic, G‑11 Lath, 81‑1 Leaching
monomictic, G‑11 Latitude, 78‑13 cesspool, 29‑2
polymictic, G‑13 Latitude (fig), 78‑14 characteristic, toxicity, 32‑2
Lame’s solution, 45‑6 Lattice selective, 22‑21
Lamella plate, 26‑6 bar, 61‑2 Lead, 32‑10
Laminae, 16‑8 bar (ftn), 61‑2 angle, bolt, 45‑15
Laminar Latticed column (ftn), 61‑2 Leading circuit, 84‑8
flow, 16‑8, 17‑6 Latus rectum, 7‑10, 7‑11 Leak detection and repair program
tube, 26‑6 Launching, 75‑13 (LDAR), 32‑8
Lamp hole, G‑10 Lava, G‑10 Learning
Land ban, 33‑2 Law curve, 87‑44
Landfill, 31‑2 Abrams’, strength, 48‑4 curve constant (tbl), 87‑45
cap, 31‑4 affinity, 18‑20 curve rate, 87‑44
capacity, 31‑2 associative, addition, 3‑2 Least
containment, 31‑2 associative, multiplication, 3‑2 radius of gyration, 42‑6, 61‑3
gas, 31‑5 Avogadro’s, 22-5, G‑2 squares balancing, 78‑16
monitoring, 31‑9 commutative, addition, 3‑2 squares method, 78‑15, 11-17
natural attenuation, 31‑2 commutative, multiplication, 3‑2 Ledger
siting, 31‑4 conservation of momentum, 17‑35 account, 87‑35
sludge, 30‑21 Dalton’s, 24‑15, 31-6 general, 87‑35
Subtitle C, 31‑3 Darcy’s, 21-3, 31-7, 35‑23 Left distributive law, 4‑4
Subtitle D, 31‑3 distributive, 3‑2 Leg, pipe, 17‑22
Landing speed, 79‑23 Green’s, 2‑4 Legal
Landvault, 31‑2 Henry’s, 34‑22 load, 74‑3
Lane Hess’, 22‑19 rating level, bridge, 74‑3
and shoulder adjustment factor, 73‑14 Hooke’s, 43‑2, 44‑2, 45‑22, 85-12 speed, 73‑4
auxiliary, G‑2 Joule’s, 13‑5 speed limit, 73‑4
Class III, 73‑13 Kepler’s, 72‑21 Legendre equation, 10‑6
distribution, 73‑8 Newton’s first, 72‑4 Legionella, 32‑4
distribution factor, 76‑18 Newton’s second, 72‑4 Legionnaires’ disease, 32‑4
distribution factor (tbl), 76‑19 Newton’s third, 72‑5 Length, 2‑2
encroachment, 79‑22 Newton’s, gravitation, 72‑21 arc, 71‑8
group, critical, 73‑16 of areas, 72‑21 arc, by integration, 9‑5
loading, 76‑19 of conservation of energy, 13‑2 characteristic, 19‑19
median, G‑11 of conservation of momentum, 72‑3 chord, 17‑42
occupancy ratio, G‑10 of cooling, Newton’s, 10‑10 conversion, SI, A‑5
Lang lay, 45‑23 of cosines, 6‑6 curve, 79‑3
Langelier of cosines, first, 6‑7 curve, comfort, 79‑18
saturation index, 26‑19 of cosines, second, 6‑7 cycle, 73‑18
stability index, 26‑19 of definite proportions, 22‑3 desirable, spiral curve, 79‑23
Lanthanide, 22‑3 of homogeneous circuits, 85‑8 development, 55‑5
Lanthanon, 22‑3 of induction, Faraday’s, 17‑29 development, masonry, 67‑7
Lanthanum (ftn), 22‑3 of intermediate metals, 85‑8 effective, 61‑3
of intermediate temperatures, 85‑8 effective, column, 45‑3
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-39
INDEX-L
allowance, dynamic, 74‑4 transverse, 41‑17 creep, 56‑4
and resistance factor design, 58‑5, 59‑8 volumetric, 30‑9 dry flue gas, 24‑17
and resistance factor design (ftn), 74‑3 weir, 26‑6, 29-8 during transport, 80‑9
and resistance factor rating method, Loadometer, 76‑18 electrical machine, 84‑18
bridge, 74‑4 Loads on buried pipe, 40‑9 entrance, culvert (tbl), 17‑21
block, 83‑10 Loan, 87‑41 factor, pulley, 41‑12
buckling, 53‑5, 61‑2 constant amount paid toward principal heat, 30‑18
-carrying wall, 54‑2 (fig), 87‑42 initial, G‑9
cell, 85‑13 direct reduction, 87‑43 local, 17‑13, A-64
chart, crane, 83‑11 direct reduction, balloon payment (fig), lump-sum, 56‑4
combination, 50‑3 87‑44 lump-sum, AASHTO, 56‑4
composite, 57‑3 direct reduction (fig), 87‑43 method, 24‑18
dead, 41‑5, G-6 repayment, 87‑4 minor, 17‑13, A-64
-deformation compatibility, 66‑4 repayment problem, 87‑4 prestress/pretension, 56‑3
distributed, 41‑5 simple interest, 87‑41 radiation, 24‑17
distributed, beam (fig), 41‑5 Local relaxation, 56‑4
distributed, moment, 41‑6 buckling, 44‑20, 59‑17, 61‑2, 61‑6 shrinkage, 56‑4
dominant, 46‑14 buckling (fig), 59‑17 time-dependent, 56‑4
duration factor (ftn), 59‑17 loss, 17‑13, A-64 Lost
-elongation curve, 43‑2 regulations, 82‑2 time, 73‑16
equivalency factor, 76‑18 road, 73‑3 time case rate, 83‑2
Euler, 61‑2 shear failure, 36‑3 work (ftn), 17‑5
factor, 40-10, 45‑2, 50‑3 Location workday rate, 83‑2
factor, bedding, 40‑10 effect on cost, 86‑7 Lot
factor, jacking force, 50‑4 landfill, 31‑4 parking, 73‑23
factor (haulage), 80‑1 parameter, 11‑8 parking, dimensions, 73‑24
factor design, 59‑8 stake (fig), 81‑5 Low
factor design method, 45‑2 water treatment plant, 26‑2 -alkali cement, 48‑2
factor rating method, bridge, 74‑4 Locomotive -cycle fatigue, 43‑10
factored, 50‑3 diesel-electric, 75‑5 excess-air burner, 34‑16
impact, 44‑8 resistance, 75‑5 -heat portland cement, 48‑2
inventory, 74‑3 tractive force, 75‑5 -lift loader, 76‑7
live, G‑10 Locus of points, 7‑2 -lift safety valve, 16‑15
live (ftn), 45‑2 Loess, G‑10 NOx burner, 34‑16
moving, 46‑14 Log -rate filter, 29‑9
noncomposite, 57‑3 injury (ftn), 83‑2 -strength material, controlled, 48‑8
operating, 74‑3 -linear form, 3‑13 -sulfur coal, 24‑5
overhung, 18‑12 mean, 11‑8 Lower
permit, 74‑3 -normal distribution, 11‑8 bound, 9‑4
posted, 74‑3 -normal distribution parameter values, confidence limit, 78‑2
posting, 74‑2 11‑8 heating value, 24‑15
proof, bolt, 45‑10, 45‑14 standard deviation, 11‑8 Lowest achievable emission rate, 34‑2
rating, bridge, 74‑2 strain, 43‑6 LPG, 24‑8
service, 45‑2, 50‑3 Logarithm, 3‑5 LRFD, 58‑5
shock, septage, 29‑3 common, 3‑5 LRFD (ftn), 74‑3
superposition, 41‑17 identity, 3‑6 Lubricant viscosity, A‑27
thermal, 47‑3 Napierian, 3‑6 Luffing jib, 83‑10
transfer, 77‑7 natural, 3‑6 Lump
transfer coefficient, 77‑7, 77‑10 Logarithmic growth phase, 27‑4 coal, 24‑5
transverse, truss, 41‑17 Logistic -sum fee, 88‑5
transverse truss member, 41‑17 equation, 27‑4 -sum loss, 56‑4
transverse truss member (fig), 41‑17 growth rate constant, 27‑4 -sum loss, AASHTO, 56‑4
truck, 76‑19 Log-spiral theory, 37‑3 Lyophilic, 14‑13
ultimate, 47‑2 Long Lyophobic, 14‑13
vector, 47‑11 column, 52‑1, 53‑1, 61‑4 Lysimeter, G‑10
Loaded tire radius, 75‑4 hydraulically, 19‑29 Lysosome, 27‑2
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INDEX-M
ber, 60‑4 -empirical design, 77‑11 deck system, 57‑4
specific gravity, 76‑9 -empirical method, 76‑17 filler, 66‑1
specific growth rate, 30‑7 method, 76‑17 heavy, 22‑3, 28-16
specific growth rate coefficient, 28‑7 Media heavy, in wastewater, 28‑16
stress, with and without shoring, 64‑2 factor, 29‑12 inert gas welding, 66‑2
theoretical combustion temperature, packing, 34‑21 light, 22‑3
24‑16 Median, 11‑12, G-11 mechanical properties, A‑129
total uniform load table, 59‑8 barrier, heavy vehicle, 75‑14 properties, A‑129
value, sinusoid, 84‑5 barrier, heavy vehicle (fig), 75‑14 total, in wastewater, 28‑16
velocity, open channel, 19‑28 lane, G‑11 transition, 22‑3
velocity in pipe, 17‑3 speed, 73‑5 transition (ftn), 22‑3
water-cement ratio (tbl), 77‑3 Medium weld, 66‑1
yield coefficient, 28‑7 cure, asphalt, 76‑2 Metalimnion, G‑11
MCL, 25‑5, 28-16 screen, wastewater, 29‑5 Metallic property, 22‑2
MCLG, 25‑5 Megagram, 1‑6 Metalloid, 22‑3
Mean, 11‑12, 34-9 Meinzer unit, 21‑3 Metamorphic rock, 35‑33, G-11
annual air temperature, 76‑17 Member Metathesis (ftn), 22‑7
arithmetic, 11‑12 axial, 41‑12 Meteoric water, G‑11
cell residence time, 30‑4, 30‑8 axial, force, 41‑12 Meter
depth, hydraulic (ftn), 19‑3 circular, 50‑22 constant, 17‑31
effective pressure, 85‑15 force, 41‑18 current, 17‑29
fourth moment of, 11‑14 pin-connected, axial, 41‑13 density-on-the-run, 76‑9
free path, air, 34‑9 redundant, 41‑8, 41‑14 displacement, 17‑28
free path length, gas, 34‑9 set, 11‑1 normal cubic, 24‑2
geometric, 11‑13 tension, staggered holes (fig), 60‑2 obstruction, 17‑28
harmonic, 11‑13 tension, uniform thickness, unstaggered orifice, 17‑32
number, M/M/s system (fig), 73‑31 holes (fig), 60‑2 orifice (fig), 17‑32
residence time, 29‑8, 32‑10 tension, unstaggered row of holes (fig), pressure (ftn), 14‑3
sea level, 78‑8 60‑2 torque, 85‑14
slip coefficient, 65‑3 tension (fig), 60‑1 turbine, 17‑29
speed, 73‑4, 73‑5 three-force, 41‑7 variable-area, 17‑28
speed, space, G‑15 two-force, 41‑7, 41‑13 venturi, 17‑31
standard error of, 11‑15 zero-force, 41‑14 venturi (fig), 17‑31
stress, 43‑10 zero-force (fig), 41‑14 Metering pump, 18‑4
third moment about, 11‑14 Membership interest, 88‑3 Methane
time before failure (ftn), 11‑9 Membrane gas, 30‑18
time to failure, 11‑9 cell, 27‑1 heating value, 30‑18
velocity, open channel, 19‑2 pumping, 27‑3 landfill, 31‑5
Meander corner, G‑10 reinforced, 31‑4 properties (tbl), 31‑6
Meandering stream, G‑10 semipermeable, 14‑11 series, 24‑1
Measure support, 40‑11 sludge, 30‑18
bank-, 80‑1 supported, 31‑4 Methanol, 24‑8
compacted-, 80‑1 synthetic, 31‑4 Methemoglobinemia, 25‑9
loose-, 80‑1 unreinforced, 31‑4 Method (see also type)
Measurement unsupported, 31‑4 60-degree, 40‑2
angle (fig), 78‑13 Meniscus, 14‑13 α-, 38‑3
areal, 1‑9 Mensuration, 7‑1, A-8 absolute volume, concrete, 77‑2
board foot, 1‑8 of area, A‑6 accelerated depreciation, 87‑23
crow’s foot, 81‑3 of volume, A‑10 allowable stress design, 45‑2, 50-3
distance, 78‑8, 78‑9 pile, 80‑2 angle measurement, 78‑12
elevation, 78‑9, 78‑10, 78‑12 three-dimensional, A‑10 annual cost, 87‑16
flow, 17‑28, 26‑4 two-dimensional, A‑8 annual return, 87‑16
ground stake, 81‑1 MEP, 85‑15 area transformation, 44‑21
guard stake, 81‑3 Mer, 26‑9 average cost, 87‑39
horizontal stadia (fig), 78‑9 Mercaptan compound, 27‑10 average end area, 80‑4
hub stake, 81‑1 Mercury, density (tbl), 14‑3 beta-, 38‑4
inclined stadia (fig), 78‑9 Merging taper, 73‑33 base exchange, 26‑18
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-43
INDEX-M
submerged, 19‑15 scale, 43‑14 of inertia, polar, 42‑6
Model, 17‑48 test, 43‑14 of inertia, principal, 42‑8
Bingham-plastic, 17‑13 Moiety, 23‑1 of inertia, transformed, 50‑15
Calvert, venturi scrubber, 34‑19 Moist of momentum, 72‑3
code, 82‑1 curing, 48‑5 one-way (ftn), 44‑8
distorted, 17‑48 density, 35‑8 overturning, dam, 15‑12
filter drag, 34‑6 Moisture resisting (ftn), 44‑8
live load, 74‑3 condition, antecedent (ftn), 20‑18 -resisting connection, 65‑8
M/M/1 single-server, 73‑29 content, 35‑7 -resisting connection, framing (fig),
M/M/s multi-server, 73‑30 content, optimum, 35‑18, 35‑20 65‑8
power-law, 17‑13 content, soil, 21‑2 righting, 15‑18
queuing, 73‑29 level, bed, 24‑3 second area, 42‑4
scale, 17‑48 mol, 22‑5 statical, 42‑3, 44‑11
Modeling Molality, 22‑11 strength, nominal, 50‑8
pedestrian impact, 75‑16 Molar ultimate plastic, 59‑13
stormwater, 20‑24 specific heat, 13‑4 Momentum, 17‑35, 72-3
vehicle accident, 75‑14 volume, 22‑5 angular, 17‑35, 72-3
watershed, 20‑24 Molarity, 22‑11 angular (fig), 72‑4
Modification factor, crash, 75‑17, 75‑18 Mole, 22‑5, G-11 conservation, 72‑3
Modified fraction, 14‑6, 22‑12, 24‑2 fluid, 17‑35
Accelerated Cost Recovery System, percent, 14‑6 flux (ftn), 17‑15
87‑22 Molecular law of conservation, 72‑3
Davis equation, 75‑5 formula, biomass, 27‑11 linear, 17‑35, 72-3
portland cement, 48‑2 weight, 22‑5, G-11 moment of, 72‑3
Proctor test, 35‑18 Molecule, 22‑2 Money, time value, 87‑5
rational method, 20‑21 hydrated, 22‑6 Monitor
Modifier spacing, 14‑2 steel, 45‑22
asphalt, 76‑6 Mollier diagram, steam, A‑97 well, 21‑5
asphalt (tbl), 76‑6 Mollusk, 27‑8 Monitoring
Modular ratio, 44‑21, 50‑15, 56‑4, 57‑3 Moment, 41‑2, 44‑8 landfill, 31‑9
Modulus, 3‑8 amplification factor, 53‑5, 62‑2 project, 86‑15
apparent, 43‑12 area method, 44‑15 well, 31‑9
bulk, 14‑15 arm, 41‑3 Monod’s equation, 28‑7
bulk, water, 14‑15 available, table, 59‑10 Monofill sludge, 30‑21
chord, masonry, 67‑5 available, versus unbraced length (fig), Monomial, 3‑2
creep, plastics, 43‑12 59‑3 Monomictic, G‑11
elastic, 43‑2 bending, 44‑12 Monte Carlo simulation, 20‑23
elasticity, shear, 43‑9 bending (ftn), 44‑8 Monte Carlo simulation (ftn), 87‑44
fineness, 48‑3 capacity, 50‑9 Montreal Protocol, 32‑6
initial, 48‑5 coefficient, 47‑20 Moody
of elasticity, 43‑2, 43‑4, 44‑2, 58‑2 component, 41‑4 friction factor chart, 17‑7
of elasticity, concrete, 48‑5, 77-7 couple, 41‑4 friction factor chart (fig), 17‑8
of elasticity, concrete (fig), 48‑6 coupling, 41‑4 Mortality, infant, 11‑9
of elasticity, grout, 67‑6 cracking, 50‑16, 56‑10, 56‑11 Mortar, 67‑5
of elasticity, reduction at high tem‑ critical section (fig), 55‑5 face shell, 68‑4
perature, steel (tbl), 43‑3 diagram, 44‑9, 59‑14 full, 68‑4
of elasticity, representative material at distributed load, 41‑6 masonry, 68‑3
room temperature (tbl), 43‑3 distribution, column strip (tbl), 51‑7 properties, 67‑5
of elasticity, secant concrete, 48‑5 distribution, exterior span (tbl), 51‑7 Most
of elasticity, steel, 17‑41, 48-9 distribution method, 47‑3, 47‑14 economical shape, 58‑6
of resilience, 43‑7 distribution worksheet, A‑149 efficient cross section, 19‑9
of rigidity, 43‑9 end, amplified, 53‑5 likely value, 78‑2
of rupture, 50‑16, 77-6 factored, slab beam, 51‑7 probable number index (MPN), 27‑9
of rupture, concrete, 48‑6 first area, 42‑3 Motion
of shear, 43‑9 fixed-end, 46‑7, A-140 about fixed point, 72‑2
of subgrade reaction, 35‑32, 76-21 flexural (ftn), 44‑8 angular, 71‑7
footing, overturning (fig), 36‑9 circular, 71‑7
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constrained, 72‑11 bearing capacity factor (tbl), 36‑4 skin friction, 38‑6
constrained (fig), 72‑12 coupling, 83‑8 temperature coefficient, 85‑5
dependent, 71‑12 distance, 83‑8 Negligence, 88‑6
general, 72‑2 frequency, 83‑8 comparative, 88‑6
general plane, 72‑2 horizontal, 83‑8 NEMA
impending, 72‑6 moment gradient, 59‑4 motor size, 84‑13
impending phase, 72‑6 vertical, 83‑8 motor size (tbl), 18‑11
laws of planetary, 72‑21 Municipal Nematode, 27‑8
linear, 71‑2 solid waste, 31‑1, 31‑2, 31‑10 Nephelometric turbidity unit, 25‑9
Newton’s first law, 26‑5, 72-4 solid waste landfill, 31‑2 Nest, piezometer, G‑13
Newton’s second law of, 72‑4 wastewater, 28‑2 Net
Newton’s third law of, 72‑5 water demand, 26‑24 air-to-cloth ratio, 34‑5
plane, 71‑13 Mushroom cap, 83‑7 allowable bearing pressure, 36‑2
plane of, 72‑2 Mussel, 27‑8 area, 60‑2, 60‑3
planetary (fig), 72‑22 zebra, 27‑8 area, critical, 60‑3
projectile, 71‑4 area, effective, 60‑3
relative, 71‑10 N bearing capacity, 36‑4
rigid body, 72‑2 N filtering area, 34‑5
rotational particle, 71‑7 -value, 35‑16, 36‑7 filtering velocity, 34‑5
unconstrained (fig), 72‑12 -value, correlation, 35‑17 flow, 20‑7, 21‑8
uniform, 71‑3 NAAQS, 32‑2 head, 18‑7
Motor, 84‑14, 84‑17, A-191 Nadir, 78‑19 heating value, 24‑15
electrical, 84‑12 Nailing, soil, 40‑11 horizontal pressure distribution, bulk‑
gear, 18‑12 Naked mixed bed unit, 22‑26 head (fig), 39‑5
INDEX-N
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INDEX-N
dioxide, 32‑10 Nonpathogenic, G‑11 peak discharge, 20‑21
fixation, G‑11 Nonphotosynthetic bacteria, 27‑6 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20‑11, 20‑12
in wastewater, 28‑15 Nonplastic soil, 35‑22 NRTL, 82‑3
ion, in water, 25‑9 Nonpoint source, G‑11 NTU, 25‑9, G-11
Kjeldahl, 28‑15 Nonpotable water, 27‑4 Nuclear
organic, 25‑9, 28-15 Nonquantifiable factor, 87‑3 gauge, 35‑22
oxide, 32‑10 Nonquantitative factor, 87‑3 gauge testing, 76‑10
-oxygen ratio, 24‑9 Nonrectangular channel, 19‑19 moisture/density gauge, 35‑22
total, 25‑9, 28-15 Nonreverse-flow check valve, 16‑13 sensing, 43‑13
Nitrogenous demand, 28‑10, G-11 Nonsequential drought method, 20‑22 Nucleon, 22‑2
Nitrous oxide (ftn), 32‑10 Nonsingular matrix, 4‑5 Nuisance flood, 20‑6
Noble gas, 22‑3 Nonstriping sight distance, G‑11 Null
No-boiler incinerator, 31‑10 Nonuniform flow, 19‑2, 19‑16 event, 11‑3
Node, 7‑2, 86-10, G-11 Nonvibration concrete, 48‑8 hypothesis, 11‑15, 75-12
dummy, 86‑13 Nonvolatile solids, 30‑4 -indicating bridge (ftn), 85‑10
transportation network, 75‑16 Nonweaving movement, 73‑26 indicator, 85‑10
Noise Nonwoven fabric, 40‑11 matrix, 4‑1
action level, OSHA, 83‑8 Normal point, 34‑11
dose, 83‑8 component, 71‑10 position, 85‑4
dose, permissible (fig), 83‑8 component, acceleration, 71‑8 region, 7‑3
exposure level (tbl), 83‑8 cubic meter, 24‑2 set, 11‑1
level limit, 83‑8 curve, area under standard (tbl), A‑14 Number
OSHA, 83‑8 depth, 19‑7, G-11 atomic, 22‑2, A-92, G-2
reduction ratio, 83‑8 depth, rectangular channel, 19‑7 Avogadro’s, 22‑5
Nomenclature distribution, 11‑6 Brinell hardness, 43‑14
photogrammetry (fig), 78‑19 force, 72‑6, 75‑6 cavitation, 18‑17
steel, 58‑1 force, on a dam, 15‑12 cetane, 24‑7
Nominal force (ftn), 72‑5 charge, 22‑4
concrete shear strength, 50‑22 form, 7‑5 complex, 3‑1, 3‑8
damages, 88‑8 hydrogen, 22‑2 curve, NRCS, 20‑17
dimension, pipe, 16‑11 line vector, 8‑7 curve, SCS, 20‑17
interaction diagram, 52‑6 portland cement, 48‑2 dimensionless (tbl), 1‑10
interest rate, 87‑29 -ratio method, 20‑3 direction, 7‑5
moment strength, 50‑8 slope, 19‑3 Eötvös, 17‑48
resistance, 74‑4 speed, 72‑9 Eötvös (tbl), 1‑10
shear strength, 50‑22 stress, 44‑2 Froude, 17‑50, 19‑19
shear strength, beam, 59‑5 temperature and pressure, 24‑2 imaginary, 3‑1
strength, 45‑2, 50‑4 vector, 7‑6 irrational, 3‑1
system voltage (ftn), 84‑5 view, 2‑1 Mach, 14‑16
value, 50‑4 Normality, 22‑12 motor octane, 24‑6
Nomograph, Hazen-Williams, A‑64 Normalized eccentricity, 52‑3 octane, 24‑6
Non Normally odor, G‑11
-Newtonian fluid, 14‑2 consolidated, 35‑25 odor threshold, 26‑16
-Newtonian viscosity, 17‑13 consolidated soil, 40-4 G‑11 of passes, effective, 29‑11
-SI units, 1‑8 consolidated clay, 40‑4 of transfer units, 34‑19
Nonattainment area, 32‑2 consolidated curve, 40‑4 oxidation, 22‑3, 22‑4, G-12
Nonbearing wall, 54‑1 Normalweight concrete, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8 oxidation (tbl), 22‑4
Noncarbonate North American Industry Classification performance, 24‑6
hardness, 22‑23, 25‑4 System (ftn), 83-2 period, 87‑9
hardness removal, 26‑17 Norwalk virus, 27‑7 random, A‑91
Noncatalytic reduction, selective, 34‑20 Notation, Newton’s, 8‑1 rational, 3‑1
Noncircular duct, 17‑10 Notch real, 3‑1
Nonclog pump, 18‑5 -brittle material (ftn), 43‑7 research octane, 24‑6
Noncohesive soil, 37‑2 factor, fatigue, 43‑11 Reynolds, 16‑8
Noncompact section, 61‑7 sensitivity, 43‑11 Reynolds, similarity, 17‑48
stress concentration, 44‑5 smoke spot, 24‑12, 32-16
toughness, 43‑15 stability, 39‑3, 40‑8
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INDEX-P
Ozone, 26‑22 catenary, 41‑20
Overcurrent protection device, 84‑9 atmospheric, 32‑5 impaction, 34‑19
Overdraft, 21‑6 depletion, 32‑5 location, 11‑8
Overdrive gear, 75‑4 pollutant, 32‑12 method, 86‑6
Overflow mixing opportunity, 26‑12
rate, 26‑6, 29-8 P scale, 11‑8
spillway, 19‑14 p sludge, 30‑4
Overhaul, 80‑8, G-12 -chart, 11‑17 speed, 73‑3
Overhead, 87‑37 -sequence, 3‑12 value, log-normal distribution, 11‑8
cost, 86‑7 -series, 3‑13 volume, traffic, 73‑5
general, 86‑7 -V work, 13‑4 Parameters
general plant, 87‑34 P consolidation (fig), 40‑6
project, 86‑7 -delta analysis, 47‑16 variation of, 10‑4
variance, 87‑38 -delta effect, 53‑2, 62‑1 Parametric
Overhung load, 18‑12 -system, 47‑4 equation, 3‑2
Overland P-waste, 32‑2 equation, derivative, 8‑3
flow, 20‑7, G-12 PAC, 29‑14 equation plane, 7‑7
flow (ftn), 20‑7 Pace, 73‑5 Parasite, aquatic, 27‑8
flow velocity, 20‑5 group, 73‑5 Parclos, 73‑25
roughness coefficient, Manning’s, 20‑4 interval, 73‑5 Parking, 73‑23
Overlay, thin, 77‑14 range, 73‑5 accessible (disabled), 73‑24
Overload Packed ADA accessible, 73‑24
driver, 75‑9 bed spray tower (fig), 34‑3 angle, 73‑23
factor, 45‑2 tower, 34‑3, 34‑21 diagonal, 73‑23
point, 18‑18 Packing double-alternate, 73‑23
Over-reinforced beam, 50‑6 height of, 34‑22 lot, 73‑23
Oversail (ftn), 83‑10 media, 34‑21 lot dimensions, 73‑24
Oversized hole, 65‑2 media, type (fig), 34‑21 lot layout (fig), 73‑24
Overturn, G‑12 Pad, 36‑10 parallel, 73‑23
Overturning Paddle stall, 73‑23
factor of safety, 15‑12 mixer, 26‑11 tandem, 73‑23
moment, dam, 15‑12 velocity, relative, 26‑11 Parkway, G‑12
moment, footing (fig), 36‑9 Paint, pipe, 16‑12 Parshall
Owner, 88‑4 Pan, G‑12 flume, 19‑15
Owners’ equity, 87‑35 coefficient, 20‑23 flume K-values (tbl), 19‑15
Ownership, 88‑1 evaporation, 20‑23 Part of line, 83‑10
Oxidant, 26‑9, 32-12 Panel, 41‑13 Partial
total residual, 29‑14 drop, 51‑5 cloverleaf interchange, 73‑25
Oxidation, 22‑8, 23‑4, G-12 shear, 46‑12 composite action, 64‑3
-reduction reaction, 22‑8 truss, 41‑13 differentiation, 8‑4
advanced, 34‑4 Panhandle formula, 17‑11 emission, forced vortex pump (ftn),
ditch, 30‑3 Pappus’ theorem, 9‑5 18‑14
industrial wastewater pollutant (tbl), Pappus-Guldinus theorems, 42‑3 fraction, 3‑6, 9‑3
34‑18 Parabola, 7‑10, 7-10 (fig) -penetration groove weld, 66‑2, 66‑9
number, 22‑3, 22‑4, G-12 formula, A‑8 pressure, 31‑6
number change method, 22‑8 Parabolic pressure fraction, 24‑2
pond, 29‑4 axis, 7‑10 pressure ratio, 24‑2
power, common oxidant (tbl), 34‑5 cable, 41‑18 prestressing, 56‑3
process, advanced, 26‑22 cable (fig), 41‑18 similarity, 17‑50
state, 22‑3 column formula, 45‑4 traverse (fig), 78‑17
tower, 29‑9 curve, 79‑5, 79‑12 treatment, G‑12
Oxide flare, 79‑5 Partially
nitrogen, 32‑10 taper, 79‑5 compensated foundation, 36‑10
sulfur, 32‑16 Paraboloid of revolutions, A‑10 filled circular pipes, A‑34, A‑84
Oxidizing agent, 22‑8 Paradox filled metal deck, 57‑4
Oxyacid, 22‑5 D’Alembert’s (ftn), 17‑3 grouted masonry, 68‑6
hydrostatic, 15‑4
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-49
INDEX-P
Personal
property (ftn), 87‑21 Piezometer, G‑13 network, 17‑26
protective equipment, 83‑7 nest, G‑13 parallel, 17‑22
Perspective ring (ftn), 15‑2 plastic, 28‑4
angular, 2‑3 tube, 15‑2 polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 16‑11, A‑43,
oblique, 2‑3 Piezometric A‑44
parallel, 2‑3 height, 21‑2 prestressed concrete, 16‑11
view, 2‑2, 2‑3 level, G‑13 prestressed concrete cylinder, 16‑11
Pesticide (see also Volatile organic com‑ Pilaster, 69‑2 PVC, dimensions, A‑43, A‑44
pound), 32‑13 Pile (see also type), 38‑1, 80‑2 reinforced concrete, 16‑11
chlorinated, 32‑13 batter, G‑3 riser, 21‑5
PFFS (percent of free-flow speed), 73‑13 bent, G‑13 sag, G‑14
PFR, 30‑7 bearing capacity, ultimate, 38‑2 section, 61‑1
pH, 22‑12, G-12 capacity, tensile, 38‑5 series, 17‑22
Phantom cash flow (ftn), 87‑4 composite, 38‑1 standard pressure classes, ductile iron,
Phase, 84‑11 conical (fig), 80‑6 A‑50
angle, 84‑5, 84‑7 friction, 38‑1 specific roughness, A‑55
current, 84‑12 group, 38‑5 specification, 16‑12
death, 27‑4 group efficiency, 38‑6 standard, 16‑12
declining growth, 27‑4 grouted, 38‑7 standard pressure classes, A‑49
equilibrium, 72‑6 length, effective, 38‑3 steel, 16‑12, A‑36, A‑40
exponential growth, 27‑4 needle, 38‑7 steel, modulus of elasticity, 17‑41
factor, 84‑8 pin, 38‑7 steel, dimensions, A‑36, A‑40
growth, organismal, 27‑3 point-bearing, 38‑1 stiffness, 16‑12
lag, 27‑3 resistance, 38‑2 system, multiloop, 17‑26
logarithmic growth, 27‑4 root, 38‑7 truss, 16‑11, 28-4
motion impending, 72‑6 safe bearing value, 38‑2 ultimate strength, 40‑10
signal, 73‑15, 73‑16 safe load, 38‑2 water (see also type), 26‑26
stationary, 27‑4 settlement, 38‑6 Pipelines, submerged, 15‑17
Phases, project scheduling, 86‑8 shape (fig), 80‑6 Piping
Phasor small-diameter grouted, 38‑7 geometry factor, 17‑15
form, 3‑8, 84-5 soldier, 39‑2, G-15 predicting limit, 21‑5
form, vector, 5‑2 tension, 38‑5 symbols, A‑51
Phenol (tbl), 23‑3 volume, 80‑2 Piston rotary pump (fig), 18‑3
Phenolphthalein alkalinity, 22‑23 wedge (fig), 80‑6 Pit
Philadelphia rod, 78‑10 Piling ash, 24‑3
Phosphorus sheet, 39‑4 borrow, 80‑4
ion, in water, 25‑8 sheet, section modulus, 39‑4 sheeted, G‑15
removal, in wastewater, 29‑3, 29‑13 Pilot vehicle, 74‑3 Pitch, 18‑5, 72--2
Photoautotroph, 27‑8 Pin circular blade, 18‑5
Photobase, 78‑20 -connected axial member, 41‑13 helix, 7‑13
Photocell, 85‑5 -connected plate, 60‑6 spacing, 60‑2
Photochemical pile, 38‑7 Pitot
reaction, 32‑12 Pinned support, 41‑7 -static gauge, 17‑30
smog, 32‑15 Pintle tie, 68‑18 -static gauge (fig), 17‑30
Photoconductive device (ftn), 85‑5 Pipe tube, 16‑5
Photoelectric effect, 85‑5 asbestos-cement, 28‑4 tube traverse, G‑13
Photoemissive device (ftn), 85‑5 bend, force on, 17‑39 tube-piezometer apparatus (fig), 16‑5
Photogenerative (ftn), 85‑5 bend (fig), 17‑39 Pitting, 22‑21
Photogrammetric black, 16‑11 Pivot point, bulkhead, 39‑5
image (fig), 78‑19 branch, 17‑22 PJP weld, 66‑2, 66‑9
survey, 78‑6 buried, loads on, 40‑9 Placement, paving equipment, 76‑7
Photogrammetry, 78‑19 cast-iron, 28‑4, A-49 Placing, concrete, 49‑5
displacement method, 78‑20 cast-iron dimensions, A‑49 Plain
nomenclature (fig), 78‑19 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), jointed concrete pavement, 77‑2
parallax measurement, 78‑20 A‑43 masonry, 68‑1
Photosensitive conductor, 85‑5 circular, A‑34
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I-50 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-51
INDEX-P
Pop action, 16‑15 electrical, 84‑3, 84‑6, 84‑7 at a depth, 1‑3
Population, 11‑3 factor, 18‑11, 84‑8, 84‑10 at a depth (ftn), 15‑7
equivalent, 28‑3 friction, 18‑9 at point (fig), 40‑2
growth, 3‑12 hydraulic, 18‑8 atmospheric, 14‑3
standard deviation, 11‑13 law, 1/7, 16‑9 average, 15‑7
Pore -law model, 17‑13 barometric, 14‑3
-squeeze liquid, 31‑7 law, viscosity, 17‑13 center of, 15‑5, 15‑9, 15‑10, 41-5
pressure, 35‑14, 37‑10, 38‑4, 40‑5 line hazard, 83‑7 classes, ductile iron pipe, A‑50
space, percent, 35‑8 line, safety, 83‑7 classes, iron pipe, A‑49
velocity, 21‑4 number, 26‑12 collapsing (ftn), 45‑5
water pressure, 35‑14 of the test, 11‑15 conduit, 16‑6
Porosity, 21‑2, 35-7, G-13 phase, 84‑12 conversion, SI, A‑5
effective, 21‑2 propulsion, 75‑3 dead load, 40‑9
Porous filter, 21‑5 pump, 18‑2, 18‑8 differential, 14‑3
Portland pumping, well, 21‑8 drag, 17‑43, 17‑44
cement, 48‑1 series, 8‑9 -drop, endpoint, 22‑24
cement concrete, 48‑1 ton of explosive, 1‑7 drop, friction (ftn), 17‑5
cement concrete pavement, 77‑1 turbine, 17‑38, 18‑24 drop, steel pipe, A‑62
cement, high-early strength, 48‑2 unit stream, G‑17 drop, water, steel pipe, A‑62
cement, low-heat, 48‑2 water, 18‑8 earth, 37‑2
cement, modified, 48‑2 Powerhouse, 18‑26 earth, active, 37‑2, 37‑3
cement, normal, 48‑1 Pozzolanic earth, passive, 37‑2
cement, sulfate-resistant, 48‑2 activity, 77‑13 effective, 37‑10, 40‑5
cement, type, 48‑1 additive, 48‑2 energy, 16‑2
cement, type I, 48‑1 ppb, 22‑12 external, 15‑14
cement, type II, 48‑2 PPCC, 48‑8 filter, 26‑15
cement, type III, 48‑2 ppm, 22‑12 filtration, 30‑19
cement, type IV, 48‑2 Practical scaling index, 26‑20 flow, 16‑6
cement, type V, 48‑2 Prandtl number (tbl), 1‑10 fluid, 14‑2
Position Prandtl’s boundary layer theory, 17‑47 from applied load, 40‑2
absolute, 71‑10 Precast concrete deck slab, girder, 51‑9 from concrete, 49‑8
angular, 71‑7 Precedence table, 86‑10 from gas, 15‑13
dilution of, 78‑6 Prechlorination, 26‑3, G-13 gage, 14‑3, 15‑2
relative, 71‑10 Precipitation, 20‑2, 22‑11 gauge, Bourdon, 15‑2
surveying, 78‑7 average, 20‑2 head, 18‑6
vector, 41‑3 chemical, G‑4 hydrostatic, 15‑4, 37-10
Positioning phosphorus, 29‑13 lateral, concrete, 49‑8
differential, 78‑6 probable maximum, 20‑7 mean effective, 85‑15
relative, 78‑6 rate, 34‑9 measurement, 15‑2
Positive softening, 22‑23, 26‑16, 26‑18 -measuring devices, 15‑2
displacement pump, 18‑2 Precipitator, electrostatic, 34‑8 meter (ftn), 14‑3
displacement pump, reciprocating, 18‑2 Precise multiple liquid, 15‑13
element, 85‑7 estimate, 85‑2 neutral, 21‑9
guidance, 75‑11 level, 78‑10 on a dam, 15‑12
guidance technique, 75‑10 rod, 78‑10 on buried pipe, 40‑9
temperature coefficient, 85‑5 Precision, 85‑2 on curved surface, 15‑10
Post experiment, 11‑12 on plane surface, 15‑6, 15‑7, 15‑9
-chlorination, G‑13 ratio of, probable, 78‑2 osmotic, 14‑11
-tensioned concrete, 56‑2 Preconsolidated partial, 31‑6
-tensioned construction, 56‑2 curve, 40‑4 passive, G‑12
end, 41‑13 segment, 40‑4 pipe, buried, 40‑9
Posted load, 74‑3 Preconsolidation pressure, 35‑25 pore, 35‑14, 37‑10, 38‑4, 40‑5
Posting, load, 74‑2 Precursor, 25‑10 preconsolidation, 35‑25
Potable, G‑13 disinfection by-product, 25‑11 pump surge, 49‑8
smog, 32‑15 regulator, 26‑27
Predicted average crash frequency, 75‑18 relief device, 16‑15
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I-52 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
tendon, 56‑3
Prestressed success, 11‑3 services, cost, 86‑5
beam, analysis, 56‑11 theory, 11‑3 Profile
beam deflection, 56‑5 Probable auxiliary view, 2‑2
concrete, 56‑2 error, 78‑2 depth, 19‑23
concrete cylinder pipe, 16‑11 error of the mean, 78‑2 diagram, 80‑7
concrete pavement, 77‑2 maximum flood, 20‑7 drag, 17‑43
concrete pipe, 16‑11 maximum precipitation, 20‑7 velocity, 16‑9
section, shear, 56‑11 maximum rainfall, G‑13 Profiling, 76‑29
Prestressing ratio of precision, 78‑2 Profit, 87‑39
effect on simple beam (fig), 56‑2 value, 78‑2 and loss statement, 87‑35
fully, 56‑3 Probe and loss statement, simplified (fig),
midspan deflections from (fig), 56‑5 direction-sensing, 17‑29 87‑36
partial, 56‑3 static pressure, 17‑28 flow through, 88‑2
steel ratio, 56‑10 Problem gross, 87‑39
tendon, ASTM (tbl), 56‑6 initial value, 10‑1 margin, 87‑37
tendon, stress, 56‑7 loan repayment, 87‑4 margin ratio, 87‑37
Presumptive test, G‑13 mixing, 10‑9 net, 87‑39
Pretension rate of return, 87‑4 project, 86‑7
bolt, 65‑4 three-reservoir, 17‑24 Program evaluation and review technique,
loss, creep, 56‑4 Procedure 86‑14
loss, shrinkage, 56‑3 diagnosis, transportation network, Programming, 86‑8
Pretensioned 75‑19 Progressive method, landfill, 31‑2
concrete, 56‑1, 56‑2 Johnson, 45‑4 Project
connection, 65‑2 Marshall mix test, 76‑12 coordination, 86‑15
construction, 56‑2 Process documentation, 86‑16
Pretensioning, DTI washer, 58‑4 absorption, 34‑2 management, 86‑1
Pretreatment, 26‑3 anabolic, 27‑9 monitoring, 86‑15
Prevention, pollution, 32‑1 base exchange, 22‑23 overhead, 86‑7
Prewash, air, 26‑14 bioactivation, G‑3 scheduling, 86‑8
Price-earnings ratio, 87‑37 biofilm, 26‑15 transportation, 75‑16
Pricing, congestion, 73‑29 biosorption, G‑3 Projected bearing area, 60‑6
Primacy, 75‑11 catabolic, 27‑9 Projectile, 71‑4
Primary control, statistical, 11‑17 motion, 71‑4
combustion chamber, 34‑13 cost accounting, 87‑37 motion equations (tbl), 71‑5
consolidation, 40‑4, 40‑5 curing, 49‑6 Projection, 2‑3
consolidation rate, 40‑5 economic analysis, 75‑20 cabinet, 2‑3
creep, 43‑17 efficiency, BOD, 30‑6 cavalier, 2‑3
dimension, 1‑8 group, 86‑1 clinographic, 2‑3
structure, 47‑7 ion exchange, 22‑23, 26‑18 factor, growth, 76‑18
treatment, 29‑3 Krause, G‑10 fee, 86‑2
unit, 1‑8 lime-soda ash, 26‑16 method, 87‑10
Prime nitrification/denitrification, 29‑13 Projector, 2‑1
coat, G‑13 reacted asphalt, 76‑30 Prokaryote, 27‑1
contractor, 88‑5 rubberized asphalt, 76‑30 Prompt-NOx, 32‑10
cost, 86‑9, 87‑34 SAW, 66‑2 Prony brake, 85‑14
mover (ftn), 18‑10 SMAW, 66‑1 Proof
Primer, red, 16‑12 unit, G‑17 alcohol, 24‑8
Principal waste, 32‑2 load, bolt, 45‑10, 45‑14
axis, 42‑8, 59‑15, 70-2 zeolite, 22‑23, 26‑18 strength, 45‑10, 45‑14
contract, 88‑3 Processing stress (ftn), 43‑4
moment of inertia, 42‑8 attention and information, 75‑9 test, 11‑9
organic hazardous constituent, 34‑13 joint, 28‑2 test interval, 11‑9
point, 78‑20 Prochloraz, 32‑13 Proper
point, photograph, 78‑19 Proctor test, 35‑18, 35‑19 polynomial fraction (ftn), 3‑6
stress, 44‑5 subset, 11‑1
view, 2‑2
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-53
INDEX-R
metallic, 22‑2 characteristic curve (ftn), 18‑18 Pythagorean theorem, 6‑2
metals, A‑129 curve, 18‑17
personal (ftn), 87‑21 cylinder-operated, 18‑2 Q
real (ftn), 87‑21 diaphragm, 18‑4 q
residential (ftn), 87‑21 direct-acting, 18‑3 -curve, G‑13
solution, 22‑11 double-acting, 18‑2 -system, 35‑33
steel, 58‑2 double-suction, 18‑5 Q
structural aluminum, A‑128 duplex, 18‑3 -system, 47‑4
structural magnesium, A‑128 dynamically similar, 18‑21 -test, 35‑28
structural steel, A‑128 efficiency, 18‑9 Quad (unit), 13‑2
tangible personal (ftn), 87‑21 efficiency versus specific speed (fig), Quadrant, 6‑3
water, A‑18, A‑19 18‑10 sign of function, 6‑3
weld groups, A‑139 ejector, 18‑2 Quadratic
Propiconazole, 32‑13 head added, 17‑16 equation, 3‑4, 7‑9
Proportional homologous, 18‑14 velocity-dependent force, 72‑20
region, 43‑2 jet, 18‑2 Qualified
strain, 43‑2 kinetic, 18‑2 individual, ADA, 82‑9
weir, 19‑15 mixed-flow (ftn), 18‑4 person, OSHA, 83‑11
Proportionality multiple-stage, 18‑5 Quality
limit, 43‑2 nonclog, 18‑5 break-even (fig), 87‑39
principle of, 47‑2 operating in parallel (fig), 18‑19 factor, joint, 16‑11
Proportions operating in series (fig), 18‑20 of boiler feedwater, 22‑25
arbitrary, method, 49‑2 overall efficiency, 18‑10 Quantitative predictive analysis, 75‑2
law of definite, 22‑3 PD, 18‑2 Quantity
law of multiple, 22‑4 performance curve (fig), 18‑17 economic order, 87‑45
Propped cantilever beam, 46‑2 piston rotary (fig), 18‑3 ideal, 24‑10
Proprietorship plunger, 18‑3 sludge, wastewater, 30‑14
single, 88‑1 positive displacement, 18‑2 sludge, water treatment, 26‑13
sole, 88‑1 power, 18‑8 stoichiometric, 24‑10
Propulsion power, sludge, 18‑5 wastewater, 28‑1, 28‑2
jet, 17‑36 power factor, sludge, 18‑5 Quarter
power, 75‑3 power versus specific gravity, 18‑5 -bridge, 85‑12
Protection reciprocating action, 18‑2 -wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8
cathodic, 48‑11 reciprocating positive displacement, Quartile, 11‑12
fall, 83‑7, 83‑9 18‑2 Quartz, 35‑33
head, 83‑7 rotary action, 18‑2 -crystal transducer, 15‑2
hearing, 83‑8 sewage, 18‑5 Quenched and tempered alloy steel, 58‑2
impact, 83‑7 shaft loading, 18‑12 Queue, 73‑29
scour, 19‑14 similarity, 18‑21 Queuing
Protein, 28‑15 simplex, 18‑3 delay, 73‑15
Protista, 27‑4 single-acting, 18‑2 model, 73‑29
Protium, G‑13 single-suction, 18‑5 theory, 73‑29
Prototype, 17‑48 sludge, 18‑5 Quick
Protozoa, 27‑8, G-13 steam, 18‑3 mixer, 26‑11
flagellated, 27‑8 surge pressure, 49‑8 ratio, 87‑37
Proximate analysis, 24‑2 triplex, 18‑3 test, 35‑28
PRT time, 75‑7 velocity ratio, 18‑3 Quicklime, 26‑9
Prying action, 65‑7, 66‑8 wastewater, 18‑5, 29-4 Quicksand, 36‑2
Pseudocomponent, 14‑17 Pumped storage, 26‑26 Quiet sedimentation basin, 26‑7
Pseudocomponent (ftn), 14‑17 Pumping Quotient, respiratory, 27‑12
Pseudokinematic GPS surveying, 78‑7 hydrocarbon, 18‑22
Pseudoplastic fluid, 14‑7 membrane, 27‑3 R
psid (unit), 14‑3 other liquid, 18‑22 R-test, 35‑28
Psychrophile (tbl), 27‑6 pavement, 76‑5 R
PTSF (see Percent time following), 73‑13 power, well, 21‑8 -control chart, 11‑17
Public power multiplicative factor (tbl), 18‑6 -value, 35‑32
corporation, 88‑2 -value, soil, 76‑21
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I-54 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
Race, tail, 18‑26, G-16 Rankine earth pressure theory, 37‑2, 37‑5 superelevation, 72‑9, 79‑7
Rack, 29‑5 Ranking superelevation runoff, 79‑9
trash, 29‑5 alternative, 87‑17 surface loading, 29‑8
Rad, G‑13 simple, 75‑18 total incidence, 83‑2
Rad (ftn), 6‑1 Raoult’s law, 14‑17 transition, 79‑9
Radial Rap rip, G‑14 weir loading, 29‑8
component, 71‑10 Rapid Rated
displacement method (fig), 78‑20 cure, asphalt, 76‑2 point, pump, 18‑18
-flow impeller, 18‑4, 26‑12 flow, 19‑17, G-13 value, motor, 84‑14
-flow reaction turbine, 18‑25 mixer, 26‑11 Rating
-flow turbine, 18‑24, 18‑25 sand filter, 26‑14, 29-13 curve, G‑13
interference, 45‑7 static mode, 78‑7 factor, bridge, 74‑2
strain, 45‑7 Rapper, 34‑8 level, operating, bridge, 74‑3
stress, 35‑27 Rare earth, 22‑3 level, permit, bridge, 74‑3
velocity, 71‑10 Raster image, 78‑7 level, superload, bridge, 74‑3
Radian, 6‑1 Rate load, bridge, 74‑2
hyperbolic, 6‑5 15 min passenger car equivalent flow, load and resistance factor, method,
Radiation 73-11 bridge, 74‑4
absorbed dose (ftn), 6‑1 accident, 75‑11, 83-2 load factor, bridge, 74‑4
loss, 24‑17 arithmetic growth, 3‑12 SK, 29‑9
ultraviolet, 26‑22 average annual growth, 3‑12 system rock mass, 35‑33
Radical, 22‑3, G-13 braking, 75‑7 tonnage, railroad, 75‑5
Radioactive decay, 10‑10 burning, 31‑10 waviness spacing, 2‑4
Radiographic inspection, 82‑4 constant, BOD removal, 29‑5 waviness width, 2‑4
INDEX-R
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INDEX-R
Rattler test, Los Angeles, 76‑4 turnover, 87‑37 Redundancy, 75‑11
Raveling pavement, 76‑6 Recessed plate filter press, 30‑19 bridge, 74‑5
Raw material, 87‑34 Recession curve, 20‑7 degree of, 46‑1
Ray (ftn), 6‑1 Recharge rate, 31‑7 reliability, 11‑10
RCP, 28‑4 Reciprocating Redundant
RDF, 31‑10 action pump, 18‑2 forces, 47‑7
Reach, 19‑2, G-13 positive displacement pump, 18‑2 member, 41‑8, 41‑14
Reactance, 84‑5 Reciprocity, 90‑2 system, 11‑10
capacitive, 84‑6 Recirculation, 29‑9 view, 2‑2
Reactant, 22‑7 flue gas, 34‑10 Reeving, 83‑10
limiting, 22‑9 rate, 30‑11 Reference
Reacted asphalt process, 76‑30 ratio, 29‑10 duration, 83‑8
Reaction, 41‑7 Reclamation, 29‑14 inertial frame of, 71‑10
biologic, 27‑11 Recommended point stake, 81‑1
chemical, 22‑7 Standards for Sewage Works (ftn), point stake, measurement, 81‑1
combustion, 24‑10 A‑118 temperature, 85‑6
combustion, ideal (tbl), 24‑9 weight limit, 83‑7 Reflection cracking, 76‑6
determinate, 41‑9 Recompression Reflex angle, 6‑1
dynamic (ftn), 72‑6 curve, 40‑4 Reformulated gasoline, 24‑7
endothermic, 22‑19 index, 40‑4 Refraction
enthalpy of, 22‑19 ratio, 40‑5 atmospheric, 78‑10
exothermic, 22‑19 segment, 40‑4 effect (fig), 78‑10
kinetics, 22‑14, 22‑15 Reconsolidation index, 35‑26 Refractory, G‑13
order, 22‑14 Recordable incident, OSHA, 83‑2 ash, 24‑3
oxidation-reduction, 22‑8 Recorder automatic traffic, 73‑6 metal, A‑129
rate, 22‑14 Recovery, 43‑2 organic, 28‑6
rate, zero order, 22‑14 closed-loop, 34‑4 solid, 28‑6
rate constant, 22‑14, 22‑15, 34-7 depreciation, 87‑26 substance, 29‑3
redox, 22‑8, G-18 leachate, 31‑8 Refrigeration, ton, 1‑7
reversible, 22‑13 method, capital, 87‑16 Refuse, 24‑4
sequencing batch, 30‑3 open-loop, 34‑4 -derived fuel, 24‑4, 31-10
speed, 22‑14 solvent, 34‑4 -derived fuel (tbl), 31‑10
stoichiometric, 22‑9 Recreation vehicle, 73‑8 Refutas equation, 14‑17
turbine, 18‑23, 18‑25 Rectangular Regenerating solution, 22‑24, 26‑19
two-dimensional, 41‑9 channel, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑19 Regeneration, 22‑24
velocity, 22‑14 channel, normal depth, 19‑7 ion exchange, 26‑19
Reactive coordinate system, 7‑3 Regime
power, 84‑7 form, 3‑8 flow, G‑7
substance, 32‑2 form, vector, 5‑2 subsonic flow (ftn), 14‑16
Reactivity, alkali-aggregate, 48‑2 hyperbola, 7‑12 Region
Reactor, 30‑7 moment of inertia, 42‑4 elastic, 43‑2, 48‑9
biological, rotating, 29‑12 pyramid (fig), 80‑6 null, 7‑3
continuous-flow stirred tank, 30‑7 rosette, 85‑13 plastic, 48‑9
tank, 34‑7 Surveying System, 78‑21 proportional, 43‑2
volume, 30‑8 tubing, 61‑1 Steel, 20‑5
Readily achievable, 82‑10 weir, submerged, 19‑12 Steel, rainfall, 20‑5
Reading Rectified sinusoid, 84‑5 strain-hardening, 48‑9
rod, 81‑4 Rectilinear system, 71‑2 transition, 16‑8
stadia, 78‑8 Rectum, latus, 7‑10, 7‑11 void, 7‑3
Reaeration, 28‑8 Recurrence interval frequency, 20‑5 Registered engineer, 90‑1
Real Recycle Registration, 90‑1
fluid, 14‑2 rate, sludge, 30‑11 Regression
losses, 84‑18 ratio, 30‑11 linear, 11‑17
machine, 13‑7 Recycled nonlinear curve, 11‑18
number, irrational, 3‑1 asphalt pavement, 76‑3, 76‑6, 76‑29 Regula falsi method (ftn), 12‑2
number, rational, 3‑1 pavement, PCC, 77‑13
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-57
INDEX-R
Revenue, 87‑35 frontage, G‑8 hoisting, extra flexible, 45‑22
Reverse local, 73‑3 standard hoisting, 83‑10
-bias (ftn), 85‑5 message cue, 75‑10 structural, 45‑23
osmosis, 26‑23 mix, G‑14 transmission, 45‑22
Reversed effective force (ftn), 72‑6 safety feature, 75‑13 wire, 45‑22, 45‑23, 45‑24
Reversible Test, AASHO, 77‑6 Rosette strain gauge, 85‑9
reaction, 22‑13, 22‑15 user cost, 73‑28 Rotameter, 17‑28
reaction kinetics, 22‑15 Roadbed, G‑14 Rotary
Revolution soil resilient modulus chart (fig), 76‑23 action pump, 18‑2, 18‑3
surface of, 9‑5 Roadside safety railing, 75‑14 bridge, 73‑25
surface of (fig), 42‑3 Roadway, 75‑16 pump, slip (fig), 18‑4
volume of, 9‑5, 9‑6 banking, 72‑8 Rotating
volume of (fig), 42‑3 functional classification (tbl), 73‑3 beam test (fig), 43‑10
Reynolds network element, 75‑16 biological contactor, 29‑12
number, 16‑8 network warrant, signalization, 73‑20 biological contactor, characteristics,
number, critical, 16‑8 or environmental factor, 75‑9 29‑12
number factor, 17‑15 segment (see also Segment), 75‑10 biological reactor, 29‑12
number mixing, 26‑12 urban, 73‑3 machine, electrical, 84‑12
number, similarity, 17‑48 Rock, 35‑2 Rotation, 44‑20, 71-7
number (tbl), 1‑10 bearing capacity, 36‑8 axis of, 72‑2
Rheogram, 14‑7 excavation, 80‑2 center of, 66‑8
Rheopectic fluid, 14‑8 igneous, 35‑32 fixed axis, 72‑2
Rheostat, 84‑2 mass rating system, 35‑33 method, instantaneous center of, 65‑6
Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 27‑2 metamorphic, 35‑33 of axis, 42‑8
Right quality designation, 35‑33 of fluid mass, 15‑21
angle, 6‑1 salt, 35‑33 pipe bundle, 34‑17
circular cone, formula, A‑10 type, 35‑32 pipe bundle (fig), 34‑17
circular cylinder, A‑10 Rocket, 72‑20 point of, 79‑9
distributive law, 4‑4 Rockwell point of, bulkhead, 39‑5
-hand rule, 5‑4, 41-3 A scale, 43‑14 Rotational
-hand rule (fig), 41‑3 B scale, 43‑14 particle motion, 71‑7
of access, G‑14 C scale, 43‑14 symmetry, 7‑4
triangle, 6‑2 hardness test, 43‑14 Rotavirus, 27‑7
Righting moment, 15‑18 Rod Rotex gear, 83‑10
Rigid grade, 81‑4 Rotifer, 27‑8
body, 71‑1, 72‑10 grade (fig), 81‑5 Rotor
body motion, 72‑2 ground, 81‑4 concentrator, 34‑4
diaphragm, 68‑14 ground (fig), 81‑5 motor, 84‑15
framing connection, 65‑7 leveling, 78‑10 Roughing filter, 29‑9
pavement, 77‑1, G-14 person, 81‑4 Roughness
pavement design, 77‑5 Philadelphia, 78‑10 coefficient, 17‑9, A-82
pavement, equivalency factor, A‑185, precise, 78‑10 coefficient, Manning, 19‑4, A-82
A‑186, A‑187 reading, 81‑4 coefficient, overland, 20‑4
pavement nomograph, AASHTO (fig), reading for grade, 81‑4 coefficient, retardance, 20‑4
77‑9 slider, 71‑14 height, 2‑4
truss, 41‑13 standard, 78‑10 height index, 2‑4
Rigidity, 44‑3 tie, 39‑5 relative, 17‑5
flexural, 44‑3 waving the, G‑17 sampling length, 2‑4
modulus, 43‑9 Roentgen, G‑14 specific, 17‑5, A-55
Ring Rohsenow equation, 14‑12 specific (tbl), 17‑5
benzene (tbl), 23‑1 Roll, 72‑2 weight, 2‑4
double, infiltration test, 21‑10 Roll (verb) (ftn), 15‑18 width, 2‑4
permutation, 11‑2 Rollcrete, 48‑8 width cutoff, 2‑4
piezometer (ftn), 15‑2 Roller Rough-pipe flow, 17‑5
redistribution, 34‑21 -compacted concrete, 48‑8, 76-30 Round beam, 50‑1
slip (ftn), 85‑9 grid, 35‑18
stiffness, 16‑12 pavement (see also type), 76‑9
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-59
INDEX-S
SDG sewer, 28‑4 design, 86‑8
Seal, 34‑16 Seepage Sequentiality, 75‑11
coat, G‑14 flow net, 21‑9 Sequestering agent (ftn), 26‑21
double, 34‑16 velocity, 21‑4 Serial
mechanical, 34‑16 Segment reliability, 11‑10
single, 34‑16 asymmetrical, cable (fig), 41‑21 system, 11‑10
tandem, 34‑16 crash factor, 75‑10 Series, 3‑13
Sealer, penetrating, 77‑13 length, weaving, 73‑27 arithmetic, 3‑13
Sealing surface, 77‑13 major weave, 73‑28 circuit, electrical, 84‑3
Seamless steel boiler tubing, dimensions, normally consolidated, 40‑4 expansion, 8‑8
A‑54 one-sided weaving, 73‑28 finite, 3‑13
Search, visual, 75‑10 roadway, 75‑16 Fourier, 9‑7
Seasonal variation, 38‑3 two-sided weaving, 73‑28 galvanic, 22‑20
Secant Segmental construction, bridge, 56‑6 galvanic (tbl), 22‑20
bulk modulus, 14‑15 Segregation, concrete, 49‑5 geometric, 3‑13
formula, 45‑5 Seiche harmonic, 3‑13
hyperbolic, 6‑5 external, G‑14 hydrocarbon, 24‑2
method (ftn), 12‑2 internal, G‑14 infinite, 3-13, 87‑7
modulus, 43‑4 Seismic Maclaurin, 8‑9
modulus of elasticity, concrete, 48‑5, design category, 69‑3 methane, 24‑1
48‑6 design category, masonry, 68‑3, 68‑14 naphthalene, 24‑2
Second load, 50‑21 of alternating sign, 3‑14
area moment, 42‑4 response modification factor, masonry, olefin, 24‑2
derivative, 8‑1 68‑3, 68‑13, 68‑15 paraffin, 24‑1
law of cosines, 6‑7 Selective perpetual, 87‑7
moment of a function, 9‑7 catalytic reduction, 32‑10, 34‑19 pipe, 17‑22
moment of the area, 42‑4 leaching, 22‑21 power, 8‑9
-order analysis, 47‑16 noncatalytic reduction, 34‑20 pumps in, 18‑20
-order analysis, linear, 47‑2 Selenide, cadmium, 85‑5 spring, 45‑22
-order analysis, nonlinear, 53‑2 Self Taylor’s, 8‑8, 8‑9
-order differential equation, 10‑1 -cleansing pipe (ftn), 20‑3 Server queue, 73‑29
-order effect, 62‑1, 62‑2 -cleansing velocity, 19‑2, 28‑4 Service
-order homogeneous, 10‑3 -cleansing velocity (ftn), 20‑3 factor, 84‑14
-order linear, 10‑3 -compactible concrete, 48‑8 factor, motor, 18‑11
stage demand, G‑14 -consolidating concrete, 48‑8 factor (ftn), 72‑7
Secondary -placing concrete, 48‑8 flow rate, 73‑5, 73‑6, 73‑11
clarifier, 29‑13 -purification, 28‑11 level of, 73‑3, 73‑8, 73‑22
combustion chamber, 34‑13 -purification constant, 28‑12 life, 87‑21
compression index, 40‑6 Selling expense, 87‑34 limit state, 56‑6
consolidation, 40‑4, 40‑6 Semi limit state (ftn), 74‑4
consolidation, coefficient of, 40‑6 -dry scrubbing, 34‑18 load, 45‑2, 50‑3
creep, 43‑17 -gravity wall, 37‑1 pressure, 26‑26
treatment, 29‑3 -precise level, 78‑10 time, 73‑29
Section (see also type), 2‑4, 78‑21 -rigid framing connection, 65‑7 Serviceability, 59‑5
base critical plate, 61‑11 -variable cost, 87‑33 beam, 50‑14
built-up, 63‑1 Semimajor distance, 7‑11 cracking, 50‑14
compact, 59‑3, 61‑7 Semiminor distance, 7‑11 deflection, 50‑16
compression-controlled, 50‑5 Semipermeable membrane, 14‑11 index, initial, 76‑21
conic, 7‑9 Sending unit (ftn), 85‑4 index, terminal, 76‑18, 76‑21
cross, 80‑2 Sense, 5‑1 limit states, 58‑5
cross (ftn), 2‑4 Sensitivity, 11‑12, 85‑2, G‑14 Set, 11‑1
dangerous, 44‑12 analysis, 87‑45 accelerator, 48‑3
drawing, 2‑3 clay, 35‑30 associative law, 11‑2
factor, 19‑3 contrast, 75‑10 commutative law, 11‑2
hollow structural, 58‑3 factor, strain, 85‑9 complement, 11‑1
modulus, 42‑7, 44‑12, 59‑4 fatigue notch, 43‑11 complement law, 11‑1, 11‑2
modulus, elastic, 59‑4 de Morgan’s law, 11‑2
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I-60 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-61
INDEX-S
result, highly, 11‑15
Silica fume, 48‑2 condition, transportation, 75‑16 Slider
Siliceous-gel zeolite, 22‑23 development cost, 86‑5 rod, 71‑14
Silt fence, 80‑12 dewatering, 80‑12 rod assembly, 71‑14
Silver point (ftn), 85‑6 transportation network, 75‑16 Sliding, 72‑11
Silviculture, 30‑21 visit, 86‑3 factor of safety, 15‑12
Similar triangle, 6‑2 Siting plate viscometer test, 14‑7
Similarity, 17‑48 landfill, 31‑4 vector (ftn), 5‑1
dynamic, 17‑48 wastewater treatment plant, 29‑3 window method, 75‑18
geometric, 17‑48 Six Slip, 18‑11
law, pump, 18‑21 nines rule, 34‑13 ammonia (ftn), 34‑20
mechanical, 17‑48 -sack mix, 49‑2 base, pole, 75‑14
partial, 17‑50 Size coefficient, 65‑3
Simple cut, 34‑8 -critical connection, 65‑3
framing connection, 65‑7 distribution, particle, 35‑2 electrical, 84‑15
framing connection (fig), 65‑7 dust, convention, 32‑7 factor, Cunningham, 34‑9
interest, 87‑12, 87‑41 effective grain, 35‑2 -form construction, 77‑2
interest loan, 87‑41 effective throat, 45‑15 forming, 49‑7
pipe culvert (fig), 17‑21 factor, 55‑5 pump, 18‑3
ranking method, 75‑18 motor, 18‑11 resistance, 65‑3
support, 41‑7 sieve, 35‑3 ring (ftn), 85‑9
Simplex pump, 18‑3 weld, 66‑3 Sliplining, 40‑11
Simplified curve formula, 79‑7 SK rating, 29‑9 Slipping, 72‑11
Simply supported, 41‑7 Skeleton shoring, 39‑2 cracking, pavement, 76‑6
Simpson’s rule, 7‑2, 78‑18 Skempton bearing capacity factors (tbl), Slope, 7‑5, 8‑1, 19‑16, G‑15
Simulated equilibrium (ftn), 72‑6 39‑4 backfill, broken, 37‑6
Simulation Skew, symmetric matrix, 4‑2 circle failure, 40‑8
Monte Carlo, 20‑23 Skewness, 11‑14 configuration (fig), 83‑4
Monte Carlo (ftn), 87‑44 Fisher’s, 11‑14 critical, 19‑3, G-5
reservoir, 20‑23 Pearson’s, 11‑14 cross, adverse, 79‑9
stochastic, 20‑23 Skid resistance, pavement, 76‑4 deflection method, 47‑3
Simultaneous Skidding drain, temporary, 80‑11
equations, linear, 3‑7 distance, 75‑7 energy gradient, 19‑3
equations, matrix, 4‑6 friction, coefficient of (tbl), 75‑6 excavation, 83‑4
equations, solving, 3‑8 Skimming tank, 29‑7 geometric, 19‑3
Sine Skin -intercept form, 7‑5
coversed, 6‑5 friction, 17‑43 maximum allowable (tbl), 83‑4
flipped, 6‑5 friction capacity, 38‑3 normal, 19‑3
function, integral, 9‑9 friction coefficient, 17‑47, 38-3 /ramp method, landfill, 31‑2
hyperbolic, 6‑5 friction coefficient (ftn), 17‑5, 17‑47 rounding, begin, 81‑4
law of, 6‑6, 6‑7 friction loss (ftn), 17‑5 rounding, end, 81‑4
versed, 6‑5 friction, negative, 38‑6 sewer, 28‑4
Single friction (ftn), 17‑5 stability, clay, 40‑8
-acting hammer, 38‑2 resistance, 38‑3 stability, Taylor (fig), 40‑8
-acting pump, 18‑2 Slab stability, Taylor chart, 40‑8
-action shear, 55‑3 beam, factored moment, 51‑7 stability chart, 40‑8
angle, 61‑2 -beam floor system (fig), 50‑3 stake, 81‑1, 81‑3
butt (ftn), 45‑12 beam, two-way (fig), 51‑7 stake, marking determinant, 81‑4
cyclone, 34‑7 concrete, 51‑1 Sloping excavation, 83‑4
cyclone, double-vortex (inertial separa‑ concrete, effective width, 64‑2 Slot weld, 66‑2
tor), 34‑7 deck, 51‑8 Slotted hole, 65‑2
cyclone, double-vortex (fig) (inertial deflection, 51‑2 Slow
separator), 34‑7 design, flexure, 51‑3 -closing valve, 17‑41
drainage, 40‑5 design, shear, 51‑3 cure, asphalt, 76‑2
payment cash flow, 87‑4 flat, 51‑5 sand filter, 26‑15
payment present worth factor, 87‑6 length, pavement, 77‑8 test, 35‑28
-point calibration, 85‑2 minimum thickness (tbl), 51‑2, 51‑9 Slow sand filter, 29‑13
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I-62 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
Sludge, 26‑13, 30‑2, G‑15 Soil (see also type), 35‑2 Soluble
activated, 30‑2 bentonite, 40‑10 BOD, 30‑6
age, 30‑4 boring symbols, A‑119 sodium, percent, 25‑12
age, BOD, 30‑4 cement, 48‑8 Solute, 22‑11
beneficial reuse program, 30‑21 classification, 35‑4, 83-3 Solute (ftn), 14‑11
bulking, 30‑5, 30‑13, G-15 classification, AASHTO, 35‑4, 35‑5 Solution, 14‑11, 22‑11, G-15
cake, 30‑19 classification, USCS, 35‑4 Blasius, 17‑47
characteristics, 30‑14 classification, USCS (tbl), 35‑6 buffer, 22‑13
composting, 30‑21, 30‑22 Classification System, Unified, 35‑4 complementary, 10‑4
conditioner, 22‑26 Classification System, Unified (tbl), indicator, 25‑2, 25‑3
critical velocity, 18‑6 35-6 neutral, 22‑13, 25‑1
dewatering, 30‑19 cohesionless, 37‑2 of gas in liquid, 22‑10
disposal, 30‑21 cohesive, 37‑2 particular, 10‑4
incineration, 30‑21, 34‑16 failure, 35‑26 property of, 22‑11
landfill, 30‑21 gap-graded, 35‑2 regenerating, 26‑19
methane production, 30‑18 granular, 37‑2 saturated, 22‑11
monofill, 30‑21 group, hydrologic, 20‑17 trivial (ftn), 3‑7
ocean dumping, 30‑22 incineration, 34‑15 Solvation, 22‑11
parameters, 30‑4 indexing formula (tbl), 35‑9 Solvency, 87‑36
pump, 18‑5 mass-volume relationship, 35‑7 Solvent, 14‑11, 22‑11
pump power factor, 18‑5 moisture content, 21‑2 recovery, 34‑4
quantity, wastewater, 30‑14 nailing, 40‑11 Sonic
quantity, water treatment, 26‑13 noncohesive, 37‑2 boom, 14‑16
recycle rate, 30‑11 nonplastic, 35‑22 velocity, 14‑16
return rate, 30‑11 normally consolidated, 40‑4, G‑11
INDEX-S
Sorbent
rising, 30‑13 overconsolidated, 40‑4 injection, 34‑20
stabilization, 30‑16 parameter formula, 35‑8 -injection, duct, 24‑5
thickening, 30‑15 particle, classification, 35‑2 -injection, furnace, 24‑5
volume index, 30‑5, 30‑11, 30‑13 permeability, 21‑2, 35‑23 Sorption, G‑15
volume index (SVI), G‑15 pressure, at-rest, 37‑5 Sound, speed of, 14‑16
volume, settled, 30‑5 pressure, backward, 37‑2 Sound limit, 83‑8
washout, 30‑14 pressure, compressed, 37‑2 Source
waste activated, 30‑2 pressure, forward, 37‑2 energy, 17‑17
wasting, 30‑13 pressure, tensioned, 37‑2 nonpoint, G‑11
water treatment, 26‑6 pressure, vertical, 37‑3 point, G‑13
yield, 30‑14 resilient modulus, 76‑21 Space
Sludge (ftn), 32‑2 resistance value, 76‑21 buffer, 73‑34
Slug, 1‑4, A-5 strength, 35‑26 confined, 83‑6
Slump, 48‑4 test ASTM, 35‑16 mean speed, 73‑4, G-15
concrete, 49‑1 test, ASTM (tbl), 35‑17 mean speed versus density (fig), 73‑7
grout, 67‑6 test, standard, 35‑16 mean speed versus flow (fig), 73‑8
test, 48‑4 type A, 83‑3 mechanics, 72‑22
Slurry type B, 83‑3 mechanics nomenclature (fig), 72‑22
friction loss, 17‑12 type C, 83‑3 pedestrian, 73‑23
trench, 40‑10 type, geotechnical quality (fig), 83‑3 per pedestrian, 73‑22
wall, 40‑11 washing, 34‑20 permittivity of free, 34‑9
Small well-graded, 35‑2 -time diagram, 73‑20
angle approximation, 6‑3 Sol, G‑15 traffic, 73‑34
-diameter gravity sewer, 28‑4 Soldier, 39‑2 work, traffic, 73‑34
-diameter grouted pile, 38‑7 beam, 39‑7 Spacing, G‑15
SMAW process, 66‑1 pile, 39‑2, G‑15 bracing, 59‑3
Smog, 32‑15 Sole proprietorship, 88‑1 fire hydrant, 26‑26
photochemical, 32‑15 Solid gage, 60‑2
precursor, 32‑15 angle, 6‑7 hole, 65‑2
Smoke, 24‑12, 32-16 bowl centrifuge, 30‑20 molecule, 14‑2
opacity, 32‑16 contact unit, 26‑13 pitch, 60‑2
spot number, 24‑12, 32-16 density, 35‑8 stirrup, 50‑23
Smoothing, 87‑44 incineration, 34‑16 transverse joint, 77‑12
coefficient, 87‑44 settleable, 34‑24 vehicular, 73‑7
Smooth-wheeled roller, 35‑18 volatile, G‑17 Spalling, 76‑6
Snug-tightened connection, 65‑2 volume method, 49‑2 Span, 17‑42
Snyder hydrograph, 20‑11 volume method, concrete, 77‑2 shear, 50‑27
SO2 control, 24‑5 waste, 32‑2 Spandrel, 59‑2
SOC, 28‑15 waste, municipal, 31‑1 Sparging, 34‑21
Soda ash, 26‑16 Solidity, 80‑8 SPC, 11‑17
Sodium Solids, 28‑6, A‑181 Special
adsorption ratio, 25‑12 dissolved, 28‑6 case, polynomial, 3‑4
bicarbonate, relative proportion, 25‑12 fixed, 30‑4 condition, 46‑1
hazard, 25‑12 in water (see also type), 25‑9 damages, 88‑8
percent, 25‑12 nonvolatile, 30‑4 triangle, 6‑2
Soffit (ftn), 19‑29 refractory, 28‑6 Species, target, 85‑4
Soft residence time, 30‑4 Specific
material, 43‑2 suspended, 28‑6, 29‑3 activity, G‑15
water, 26‑17, 26‑18 total, 28‑6 area, filter, 29‑10
Softening volatile, 28‑6, 30‑4 capacity, 21‑4
ion exchange, 26‑18 washout, 30‑14 collection area, 34‑10
lime (ftn), 26‑16 Solubility, 31‑9, 34‑22 discharge, 21‑4
membrane, 26‑23 coefficient, 22‑10 downgrade, highway, 73‑14
point, Vicat, 43‑12 product, 22‑18 energy, 13‑1, 16‑2, 16‑10, 19‑16
precipitation, 22‑23, 26‑16, 26‑18 retrograde, G‑14 energy diagram (fig), 19‑16
energy, total (ftn), 16‑2
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-63
INDEX-S
speed, turbine, 18‑23, 18‑25 trigonometry, 6‑6 experiment, 11‑12
speed versus impeller design (tbl), Sphericity, 17‑45 Hveem, 76‑14
18‑14 Spheroid, 78‑7 index, Langelier, 26‑19
storage, G‑15 Spill index, Ryznar, 26‑20
substrate utilization, 30‑7 hazardous, 32‑16 Marshall, 76‑11
surface area, 29‑12 oil, 32‑12 number, 39‑3, 40‑8
upgrade, highway, 73‑14 Spillway, 19‑14 pavement, 76‑4
utilization, 30‑7 coefficient, 19‑14 relative, 28‑14
volume, 14‑4, 14‑6 dam, 19‑14 sand, cut, 39‑4
weight, 14‑6 ogee (ftn), 19‑14 slope, clay, 40‑8
weight, concrete, 48‑4 Spiral slope, Taylor chart, 40‑8
weight, equivalent, 37‑10 angle, 79‑20 Taylor slope (fig), 40‑8
yield, 21‑3, G‑15 column, 52‑2 water, 26‑19
Specification, 58‑5 curve, 79‑20 Stabilization, 32‑16
binder, 76‑16 curve (fig), 79‑20 contact, 30‑3
pipe, 16‑12 curve, desirable length, 79‑23 lagoon, 29‑4
Specifications curve, lane encroachment, 79‑22 pond, 29‑4
DOT geotextile, 40‑12 curve, length, 79‑21 sludge, 30‑16
kept intact, 82‑12 curve, maximum radius, 79‑22 surface, 32‑8
Specified cover (tbl), 50‑8 deflection angle, 79‑21 tank, 30‑3
Specimen, 43‑2 entrance, 79‑20 time, 28‑14
test (ftn), 43‑2 exit, 79‑20 treatment, 26‑19
SpecsIntact, 82‑12 tangent offset, 79‑21 water, 26‑21
Spectrum analyzer, 9‑8 wire, column, 52‑3 Stabilometer
Speed (see also type), 71‑3 Spitzglass formula, 17‑11 Hveem, 76‑14
adaptation, 75‑10 Splice length, minimum, 67‑7 test, 35‑32
average travel, 73‑4, 73‑13 Split value, 76‑14
balanced, 72‑9 beam tee construction (fig), 65‑9 Stable equilibrium, 72‑2
compression wave, 17‑40 chlorination, G‑15 Stack gas (see also Flue gas), 24‑13
control, motor, 84‑16 cylinder testing procedure, 48‑6 Stadia
crawl, 73‑4 mastic, 76‑30 interval, 78‑8
critical, 73‑7 process, 26‑17 interval factor, 78‑8
critical, shaft, 26‑12 spoon sampler, 35‑16 measurement, horizontal (fig), 78‑9
degradation on grade, 75‑9 Splitting tensile strength test, 48‑6 measurement, inclined (fig), 78‑9
design, 73‑3, 73‑5 Spoilage (ftn), 87‑39 method, 78‑8, G-15
driving, 75‑10 Spoils, 39‑2 reading, 78‑8
-flow relationship (fig), 73‑9 Sporozoans, 27‑8 survey, 78‑5
free-flow, 73‑4, 73-7, 73‑8, 73‑11 Spot Staff gauge, 19‑11
legal, 73‑4 speed, average, 73‑4 Stage, G‑15
limit, 73‑4 speed data, 73‑5 pump, 18‑5
limit, legal, 73‑4 speed study, 73‑5 Staged
linear, 13‑2 Spray -air burner system, 34‑21
linear (ftn), 13‑2 tower, 34‑2, 34‑21 combustion, 34‑21
mean, 73‑4, 73‑5 tower, packed bed (fig), 34‑3 -fuel burner system, 34‑21
median, 73‑5 tower absorber(fig), 34‑3 Stagnation
mode, 73‑5 Spread energy, 16‑4
normal, 72‑9 footing, 36‑2 point, 16‑5
of a jet, 17‑17 length, 76‑8 tube, 16‑5
of efflux, 17‑17 -tandem axle, 76‑19 Stainless
of reaction, 22‑14 Spreading, 75‑11 steel, A‑129
of sound, 14‑16 cracking, pavement, 76‑5 steel type (ftn), 22‑21
operating, 73‑4 rate, 76‑8 Stake (see also type), 78-9, 81‑1
parameter, traffic, 73‑3 Spring, 45‑22, G-15 abbreviations of, 81‑1
pedestrian, 73‑22 anticlinal, G‑2 alignment, 81‑3
rank, 73‑5 artesian, G‑2 cluster, 81‑1
regulation, 84‑12 constant, 44‑3, 45‑22 daylight, 81‑4
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I-64 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
carbon, 58‑1
circuit breaker, 84‑10 equilibrium, 15‑18 column, 61‑1
condition, 14‑4, 24‑2 equilibrium (ftn), 41‑7 compression member, 61‑1
condition, gaseous fuel, 24‑2 friction, 72‑6 connector, 58‑4
condition (ftn), 14‑4 friction, angle of, 72‑7 cover, 50‑8
contract, 88‑5 friction, coefficient of, 75‑6 deck (see also Metal deck), 57‑4
cost, 87‑38 GPS surveying, 78‑7 distribution (fig), 55‑5
cubic feet per minute, 30‑10 head, 18‑6 dual-certified, 58‑6
cubic foot, 24‑2 indeterminacy, degree of, 47‑7 fiber-reinforced concrete, 77‑14
design vehicle, 73‑3, 76‑19 pile composting, 30‑22 footing, minimum, 55‑4
deviation, 11‑13 pressure probe, 17‑28 formula, 20‑5
deviation of the sample (ftn), 11‑13 pressure tube, 15‑2 grade, 48‑9
dissolved oxygen, 28‑11 response, 44‑8 high-carbon, 58‑1
enthalpy of formation (tbl), 22‑19 roller, 76‑9 high-performance, 58‑6
error, 11‑13 suction head, 18‑7 high-strength, 58‑7
error of the mean, 11‑15 suction lift (fig), 18‑7 high-strength low-alloy, 58‑2
factory cost, 87‑38 Statical moment, 42‑3, 44‑11 low-carbon, 58‑1
flood, 20‑7 Statically maximum, area, 50‑6
form, 7‑9 determinate, 41‑8 mechanical property, 48‑9
girder, AASHTO-PCI, 56‑8 indeterminate, 41‑8, 46‑1 medium-carbon, 58‑1
gravity, 1‑2 Statics, 41‑2 member, composite, 64‑2
hoisting rope, 83‑10 indeterminate, 46‑1 mild-carbon, 58‑1
hole, 60‑3 Station minimum, area, 50‑6
hook, 50‑24 angle, 78‑14 modulus of elasticity, 48‑9
hook, masonry, 67‑7 back, 79‑4 monitor, 45‑22
hook (fig), 55‑6 control, 78‑7 nomenclature, 58‑1
motor, 84‑13 curve, around, 79‑3 pipe, 16‑11
normal curve, area under (tbl), A‑14 full, 78‑9 pipe, black, 16‑11
normal deviate, 11‑13 offset method, 79‑5 pipe, corrugated, 16‑12
normal table, 11‑7 plus, 78‑9 pipe dimensions, 16‑12, A‑36, A‑40
normal value, 11‑7, 11‑13, 11‑16 survey distance, 78‑9 pipe, galvanized, 16‑11
normal variable, 11‑13 triangulation, 78‑7 pipe, plain, 16‑11
normal variate, 11‑13 zero plus zero zero, 79‑3 pipe, pressure drop, water, A‑62
of care, 88‑7 Stationary pipe, water flow, 17‑10, A-62
of care (ftn), 88‑6 mixer, 49‑5 plow (ftn), 45‑22
orthographic view, 2‑2 phase, 27‑4 properties, A‑88
penetration resistance, 35‑16 Stationing, 78‑9 property, 58‑2
penetration test, 35‑16, 36‑7 ahead, 79‑4 quenched and tempered, 58‑2
pipe, 16‑12 back, 79‑4 rainfall coefficients, 20‑6
polynomial form, 3‑2 curve, 79‑3 rainfall region, 20‑5
project flood, 20‑7 forward, 79‑4 ratio, 50‑8, 50‑12
-rate filter, 29‑9 Statistic, chi-squared, 11‑8 ratio, prestressing, 56‑10
rod, 78‑10 Statistical rebar, area, 51‑3
sequence, 3‑12 error, terms, 85‑3 region, 20‑5
state, chemical, 22‑18 process control, 11‑17 -reinforced concrete (ftn), 15‑12
temperature and pressure, 14‑4, 24‑2 Stator pump, 18‑3 reinforcing, 48‑8, 50‑2
truck, 76‑19 Statute, 89‑1 reinforcing, pavement, 77‑8
truck, HL-93, 74‑5 of frauds (ftn), 88‑3 reinforcing wire, A‑150
truck load, 76‑19 Statutory rule, 89‑1 shape designation, 58‑3
truck loading, 76‑20 Stay-in-place formwork, 51‑9 shape designation (tbl), 58‑3
wastewater, 28‑16 Steady stainless, A‑129
weld symbol (fig), 66‑3 flow, 19‑2, 19‑15, G-15 structural, 58‑1, A‑128
Standards -flow energy equation, 16‑2 structural, properties, A‑128
drinking water, 25‑5, A-108 flow well, 21‑6 structural, property (tbl), 58‑2
fire resistance, 82‑5 -state operation, 11‑9 structural, types, A‑166
industrial wastewater, 29‑2 Steam temperature, 51‑2
national drinking water, 25‑5 friction loss, 17‑10 tension member, 60‑1
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-65
INDEX-S
flange, 59‑18 energy method, truss deflection, 44‑18 fracture, 43‑3
flange (fig), 59‑18 engineering, 43‑2 laboratory, 40‑10
interior intermediate, 63‑3 gauge, 15‑2, 85‑9, 85‑14 law, Abrams’, 48‑4
intermediate, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑3, 63‑4 -hardening exponent, 43‑6 layer, 76‑21
intermediate, design, 63‑4 -hardening region, 48‑9 limit state (ftn), 74‑4
intermediate (fig), 63‑4 inelastic, 43‑3 limit states, 58‑5
Stiffness, 44‑3, 47‑14 lateral, 43‑5 lower yield, 43‑3
and rigidity (fig), 44‑3 limit, compression-controlled, 50‑5 material, 44‑2
flexural, 53‑4 log, 43‑6 nominal, 45‑2, 50‑4
method, 47‑3, 47‑10 net, 85‑12 proof, 45‑10, 45‑14
pipe, 16‑12 physical, 43‑6 reduction factor, 50‑4, 50‑5
reduction factor, axial load, 53‑4 plastic, 43‑3 reduction factor, AASHTO, 56‑6
reduction factor, lateral load, 53‑3 proportional, 43‑2 reduction factor for joint, AASHTO
ring, 16‑12 radial, 45‑7 (tbl), 56‑8
spring, 45‑22 rate of, 14‑7 reduction factor variation (fig), 50‑5
torsional, computation, 51‑8 sensitivity factor, 85‑9 required, 50‑3
Stilling basin, G‑15 shear, 43‑9 rupture, 43‑17
Stimulated production, 21‑5 thermal, 44‑4 shear, 43‑9, 59‑5, 63‑2
Stirrup, 50‑2, 50‑22 total, 43‑4 shear, concrete, 48‑7
anchorage, 50‑24 volumetric, 14‑15 shear, nominal concrete, 50‑22
spacing, 50‑23 Strand (see also Tendon), 56‑5 soil, 35‑26
U-shaped, 50‑24 structural, 45‑23 steel beam, 59‑2, 63‑2
Stochastic Strata, layered geological, 83‑3 steel beam, plate girder, 63‑1
critical path model, 86‑14 Strategic Highway Research Program, tensile, 43‑3, 58‑2
simulation, 20‑23 76‑16 ultimate, 43‑3, 45‑2
Stoichiometric Stratosphere, 15‑13 ultimate, pipe, 40‑10
air, 24‑10 Stratosphere (ftn), 15‑14 yield, 43‑3, 58‑2
combustion, 24‑10 Stratum, G‑15 Stress, 43‑2, 44‑2
quantity, 24‑10 Straw, 80‑11 allowable, 45‑2, 50‑3
reaction, 22‑9 Streaking, pavement, 76‑6 allowable, bending, 59‑15
Stoichiometry, 22‑9, G-15 Stream allowable, sheet piling (tbl), 39‑4
biological system, 27‑11 braided, G‑4 apparent yield, 43‑8
Stoke, 14‑9 coordinates, fluid (fig), 17‑19 axial, 35‑27
Stokes number (tbl), 1‑10 effluent, G‑6 bearing, 45‑13
Stokes’ law, 17‑44, 26‑5 ephemeral, G‑7 bending, 44‑11, 59‑2
Stone function, 17‑4 bending (fig), 44‑12
-filled asphalt, 76‑30 function, Lagrange, 17‑4 biaxial, 85‑12
mastic asphalt, 76‑30 gauging, 19‑2, G‑15 block, 50‑8
matrix asphalt, 76‑2, 76‑30 influence, G‑9 buckling, 61‑3
Stop sign versus signal, 73‑19 meandering, G‑10 circumferential, 45‑5, 45‑6
Stopping order, G‑15 combined, 44‑5
distance, 75‑7 potential function, 17‑4 combined (fig), 44‑6
sight distance, 75‑7, 79‑11, G-15 power, unit, G‑17 concentration, 44‑5
Storage Streamline, 16‑8, 21‑8 concentration, geometric, 44‑5
coefficient, 21‑3 analogy, stress concentration (fig), 44‑5 concentration, press-fit, 45‑9
constant, 21‑3 flow, 16‑8 concentration factor, 44‑5
depression, G‑6 Streamtube, 16‑8 concentration factor, fatigue, 43‑11
facility, 33‑2 Street, 73‑3 confining, 35‑27
indication method, 20‑23 inlet, 28‑5 contour chart, Boussinesq, A‑125,
pumped, 26‑26 urban, 73‑3, 73‑15 A‑126
specific, G‑15 Streeter-Phelps equation, 28‑11 corrosion cracking, 22‑21, 58-7
tank, 33‑1 Strength critical, 17‑13
tank, underground, 32‑16 acceptance testing, 49‑1 critical, beam, 59‑8
water, 26‑26 allowable bearing, 61‑10 cyclic (ftn), 43‑10
Storm analysis, doubly reinforced section, cylinder, thick-walled (tbl), 45‑6
century, 20‑5 50‑25 design, working, 45‑2
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-66 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-67
INDEX-T
free, 16‑6 rectilinear, 71‑2
frictionless, 41‑7 odd (tbl), 9‑8 redundant, 11‑10
loading, 26-6, 29‑8, 29‑10 quarter-wave (tbl), 9‑8 resultant force-couple, 41‑4
loading rate, 29‑8 waveform (tbl), 9‑8 separate, G‑14
of revolution, 9‑5 Symmetry serial, 11‑10
of revolution (fig), 42‑3 curve, type, 7‑4 sexagesimal, 78‑7
recycling, 76‑29 half-wave, 7‑4 staged-air burner, 34‑21
retention, G‑16 odd, 7‑4 staged-fuel burner, 34‑21
runoff, 20‑7, 32-15, G-16 rotational, 7‑4 time, 73‑29
runoff (ftn), 20‑7 Synchronous unit, 1‑2
sealing, 77‑13 capacitor, 84‑16 voltage (ftn), 84‑5
stabilization, 32‑8 motor, 84‑16 Systematic error, 85‑2
temperature, 10‑10 speed, 18‑11, 84-15
tension, 14‑12 Syndet, 25‑8 T
wave, 19‑19 Syngas, 24‑6, 24‑8 t
Surfactant, 32‑8 tire-made, 32‑16 -distribution, A‑16
Surficial, G‑16 Synthesis, 22‑7 -distribution, Student’s, 11‑8
Surge hydrograph, 20‑13 T
chamber, 17‑41, 18‑26 organic compound, 23‑3 -beam design, 50‑18
pressure, pump, 49‑8 Synthetic -delta rosette, 85‑13
tank, 17‑41 asphalt, 76‑31 -factor, 73‑9
wave, 19‑19 detergent, 25‑8 T250 temperature, 24‑3
wave speed, 17‑40 gas, 24‑6, 24‑8 Table
Survey (see also type), 78-5 hydrograph, 20‑11 cumulative frequency, 11‑11
class, 78‑5 latex, 76‑6 divided difference (ftn), 12‑3
geodetic, 78‑5 membrane, 31‑4 factor, A‑194, A‑195
marshland, 78‑5 membrane liner, 31‑4 groundwater, 37‑10, 40‑5
mountain, 78‑5 organic chemical, 28‑15 lookup method, beam deflection, 44‑18
photogrammetric, 78‑6 polymer, 26‑9 of indefinite integrals, A‑11
plane, 78‑5 resin, 22‑24 of integrals (ftn), 9‑1
plane table, 78‑5 textured, 31‑4 periodic, 22‑2, A-93
rural, 78‑5 unit hydrograph, 20‑11, 20‑12 precedence, 86‑10
stadia, 78‑5 unit hydrograph, Espey, 20‑13 standard normal, 11‑7
suburban, 78‑5 zeolite, 26‑18 water, G‑17
total station, 78‑5 System Tacheometric distance measurement, 78‑8
urban, 78‑5 Absolute English, 1‑4 Tacheometry, 78‑8
zoned, 78‑5 accrual, 87‑35 Tack coat, G‑16
Surveying, 78‑1, 78‑2 bookkeeping, 87‑35 Tail
method, 78‑5 budgeting, 86‑5 curve, 11‑7
plane, 78‑1 Cartesian coordinate, 7‑3 race, 18‑26, G-16
position, 78‑7 cash, 87‑35 Tailwater, 18‑26, G-16
route, 78‑9 cgs, 1‑4, 1‑5 depression, 18‑26
static GPS, 78‑7 closed-loop recovery, 34‑4 Takeoff, 86‑3
Surveyor’s collinear force, 41‑6 viewer, 86‑3
chain, 78‑8 combined, G‑5 Tandem
tape correction (tbl), 78‑8 concurrent force, 41‑6 curb parking geometry (fig), 73‑23
transit, 78‑12 consistent, 3‑7 parking, 73‑23
Susceptance, 84‑6 consistent unit, 1‑2 seal, 34‑16
Susceptibility, frost, G‑8 coordinate, 7‑3, 71-2 Tangency, point of, 79‑4
Suspended coplanar force, 41‑6 Tangent
metal, in wastewater, 28‑16 curve (fig), 18‑19 ahead, 79‑2
solids, 28‑6, 29‑3 dependent, 71‑12 back, 79‑2
solids, age, 30‑4 double-entry bookkeeping, 87‑35 bulk modulus, 14‑15
solids, mixed liquor, 30‑4 double-liner, 31‑3 curve, 79‑2
solids, mixed liquor volatile, 30‑4 English engineering, 1‑2 departure, 79‑2
Suspension, 22‑11 English gravitational, 1‑4 distance, 79‑5
Sustainable development, ethics, 89‑4 factor, 74‑5 distance (tbl), 79‑2
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I-68 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-69
INDEX-T
hydrometer, 35‑2 of Pappus, 9‑5 Thixotropy, G‑16
hypothesis, 11‑16 of Pappus-Guldinus, 42‑3 THM, 25‑11
impact, 43‑15 parallel axis, 42‑4, 42‑5, 70-2 Thompson effect (ftn), 85‑8
in-place density, 35‑21 perpendicular axis, 42‑6 Thoracic fraction, 32‑7
Knoop, 43‑15 Pythagorean, 6‑2 Thread
laboratory settling column, 26‑6 superposition, 10‑7 angle, helix, 45‑15
Los Angeles abrasion, 76‑4 time-shifting, 10‑7 half angle, 45‑15
Marshall mix design (fig), 76‑15 transfer axis, 42‑5 Threaded
Meyer, 43‑15 Varignon’s, 41‑3 fitting (ftn), 17‑13
Meyer-Vickers, 43‑15 Theoretical member, tension, 60‑6
Mohs, 43‑14 horsepower, 17‑16 Three
nondestructive, 43‑13, 43‑15, 82-4 yield, 22‑9 -dimensional equilibrium, 41‑22
oedometer, 35‑24 Theory -dimensional mensuration, A‑10
penetration, 35‑16 Coulomb earth pressure, 37‑3, 37‑5 -edge bearing test, 16‑12
penetration, standard, 36‑7 distortion energy, 43‑9 -force member, 41‑7
permeability, 35‑23 log-spiral, 37‑3 -moment equation, 46‑5
plastic, 43‑11 maximum shear stress, 43‑9 -phase electricity, 84‑11
plate bearing value, 35‑32 Prandtl’s boundary layer, 17‑47 -phase signal, 73‑15
power of the, 11‑15 probability, 11‑3 -reservoir problem, 17‑24
presumptive, G‑13 queuing, 73‑29 Threshold
Proctor, 35‑18, 35‑19 Rankine earth pressure, 37‑2, 37‑5 level value, 83‑5
proof, 11‑9 von Mises, 43‑9 odor number, 26‑16, G-16
Q-, 35‑28 Therm (unit), 13‑2 vector, 31‑5
quick, 35‑28 Thermal Throat
R-, 35‑28 ballast, 34‑13 effective weld, 45‑15
ratio, 3‑13 coefficient of expansion (ftn), 14‑14 size, effective, 45‑15
rebound, 43‑15 cracking, 24‑2 thickness, 66‑2
Rockwell hardness, 43‑14 deflection temperature, 43‑12 thickness, effective, 45‑15
S-, 35‑28 deformation, 44‑4 Throttling
Scleroscopic hardness, 43‑15 desorption, 34‑23 discharge (fig), 18‑19
scratch hardness, 43‑14 efficiency, 24‑17 service, 16‑13
Shore hardness, 43‑15 energy (ftn), 13‑4 Thumb penetration test, 83‑3
sieve, 35‑2 expansion, area (fig), 44‑4 Tie, 39‑5
single strength, 49‑2 expansion, coefficient, 44‑4 bar, pavement, 77‑8
sliding plate viscometer, 14‑7 load, 47‑3 bar spacing, pavement, 77‑8
slow, 35‑28 -mechanical controlled processing, 58‑7 bar spacing, pavement (fig), 77‑11
slump, 48‑4 NOx, 32‑10 bar spacing, PCC pavement (fig), 77‑8
soil, standard, 35‑16 resistance, coefficient, 85‑7 form, 49‑7
specimen (ftn), 43‑2 strain, 44‑4 lateral, masonry column, 69‑2
splitting tensile strength, 48‑7 Thermistor, 85‑6 pintle, 68‑18
SPT, 35‑16 Thermocline, G‑16 rod, 39‑5
stabilometer, 35‑32 Thermocouple, 85‑6 wall, 68‑16
stress-rupture, 43‑17 constants, A‑192 Tieback, 39‑5
tensile, 43‑2 material, 85‑8 Tied
third-point loading flexure, 77‑6 thermoelectric constants, A‑192 bulkhead, 39‑5
three-edge bearing, 16‑12 Thermodynamic disc steam trap, 16‑15 column, 52‑2
torsion, 43‑9 Thermoelectric constant, 85‑7, A-192 Tile
triaxial, 35‑27 Thermometer, resistance, 85‑5 bed, 29‑2
ultrasonic, 43‑15 Thermophile (tbl), 27‑6 field, 29‑2
unconfined compressive strength, 35‑30 Thermophilic bacteria, G‑16 Till, G‑16
unconsolidated-undrained, 35‑28 Thermopile, 85‑7 glacial, G‑8
UU, 35‑28 Thermostatic steam trap, 16‑15 Time (see also type)
vane-shear, 35‑30 Thick base, 20‑7
Vickers, 43‑15 -walled cylinder, 45‑6 bed residence, 34‑7
Testing -walled cylinder, stress in (fig), 45‑6 braking perception-reaction, 75‑7
boiler feedwater, 22‑25 constant, 3‑12
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I-70 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
shaft, 45‑15
PRT, 75‑7 Torr, A‑5 Township, 78‑21, G-16
residence, 34‑9 Torricelli equation, 17‑17 number, 78‑21
retention, 26‑6, 29-8 Torricelli’s speed of efflux, 17‑17 subdivision (fig), 78‑21
retention, hydraulic, 30‑8 Torsion Toxaphene, 32‑13
rule, 79‑9 angle, 43‑9, 45‑16 Toxic air, 32‑2
-series analysis (ftn), 9‑8 balance, Du Nouy (ftn), 14‑12 Toxicity (in fish), 25‑9
service, 73‑29 dynamometer, 85‑14 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
-shifting theorem, 10‑7 noncircular shape, 45‑18 (TCLP), 32‑2
slack, 86‑12 shell, 45‑17 Toxin, G‑16
-space diagram, 73‑20 solid member, 45‑17 Trace organic, 29‑3
-space diagram bandwidth (fig), 73‑21 test, 43‑9 Tracking, fast, 86‑10
-space diagram construction (fig), Torsional Tract, 78‑21
73‑21 axis, 45‑18 Tractive
stabilization, 28‑14 buckling, 59‑4, 61‑2 effort, 75‑3
system, 73‑29 buckling, lateral, 59‑3 force, 75‑3
to double, 87‑8 center, 45‑18 force, locomotive, 75‑5
to empty tank, 17‑20 constant, 59‑4 Trade
to peak, 20‑11 eccentricity, 45‑18 -in allowance, 87‑19
to triple, 87‑8 shear, 66‑6 -in allowance, difference, 87‑19
tripling, 87‑8 stiffness, computation, 51‑8 Traditional organochlorine pesticide, 32‑13
tripling, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9 Tort, 88‑7 Traditionality, 75‑11
value of money, 87‑5 action, 88‑7 Traffic
waiting, 73‑29 strict liability in, 88‑7 -activated timing, 73‑21
-weighted average, 83‑8 Torus formula, A‑10 signal, resonant cycle, 73‑18
Timing Torvane shear vane test, 83‑3 space, 73‑34
on demand, 73‑21 Total volume data, 75‑17
traffic-activated, 73‑21 active resultant, 37‑4 Traffic (see also type), 73‑4, 76‑17
Tip air void, 76‑10 -activated controller, 73‑21
resistance, 38‑2 coliform, 27‑9 calming, 73‑28
speed, 18‑5 cost, 87‑34 control, temporary, 73‑32
Tipping fee, 31‑2 density, soil, 35‑8 control zone, temporary, 73‑32
Tire discharge head, 18‑7 design, 76‑18
coefficient of friction, 75‑6 dissolved solids, 25‑10 recorder, automatic, 73‑6
-derived fuel, 24‑4 dissolved solids (tbl), 26‑20 Trailer, aggregate, 80‑10
discarded, 32‑16 dynamic head, 18‑8 Train, cold, 76‑29
Titania (ftn), 24‑3 energy, 16‑2, 16‑4 Tranquil flow, 19‑17, G-16
Titration, 25‑2 energy line, 17‑17 Transaction, short-term, 87‑3
TKN, 28‑15 fixed solids, 25‑10 Transcendental
Toe, 37‑13 float, G‑16 function, circular, 6‑2
circle failure, 40‑8 hardness, 22‑23 function, derivative, 8‑2
dam, 15‑12 head, 16‑3, 18‑6, 18‑7 function integral of, 9‑1
excavation, 39‑2 head added, 18‑8 Transducer, 15‑2, 85-3
kick-out, 39‑5 incidence rate, 83‑2 potentiometer, 85‑3
retaining wall, 54‑4 Kjeldahl nitrogen, 28‑15 Transfer
wash-out, 39‑5 lime, 26‑9 axis theorem, 42‑5
Tolerance, 2‑4 metal (in wastewater), 28‑16 efficiency, 26‑5
Ton, 1‑7 nitrogen, 25‑9, 28-15 efficiency, oxygen, 30‑9
explosive, 1‑7 phosphorous, 25‑8 heat, 30‑18
freight, 1‑7 pressure, 16‑3, 37-10 load, 77‑7
long, 1‑7, A-5 rainfall, 20‑18 truck, 80‑10
measurement, 1‑7 ramp density, 73‑10 unit, 34‑22
metric, 1‑7 removed fraction, 26‑7 unit, height of, 34‑22
of explosive power, 1‑7 residual chlorine, 32‑7, 34‑8 unit method, 34‑22
of refrigeration, A‑6 residual oxidant, 29‑14 units, number, 34‑19
refrigeration, 1‑7 solids, 25‑9, 28-6
short, 1‑7, A-5 specific energy (ftn), 16‑2
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-71
INDEX-T
Treatment
temperature, ductile, 43‑15 advanced wastewater, 29‑3 Tripod, 41‑23
trench width, 40‑10 all-volatile, 22‑26 Tripod (fig), 41‑23
zone, 30‑15 caustic phosphate, 22‑26 Tritium, 22‑2
Translation, pure, 72‑2 efficiency, 30‑6 Trivial solution (ftn), 3‑7
Transmissible vector (ftn), 5‑1 facility, 33‑2 Trolley crane, 83‑10
Transmission highway safety, 75‑17 Tropopause (ftn), 15‑14
dynamometer, 85‑14 leachate, 31‑8 Troposphere (ftn), 15‑14
gear ratio, 75‑4 method, water supply (tbl), 26‑4 Truck
rope, 45‑22 partial, G‑12 equivalent, 73‑8
waterborne disease, 27‑10 penetration, G‑12 factor, 76‑18
Transmissivity, 21‑3, G-16 plant, wastewater, 29‑3 HL-93, 76‑19
coefficient of, 21‑3 preliminary, 29‑3 HS20-44, 76‑19
Transmittance, smoke, 32‑16 primary, 29‑3 loading, standard, 76‑20
Transonic travel, 14‑16 secondary, 29‑3 loading type (fig), 76‑21
Transpiration, G‑16 shock, 28‑6 standard, 76‑19
Transport tertiary, 29‑3 transfer, 80‑10
airport, 79‑23 wastewater, 34‑23 type, standard, 76‑19
cell, 27‑2 zero-solids, 22‑26 True
loss, 80‑9 Tremie concrete, 40‑11 color, in water, 25‑9
Transportation Trench meridian, 78‑12
network, 75‑2, 75‑16 anchor, 31‑4 strain, 43‑6
network, diagnosis, 75‑19 cement bentonite slurry, 40‑10 stress, 43‑5
network screening, 75‑18 method, landfill, 31‑2 Trumpet interchange, 73‑25
project, 75‑16 shield, 83‑4 Trunk, 28‑3
Transpose, 4‑5 slurry, 40‑10 Truss, 41‑13
Transverse width, transition, 40‑10 bridge, 41‑13
axis, 7‑12 Trenching, 39‑1, 83-3 bridge, part (fig), 41‑13
component, 71‑10 safety, 83‑3 deflection, 44‑18, 47‑5
force, beam, 44‑11 Trenchless method, 40‑11 determinate, 41‑14
joint spacing, 77‑12 Trenchsheet, 39‑4 indeterminate, 46‑7
joint spacing, pavement (tbl), 77‑12 Trestle, 41‑13 pipe, 16‑11, 28-4
load, truss, 41‑17 Triad, Cartesian, 5‑2 rigid, 41‑13
loading, 41‑17 Triadimenol, 32‑13 transverse load, 41‑17
pitot tube, G‑13 Trial, 11‑3 type (fig), 41‑14
pressure, 17‑30 batch method, 49‑2 Tschebotarioff trapezoidal pressure
reinforcement index, 55‑6 mix method, 49‑2 distribution, 39‑2
sensitivity factor, 85‑9 successive, 11‑5 TSS, A‑117
truss member load, 41‑17 Triangle, 6‑2 Tube, laminar, 26‑6
truss member load (fig), 41‑17 formula, A‑8 Tube (see also Tubing)
velocity, 71‑10 general, 6‑6 impact, 16‑5
Trap general (fig), 6‑6 piezometer, 15‑2
sand, G‑14 oblique, 6‑6, A-188 pitot, 16‑5
steam, 16‑15 Pascal’s, 3‑3 stagnation, 16‑5
steam, float, 16‑15 right, 6‑2 static pressure, 15‑2
steam, inverted bucket, 16‑15 similar, 6‑2 Tubing
steam, thermodynamic disc, 16‑15 special, 6‑2 copper, 16‑11
steam, thermostatic, 16‑15 spherical, 6‑6 dimensions, brass and copper, A‑53
Trapezoid, formula, A‑9 Triangular dimensions, BWG, A‑54
Trapezoidal channel, 19‑7 dimensions, copper, A‑52
channel, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑10 matrix, 4‑2 dimensions, seamless steel boiler, A‑54
channel conveyance factor, A‑93, A‑97 pressure distribution, 39‑2 dimensions, steel boiler, A‑54
cross section (fig), 19‑9 unit hydrograph, 20‑12 Tubular
loading curve, 41‑6 weir, 19‑13 ESP (ftn), 34‑8
rule, 7-1, 78‑18 Triangulation, 78‑5 flow, 30‑7
weir, 19‑14 station, 78‑7 Tunnel, wind, 17‑44
Triaxial stress test, 35‑27 Turbid water, 25‑10
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I-72 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-73
INDEX-V
force, 21‑9 VBN, 14‑17
pressure, 21‑9 ball, 16‑13 Vector, 5‑1
Upper butterfly, 16‑13 addition, 5‑3
bound, 9‑4 characteristics, 16‑14 biological, 31‑5
confidence limit, 78‑2 check, 16‑13 bound (ftn), 5‑1
Upstream control, 19‑22 combination air, 16‑15 Cartesian unit, 5‑2
Urban diagram (tbl), 16‑14 characteristic, 4‑8
area, 73‑3, 73‑4 double orifice air, 16‑15 cross product, 5‑4
interchange, 73‑25 eccentric plug, 16‑13 cross product (fig), 5‑4
roadway, 73‑3 equivalent length, A‑63 dot product, 5‑3
street, 73‑3, 73‑15 flow coefficient, 17‑15 dot product (fig), 5‑3
survey, 78‑5 gate, 16‑13 equal, 5‑1
Urea (ftn), 32‑10, 34‑20 globe, 16‑13 equivalent (ftn), 5‑1
Urea carbamide, 32‑10 lift, 16‑13 field, curl, 8‑7
Usage, electrical, 84‑8 make-or-break, 16‑15 field, divergence, 8‑7
USCS, 35‑4 needle, 16‑13 fixed (ftn), 5‑1
(tbl), 35‑6 nonreverse flow, 16‑13 function, 5‑5
symbols, A‑119 plug, 16‑13 gradient, 8‑6
Use, critical, halon, 32‑6 plug cock, 16‑13 image, 78‑7
Useful life (ftn), 87‑21 pressure-relief, 17‑41 in two-dimensional space (fig), 5‑2
USSWG wire, 67‑8 relief, 16‑15 inertia, 70‑2
UST, 32‑16 safety, 16‑15 inertia (ftn), 72‑6
UTC, G‑17 safety, full-lift, 16‑15 load, 47‑11
Utility, 75‑11 safety, high-lift, 16‑15 multiplication, 5‑3
airport, 79‑23 safety, low-lift, 16‑15 normal line, 8‑7
Utilization factor, 73‑29 safety relief, 16‑15 normal to plane, 7‑6
UU test, 35‑28 shutoff service, 16‑13 orthogonal, 5‑3
slow-closing, 17‑41 phasor form, 5‑2
V swing, 16‑13 polar form, 5‑2
V throttling service, 16‑13 position, 41‑3
-belt, 72‑7 type, 16‑14 rectangular form, 5‑2
-notch weir, 19‑13 type (fig), 16‑14 resultant, 5‑3
Vacuole, 27‑2 vacuum, 16‑15 sliding (ftn), 5‑1
Vacuum, 14‑3 Y-, 16‑13 threshold, 31‑5
drum filter, 30‑19 Vane, 17‑37 transmissible (ftn), 5‑1
extraction, 34‑23 -shear apparatus, 35‑30 triple product, 5‑5
sewer system, 28‑4 -shear test, 35‑30 unit, 5-2, 41‑2
valve, 16‑15 Vapor Vehicle
Vadose condensing, 34‑23 design, 73‑3
water, G‑17 incinerator, 34‑16 dynamics, 75‑3
zone, 21‑2, G-17 pressure, 14‑10 equivalent, 73‑8
Valence, 22‑1, G-17 pressure, Reid, 32‑9 escort, 74‑3
Value (see also type) pressure head, 18‑6 factor, 75‑9
alpha-, 85‑6 Variable, 3‑2 high-occupancy, 73‑8
analysis, 87‑46 -area meter, 17‑28 image size, relative (fig), 75‑10
average, 87‑31 -capacitance transducer, 85‑5 impact modeling, 75‑14
average (by integration), 9‑4 cost, 86‑9, 87‑33 period, 73‑22
book, 87‑23 dependent, 3‑2 pilot, 74‑3
boundary, 10‑1 dimension of (tbl), 1‑9 recreation, 73‑8
characteristic, 4‑8 independent, 3‑2 shadow, 73‑34
chemistry coefficient (tbl), 49-9 -inductance transducer, 85‑4 standard design, 76‑19
effective, 84‑5 matrix, 4‑6 type, 73‑8
engineering, 86‑2, 87‑46 -reluctance transducer, 85‑4 Vehicular volume warrant, signalization,
excess, 75‑18 resistor, 85‑3 73‑19
expected, 11‑8, 78-2, 87-31 sensitivity, 87‑46 Veil corporate, piercing, 88‑3
face, 87‑30 -slope method, 20‑8 Velocity, 71‑3
heating, 24‑15 standard normal, 11‑13 absolute, 71‑10
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I-74 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
effective drift, 34‑9 curve, through point, 79‑14, 79‑15 lubricants, A‑27
energy (ftn), 16‑2 curve, unequal tangent, 79‑18 Newton’s law of, 14‑7
equivalent, 21‑3 curve, unsymmetrical, 79‑18 non-Newtonian, 17‑13
escape, 72‑22 dilution of position, 78‑6 power law, 17‑13
face, 34‑5 exaggeration, 78-22 water, A‑21
filtering, 34‑5 force, elements, 37‑10 Viscous
flooding, 34‑2 -lagging cofferdam, 39‑9 coefficient, 72‑20
flow front, 21‑4 lift bridge, 57‑4 damping, coefficient of, 72‑20
flow-through, 26‑6 multiplier, 83‑8 drag, 72‑20
gradient, 14‑7, 17‑15, 26‑11 plane surface, hydrostatic pressure on flow, 16‑8
gross filtering, 34‑5 (fig), 15‑7 Vision, 75‑10
Hazen-Williams, 19‑6 point, 78‑19 center of, 2‑3
head, 18‑7 soil pressure, 37‑3 peripheral, 75‑10
jet, 17‑17 Vesic Visit, site, 86‑3
lifting, water, 21‑5 factor, 36‑4 Visual
linear, 21‑4 factor (tbl), 36‑4 acuity, 75‑10
maximum, erodible channels, 19‑28 VFA, 76‑10 depth, 75‑10
maximum, fluid, 17‑3 requirement (tbl), 76‑17 -optical process, 43‑13
maximum, open channel, 19‑28 Vibration, concrete, 49‑6 search, 75‑10
mean, open channel, 19‑2 Vibratory roller, 76‑9 Vitrification, 34‑4, 34‑23, G-17
migration, 34‑9 VIC, 32‑17 Vitrified clay pipe, 16‑11, 28-4
minimum, open channel, 19‑2 Vicat softening point, 43‑12 VMA, 76‑10
mixing, 26‑11 Vickers test, 43‑15 criterion, mix design (fig), 76‑15
net filtering, 34‑5 View requirement (tbl), 76‑17
net net filtering, 34‑5 auxiliary, 2‑2 VOC, 28‑15, 32‑15, 32‑17
of approach, 16‑5, 17‑17, 17‑33 axonometric, 2‑3 Void
of approach factor, 17‑31 central, 2‑2 air, 76‑10
of whirl (ftn), 18‑12 dimetric, 2‑3 filled with asphalt, 76‑10
overland flow, 20‑5 frontal auxiliary, 2‑2 mineral aggregate, 76‑10
paddle, relative, 26‑11 horizontal auxiliary, 2‑2 ratio, 21‑2, 35-7
pore, 21‑4 isometric, 2‑3 region, 7‑3
potential function, 17‑4 normal, 2‑1 total air, 76‑10
profile, 16‑9 oblique, 2‑2 total mix, 76‑10
ratio, pump (tbl), 18‑3 orthogonal, 2‑2 Volatile
reaction, 22‑14 orthographic, 2‑2 acid, 27‑10
rebound, 72‑18 orthographic oblique, 2‑3 dissolved solids, 25‑10
relative, 71‑10 perspective, 2‑2, 2‑3 inorganic compound, 32‑17
scouring, 29‑5 plan, 2‑2 liquid, 14‑10
seepage, 21‑4 planar, 2‑2 liquid (ftn), 22‑11
self-cleansing, 19‑2, 28-4 principal, 2‑2 matter, 24‑4
self-cleansing (ftn), 20‑3 profile auxiliary, 2‑2 organic chemical, 28‑15
settling, 17‑45, 26‑5, 26‑6 redundant, 2‑2 organic compound, 28‑15, 32‑17, G-17
sewer, 28‑4 trimetric, 2‑3 solids, 25-10, 28‑6, 30‑4, G-17
sonic, 14‑16 type, 2‑1 suspended solids, 25‑10
superficial, 21‑4 Viewer, takeoff, 86‑3 suspended solids concentration, 30‑4
superficial face, 34‑5 Virgin Volatility, 24‑6
tangential, 18‑24, 71-8 compression branch, 40‑4 Volatilization, G‑17
terminal, 17‑45, 72-20 compression line, 35‑25 Volcanic glass, 35‑33
unit, 21‑3 consolidation line, 35‑25 Voltage, 84‑2
wave, 19‑19 curve, 40‑4 deflection, 85‑11
Velz Virtual divider, 84‑4
decay rate, 29‑12 displacement, 46‑10 drop, 84‑3
equation, 29‑12 work, 46‑10 induced, 17‑29
Vena work method, 44‑19 motor, 84‑18
contracta, 17‑18, 17‑32 work method, beams, 47‑18 regulation, 84‑12
contracta (ftn), 17‑32 work principle, 47‑3 Voltammetric sensor, 85‑4
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I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-75
INDEX-W
wastewater, 28‑2 autogenous (ftn), 34‑11 of crystallization, 22‑6
Volumetric decomposition, 27‑9 of hydration, 22‑6
air flow rate, 30‑10 decomposition, end product (tbl), oxygen, dissolved, A‑97
analysis, 24‑2 27‑10 pipe (see also type), 26‑26
efficiency, pump, 18‑3 domestic, G‑6 pipe, Hazen-Williams, A‑55
expansion, coefficient, 44‑4 extrinsic, 32‑2 pipe, PVC dimensions, A‑49
flow rate, 17‑3 fuel, 24‑4 pipe, roughness, A‑55
fraction, 24‑2 intrinsic, 32‑2 power, 18‑8
loading, 30‑9 K-, 32‑2 pressure, 26‑26
strain, 14‑15 municipal solid, 31‑1 pressure drop, steel pipe, A‑62
Von Mises theory, 43‑9 overautogenous (ftn), 34‑11 properties, 49-1, A‑18, A‑19
Vortex, double, 34‑7 P-, 32‑2 quality compartment, 32‑15
Vorticity, 8‑7 subautogenous (ftn), 34‑11 reducer, high-range, 48‑3
VTM, 76‑10 -to-energy facility, 31‑10 -reducing admixture, 48‑3
-to-steam plant, 31‑10 softening, 26‑17
W U-, 32‑2 softening equivalents, A‑94
W Wastewater, 34‑23 stability, 26‑19
-beam guardrail, 75‑14 characteristics, 28‑6 storage, 26‑26
shape, 61‑1 compositing, 28‑16 subsurface, 21‑2
-shape beam (fig), 59‑2 domestic, 28‑2 supply chemistry, 22‑21
W&M wire gauge, 67‑8 industrial, 28‑2, 28‑9, 29‑2 supply demand, 26‑23
WAAS, 78‑6 municipal, 28‑2 supply treatment method (tbl), 26‑4
Waffle slab, 51‑5 peaking factors, 28‑2 table, 40‑5, G-17
Wah gas, G‑17 pump, 29‑4 table, bearing capacity, 36‑8
Waiting pump installation (fig), 18‑5 table, retaining wall, 37‑10
line, 73‑29 quantity, 28‑1, 28‑2 treatment chemical application point
time, 73‑29 reclamation, 29‑14 (tbl), 26‑3
Wake, drag, 17‑43 sanitary, 28‑2 treatment chemicals, A‑115
Wale, G‑17 sludge quantity, 30‑14 treatment plant location, 26‑2
Walkway, 73‑22 standard, 28‑16 tubing dimensions, copper, A‑52
width, effective, 73‑22 standards, industrial, 29‑2 unaccounted for, 26‑27
Wall tests, 28‑9 underground, 21‑2
bearing, 54‑2 treatment, 34‑23 Vadose, G‑17
buttress, 37‑1 treatment plant, 29‑3 vapor, 32‑17
cantilever, 39‑5 volume, 28‑2 viscosity, A‑21
cell, G‑4 Wasteway, G‑17 Waterborne disease, 27‑10
concrete pressure on, 49‑8 Wasting, 22‑26 Watercourse, natural, 19‑11
containment, 40‑10 (ftn), 22‑26 Watershed
counterfort, 37‑1 sludge, 30‑13 detention, 20‑21
cut-off, 40‑10 Water modeling, 20‑24
effective length factor, 54‑2 absorbed, G‑1 retention, 20‑21
footing, 36‑2, 55-2 absorption, masonry, 67‑5 Watery mixture, 48‑4
friction, soil, 37‑3 balance equation, 20‑2 Watt, 1‑5
friction angle, 37‑6 balance, post-closure, 31‑7 Watt (ftn), 18‑10
gabion, 37‑2 brake, 85‑14 Wave
gravity, 37‑1 budget equation, 20‑2 formula, kinematic, 20‑4
load-carrying, 54‑2 bulk modulus, 14‑15 speed, water hammer, 17‑40
masonry, 68-1, A‑169, A‑171 capillary, G‑4 standing, 19‑19, G-15
multiple wythe, 68‑15 -cement ratio, 49‑2 surface, 19‑19
nonbearing, 54‑1 -cement ratio, maximum (tbl), 77‑3 surge, 19‑19
retaining, 54‑3 -cement ratio (tbl), 77‑3 velocity, 19‑19
retaining, active components, A‑121, -cementious materials ratio, 49‑2 Waveform
A‑122 chemistry CaCO3 equivalents, A‑94 Fourier, 9‑8
retaining, analysis, 37‑10 chemistry equivalents, A‑94 frequency, 9‑7
retaining, cantilever, 37‑2, 39‑5 conductivity, 26‑20 period, 9‑7
retaining, design, 37‑13 confined, G‑5 periodic, 9‑7
semi-gravity, 37‑1 connate, G‑5 symmetrical (tbl), 9‑8
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I-76 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-77
INDEX-Z
X Zx beam selection table, 59‑8
X-ray testing, 43‑13
Xeriscape, G‑17
Xerophytes, G‑17
Y
Y
-connection, 84‑6
-valve, 16‑13
Yard
bank cubic, 80‑1
compacted cubic, 80‑1
cubic, 80‑1
loose cubic, 80‑1
-quarter, 80‑9
-station, 80‑8
Yaw, 17‑29, 72-2
angle, 17‑30
Year-end convention, 87‑3
Yield, 22-9, 49-2, 87‑28
biomass, 30‑14
bond, 87‑30
cell, 30‑14
coefficient, 27‑12, 30‑8, 30‑14
coefficient, maximum, 28‑7
factor, 27‑12
linear, paving, 76‑8
mass, 31‑10
observed, 30‑8
point, 43‑3, 58‑2
reservoir, 20‑21
safe, 21‑6, G-14
sludge, 30‑14
specific, 21‑3, G-15
strength, 43‑3, 58‑2
strength, lower, 43‑3
strength, representative material (tbl),
43‑4
strength, upper and lower (fig), 43‑3
stress, 17-13, 43‑3, 58‑2
Yielding, web, 59‑17
Young’s
modulus, 43‑2, 44‑2
modulus, concrete, 48‑5
Yuba Power, Greenman v. (ftn), 88‑7
Z
z-values for confidence levels, 11‑16
Zebra mussel, 27‑8
Zeolite, 22‑23
process, 22‑23, 26‑18
synthetic, 26‑18
3‑3, 12‑1
Zero, 3-3, 12-1
air voids curve, 35‑19
air voids density, 35‑19
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