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1
Fire Training objective
Life Saving- Guest, Staff, Comfort and Safety.
• Protect Property Equipment and Asset.
EVACUATION
TRAINING CONTENTS
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
CLASSES OF FIRE
STAGES OF FIRE
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
FIRE RISKS AT HOME & OFFICES
IN CASE OF FIRE
USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRE
• FIRE IS AN EXOTHERMIC
COMBUSTION REACTION WHICH
LIBERATES LARGE AMOUNTS OF
HEAT, SMOKE & LIGHT AS MAIN
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
What is FIRE?
5
What is FIRE? (Contd….)
6
The Combustion Process
FUEL
TEMPERATURE
7
Types of
1. Electrical
Energized electrical equipment
C 2. Flammable
and All flammable gases
Gases
8
Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, carpets, trash, plastics
Solid combustible materials that are not metals. (Class A fires generally leave an Ash.)
TIME FACTOR
STARVATION Elimination of
FUEL
SMOTHERING Limitation of
OXYGEN
COOLING Removal of
TEMPERATURE
CHEMICAL CHAIN INHIBITION Cutting of
continuous
FREE RADICAL
FORMATION
FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
WATER
COOLING - One gallon absorbs 9000BTU
of Heat
SMOTHERING
DILUTION
EMULSIFICATION
Common Causes of Fire
• Carelessness:
* Disposal of cigarette butts in a trash bag.
• Smoking in bed at night.
• Leaving cigarettes burning in ash trays.
• Gas Stoves, Electric heaters left switched on and unattended.
• Hazardous storage of flammable materials.
• Cables and wires under carpets.
• Broken wiring, Leakage in electric wire
• Faulty electric switch
• Electrical appliances left switched on
Ignorance: Inadequate fire prevention Knowledge
Accident : Electrical Short circuits etc.
Sabotage:
Possible Fire Risk in Office
Premises
Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload
Malfunction of AC Plant
LPG leakage
Photocopier toner
19
FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)
20
Remember the Following
1. Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e. The fires are in the
incipient stage.
2. Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work place personnel, who
had aware in its handling.
3. If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting), they can control the
fire by using Fire hydrant / Other appropriate measures.
4. All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness and emergency
evacuation plans.
21
Different Type of
Fire Extinguishers
Sr.no Type of fire Used for class of In HDFC
Extinguishers Fire SLI.
Available
1 ABC (Powder based) All X
Classes(Versatile)
2 DCP(Powder based) B , C Classes X
SAND
Absorbs Fuel
Smothers
BLANKETING
Jackets
Asbestos Blankets
BEATING OUT
Fire Beaters
FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
Decomposing and releasing CO2
Smothering
Cutting chain reaction
Heat absorption by powder
Example : Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium
bicarbonate, Urea based potassium bicarbonate, Mono
Ammonium phosphate..
Different Kinds of Extinguishers
• Pressurized water
• Pressure gauge
present
Carbon Dioxide
• Use on CLASS A,
CLASS B, and CLASS C
fires
• Fine powder under
pressure
• Pressure gauge
present
Fire Extinguishers - Foam
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
DISCHARGE LEVER extinguishers)
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
35
Parts of a Fire Extinguisher
39
Applications of Fire Extinguishers
Suitability of Extinguishers
Fire Class
Class A - - -
Class B -
Class C -
Class D (Spl.
Grade)
40
Fire Extinguisher Summary
DRY CHEMICAL
SMOTHERING
POWDER
41
P.A.S.S. Method
Squeeze the
handle
47
Major Fires
48
Major Fires (Contd.)
49
Major Fires (Contd.)
- Fire Tenders
- External Agencies
- External Experts
- Regulatory Authorities etc...
50
FLASH POINT
AIR AIR
FUEL
X X
FUEL
X
IGNITION
X
IGNITION
58
Fire Emergency Response
Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency
A phone number.
C
Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, if
appropriate.
E
59
IN CASE OF FIRE
Do’s
RAISE AN ALARM
(Normally by operating a break glass call point)
Leave the room, closing door behind you, using the nearest FIRE EXIT
Report to the Fire warden at the pre destined Assembly Point at least 15 feet away from the building
Inform the Fire Brigade
IN CASE OF FIRE
Don’ts
DO NOT PANIC
62
Most Fire Deaths are NOT BurnVictims!
Trauma (non-burn)
63
Most Important
64
Classes of Fire - BS EN 2
increased breathing
15
12% Dizziness,
headache, fatigue
9% Unconsciousness
10
5 6% Death within a
few minutes
0
• Why do people die in fires?
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
po s s
. h e at
s t ro k
e
49 m
i n . to
le ra n c
e
ra pi d
ski n
bu rn
s
2 0 -m
i n . to
l e ra n
ce
di ff.
bre a
th ing -
n os e
di ff.
bre a
th ing -
m ou
th
te m p
Effects of Heat
. lim
i t fo r
e s ca
pe
ra pi d
u n be
a ra b
l e sk
i n ...
LT 4
minu
te to
l e ra n
ce
re s p
. s ys
te m
t h re
s h ol
d
• Most people who die in fires don’t die
from the flames
• They die from lack of oxygen (suffocation)
– fire eats all of the oxygen
– the bigger the fire - the more oxygen it takes from us
• They die from the heat
– fire gets very hot, very quickly
– the more fuel a fire has, the hotter it gets
• They die from breathing the smoke
– things that burn cause toxic (poison) smoke
» furniture
» carpeting
» wallpaper
» curtains
• there are three degrees of burns that tell us
howDegree
– First serious our burn is:
• causes redness of the skin and is the least serious
– Second Degree
• causes red, blistered skin
– Third Degree
• worst burn and causes white or charred skin
• It is important to treat your burn correctly,
no matter what degree it is
Cool the burned area with cool water for at
least 10 minutes
Seek medical treatment, if
necessary
97
Exit Marking (cont’d)
99
Emergency Action Plan
• Describes actions that
must be taken to ensure
employee safety in
emergencies
• Includes floor plans or
maps which show
emergency escape
routes
• Tells employees what
actions to take in
emergency situations 100
Fire Prevention Plan
The plan must include:
• A list of the major fire hazards and handling,
storage, and control procedures
• Names or job titles of persons responsible
for maintenance of equipment and systems
to prevent or control ignitions or fires
• Names or job titles of persons responsible
for control of fuel source hazards
• Training for all employees who have
responsibilities in the plan 101
Portable Fire Extinguishers
If portable fire
extinguishers are provided
for employee use, the
employer must mount,
locate and identify them
so workers can access
them without subjecting
themselves to possible
injury.
Blocked extinguisher
102
Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
104
Common mistake in any Household
Let us understand:- All insect killer sprays such as "Hit", "Mortein" etc. have highly
volatile and inflammable solvents. The atomized Nano spray particles spread
extremely rapidly and one spark is enough to ignite this explosive mixture with
oxygen present in air. Did the poor lady realize the hazard involved? Apparently not!
Please educate your family about this and spread the word around.... who knows
you may save more than a life....
all pressurized containers like body spray, insect or mosquito killer and all such like containers
are highly inflammable. please read instructions and warnings carefully before using any
product . Whether it is anything ...read the given label nd information on the product packet
This is being used in all spray like insect sprays, Deodorants, perfumes, air fresheners Etc.
these thing cause fire like LPG must be used with caution and away from any source of ignitions
like electrical switches, or any naked fire.