Ions, Ions, Ions!

Ions
• Charged atom
• Occurs when the atom either loses or gains electrons
• Atom which loses electrons → takes on a positive charge
o It has more protons than electrons
o It is called a positively charged ion
Example: Na (sodium)
• Atom which gains electrons → takes on a negative charge
o It has more electrons than protons
o It is called an negatively charged ion
Example: Cl (chlorine)
• Ions form when atoms attempt to get a complete valence shell
(octet rule)
• This determines the type of molecules which can be formed
Example: Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine)
 Alkali Metals
IA
IIA

about) Alkaline Earth

Transition Metals (which we won’t worry

Boron Gr.
Carbon Gr.
Nitrogen Gr.
Chalcogens
Halogens
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

Noble Gases
VIIIA
 Types of Ions formed
In general, the following occurs
• Metals: form +ve (positively) charged ions (cations)

• Non-metals: form –ve (negatively) charged ions (anions)

• Noble Gases will not form ions, they already have a full
valence shell.
Tendency to Gain or Lose Electrons among Group A Elements

Number
Group
IA II A III A IV A VA VI A VII A VIII A

written in Tendency of Valence Example

Electrons
Number

ion form
Ex.
 Overall Trends
Metals in Group I A, II A and III A →

Non-metals in Group V A, VI A and VII→

Elements in Group IV A →

Elements in group VIII A →

II. Molecule
• A group of two or more chemically bonded atoms
• Two ways form molecules
o 1st: when ions bond (ionic compound)
ion + ion → molecule
a. Example: Na + Cl → NaCl
b. Example: Mg + S → MgS
o 2nd: when atoms share valence electrons (covalent compound)
a. Example: H O
2

b. Example: CH 4
 Identify the follow as either an Element or a
Molecule
• Cl
• HCl
• O2

• Mg
• NaCl
• N2

• He
• Ar