PHYS

82
Short quiz:
!
Given: A = 3x̂ + 5 ŷ
!
B = − x̂ + ŷ − ẑ
Calculate:
! ! use ½ piece of yellow pad
a) A+ B
! ! you can use your calculators
b) A− B
but you cannot use your
! ! cellphones
c) A⋅B
! ! you have 15 minutes
d) A× B
! !
e) angle between and
A B
Chapter 23: Electric Fields

Electric forces – due to electrically charged objects

Chapter 23: Electric Fields

Electric forces – due to electrically charged objects

How to electrically charge an object:

a)  rub a balloon on your hair
- balloon will a@ract bits of paper

b)  rub your rubber shoes on a woolen carpet
- try touching someone or a door knob aCerwards

a)  rub a plasDc on silk
“staDc”
cat fur
There are 2 types of charges:

a)  posiDve – protons

b)  negaDve – electrons

There are 2 types of charges:

a)  posiDve – protons

b)  negaDve – electrons

third type of charge?

rub plasDc on silk plasDc becomes negaAvely charged

rub glass on silk glass becomes posiAvely charged
How do we know that there are only 2 types of charges?

opposite charges a@ract

How do we know that there are only 2 types of charges?

opposite charges a@ract

same charge repel

ConservaDon of electric charge:

- total number of charges are the same

- charges transfer from one object to another

ConservaDon of electric charge:

- total number of charges are the same

- charges transfer from one object to another

Example: rub glass on silk

number of posiDve and

negaDve charges are
equal
ConservaDon of electric charge:

- total number of charges are the same

- charges transfer from one object to another

Example: rub glass on silk

number of posiDve and electrons flow from the

negaDve charges are glass rod to the silk
equal
Charge is quanAzed:

−19
- amount of charges in chunks of e = 1.6 × 10 C

Coulombs
Charge is quanAzed:

−19
- amount of charges in chunks of e = 1.6 × 10 C

Coulombs

q = ±Ne N − integer
Charge is quanAzed:

−19
- amount of charges in chunks of e = 1.6 × 10 C

Coulombs

q = ±Ne N − integer

electron: q = −e

proton: q = +e but around 2000 Dmes

heavier than the electron
Types of materials:

conductors – materials where electrons can freely move around

example: metals

insulators – electrons are bound to atoms and cannot move
around freely
example: glass, rubber, silk

semiconductors – properDes are between conductors and
insulators
example: Si, Ge
Charging by InducDon:

- charging an object without actual contact

posiDve and negaDve charges

have equal numbers
Charging by InducDon:

- charging an object without actual contact

posiDve and negaDve charges

have equal numbers

negaDve charges are

repelled by the charged
rubber rod
 ground large sink

grounded sphere
 ground large sink

grounded sphere

more posiDve charges

are leC

disconnect from the

ground
remove the charged
rubber rod

posiDvely charged sphere

 remove the charged
rubber rod

posiDvely charged sphere

Picture of a neutral atom:

equal number of posiDve and
negaDve charges

protons and neutrons are in the

nuclei

mobile electrons are outside the

nuclei
Charging an insulator:

atoms/molecules are neutral

- equal posiDve and
negaDve charges

neutral insulator
Charging an insulator:

atoms/molecules are neutral

- equal posiDve and
negaDve charges

neutral insulator

charges slightly separate

electrons are repelled away

to the right

to charge: ground and then

negaDvely remove ground
charged