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This document lists various classes of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action. It describes how rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase and is used to treat tuberculosis. It also discusses how quinolones like ciprofloxacin inhibit DNA gyrase and separate DNA strands. Finally, it provides details on how beta-lactams, glycopeptides, vancomycin, cycloserine, and protein synthesis inhibitors such as tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and oxazolidenones work to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or protein production.
This document lists various classes of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action. It describes how rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase and is used to treat tuberculosis. It also discusses how quinolones like ciprofloxacin inhibit DNA gyrase and separate DNA strands. Finally, it provides details on how beta-lactams, glycopeptides, vancomycin, cycloserine, and protein synthesis inhibitors such as tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and oxazolidenones work to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or protein production.
This document lists various classes of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action. It describes how rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase and is used to treat tuberculosis. It also discusses how quinolones like ciprofloxacin inhibit DNA gyrase and separate DNA strands. Finally, it provides details on how beta-lactams, glycopeptides, vancomycin, cycloserine, and protein synthesis inhibitors such as tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and oxazolidenones work to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or protein production.
Rifampicin Inhibition of RNA Treatment for Rifabutin polymerase pulmonary & extrapulmonary TB Rifamycin Treatment of cutaneous TB/Leprosy First Gen Nalidixic Acid Ciroxacin Second Gen Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin Inhibition of Norfloxacin topoisomerase Enoxacin II (DNA Gyrase) Quinolones/ Lomefloxacin and Fluoroquinolones Third Gen topoisomerase Levofloxacin IV (separates the Spanfloxacin DNA strand) Gemifloxacin Gatifloxacin Moxifloxacin Fourth Gen Trovafloxacin CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Penicillin o Natural Pen G- Benzyl Pen V- Phenoxymethyl o Isoxazolyl Penicillin o Extended Spectrum o Aminopenicillin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Bacampicillin - Inhibits cell wall o Carboxypenicillin Beta-Lactam synthesis by Carbenicillin binding to PBP Ticarcillin o Ureidopenicillins Piperacillin Azlocillin Mezlocillin Cephalosporins Carbapenems - widest spectrum among the beta-lactams Monobactam - Only effective for aerobic o Aztreonam and gram negative organisms Vancomycin - Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala- D-Ala terminus of the nascent chain Glycopeptides Teicoplanin Telavancin - alters membrane From Vancomycin potential and membrane permeability Dalbavancin From Teicoplanin - inhibits Alanine Cycloserine racemase and D- alanyl ligase Polypeptide Bacitracin Poor Oral BA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Inhibitors of 30S Tetracycline - inhibition of the - widest spectrum binding of the among the antibiotics aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA Aminoglycoside Kanamycin - prevent the Ototoxicity Amikacin formation of (KAN) Neomycin the initiation Streptomycin complex Vestibulotoxicity Gentamicin - misreading of Neomycin the mRNA Nephrotoxic Gentamicin complex (NGT) Tobramycin - Formation of nonfunctional polysomes Inhibitors of 50S Macrolides Erythromycin - blocks the Alternative for patients peptide exit tunnel allergic to Beta-lactam Clarithromycin dissociation of Treatment of PUD the peptidyl tRNA caused by H. pylori from the ribosome Least associated with adverse effects Azithromycin Excellent distribution to body tissues Chloramphenicol Inhibition of Toxic dose >50 peptidyltransferase mg/kg/day Lincomycin Sulfur-containing antibiotic Clindamycin DOC for anaerobic Lincosamides infection ABOVE the diaphragm Alternative for toxoplasmosis Oxazolidenones Linezolid Inhibits the 23S of Treatment of the 50S subunit VRSA/VRSE Dalfopristin (A) Treatment of Streptogrammins Quinupristin (B) VRSA/VRSE Ratio 70(A):30(B)