Japan’s Policing System

Rank Classification

The ranks for Japanese police officers are divided into 9 ranks which are shown
below:
"KEISHI SOKAN" (The Superintendent General of the TMPD)
"KEISHi KAN" (Superintendent Supervisor)
"KEISHI CHO" (Chief Superintendent)
"KEISHI SEI" (Senior Superintendent)
"KEISHI" (Superintendent)
"KEIBU" (Police Inspector)
"KEIBUHO" (Assistant Police Inspector)
"JUNSA BUCHO" (Police Sergeant)
"JUNSA CHO" (Senior Police Officer)
"JUNSA" (Police Officer)

The "KEISATSUCHO CHOKAN" (The Commissioner General of the National Police

Agency).

Organizational Structure

National Public Safety Commission (Kokka Koan Iinkai-NPSC)

The National Public Safety Commission is placed under the jurisdiction of the
Prime Minister and takes charge of police operations relating to the public safety of the
nation, administers affairs concerning police education, police communication,
criminal statistics and police equipment and coordinates affairs concerning police
administration.

The NPSC is composed of the Chairman and five members: To clarify the
administrative responsibility of the Cabinet, a Ministf~r of State is appointed the
Chairman. The Chairman presides over the affairs of the Commission and represents the
NPSC. To insure the political neutrality of the police, the Chairman has no vote, but he is
given a "ballot" privilege which is effective only in case of a tie.

National Police Agency (Keisatsucho NPA)

The NPA is placed under the supervision of the NPSC and shall take charge of the
provided functiolls. The head of the NP A (The Commissioner General of the NP A) not
only supervises the affairs of the NP A, but also directs and controls the Prefech~ral
Police concerning the functions of the NP A. The Commissioner General of the NP A is
appointed and dismissed by the NPSC with the approval of the Prime Minister.
 In the NPA, there are the Secretariate (Chokan Kanbo) and the following five
Bureaus and one Division:

*Police Administration Bureau (Keimu Kyoku)

*Criminal Investigation Bureau (Keiji Kyoku)

*Traffic Bureau (Kotsu Kyoku)

*Security Bureau (Keibi Kyoku)

*Communication Bureau (Tsushin Kyoku)

*Safety Department (Hoan Bu) in the Criminal Investigation Bureau.

As Attached Organizations to the NPA, there is the National Police Academy

(Keisatsu Daigakko), the National Research Institute of Police Science, and the Imperial
Guard Headquarters. As local organizations, there are seven Regional Police Bureaus
(Kanku Keisatsu Kyoku), the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Communication Division, and
the Hokkaido Prefectural Police Communication Division. Each Regional Police Bureau,
established in seven regions throughout the country takes charge of a part of the
functions of the NP A in its respective jurisdictional area. It should be noted that the
area of Tokyo Metropolitan, and that of Hokkaido are both excluded from the
jurisdictional areas of the seven Regional Police Bureaus, because the former has the
nature of the metropolitan police and the latter has a special geographic
characteristic respectively.
UNIFORM REGULATION
 Hong Kong Policing System

Organizational Structure

Organization Chart of Hong Kong Police Force

Senior Officers

Operations

Crime & Security

Personnel & Training

Management Services

Finance, Administration & Planning

Commissioner of Police (CP)

Mr LO Wai-chung, Stephen
Commissioner of Police (CP)

Commissioner's Rank Badge

Deputy Commissioner of Police, Operations (DCP OPS)

Mr TANG Ping-keung, Chris
Deputy Commissioner of Police, Operations (DCP OPS)
 Deputy Commissioner of Police, Management (DCP MAN)
Mr KWOK Yam-shu, Oscar
Deputy Commissioner of Police, Management (DCP MAN)

Deputy Commissioner's Rank Badge

Senior Assistant Commissioner's Rank Badge

Under the five Departments, there are 11 Major Formations, each commanded by
an Assistant Commissioner of Police or equivalent civilian officer, except the
Planning and Development Branch which is commanded by a Chief Superintendent
of Police. Frontline policing is delivered by six Regions, each commanded by an
Assistant Commissioner of Police.

Assistant Commissioner's Rank Badge

Chief Superintendent of Police - (rank below Assistant Commissioner).
Normally commands a Branch or District Formation.

Senior Superintendent of Police - normally commands Bureau, or is second

in charge of a District.

Superintendent of Police - normally commands a Headquarters Unit or

Police Division

Chief Inspector of Police - normally second in charge of a Headquarters

Unit or Police Division.

Senior Inspector of Police - sub unit commander

Inspector of Police - sub unit commander

Probationary Inspector of Police - sub unit commander

Station Sergeant - sub unit commander or second in charge of sub unit

Sergeant - sector commander, vehicle commander

Senior Police Constable - beat patrol officer

Police Constable - beat patrol office

UNIFORM REGULATION
 Rank Classification

The Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force (HKAPF) comprises the following
ranks:

 Commandant, HKAPF [Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police

(Auxiliary)]
 Deputy Commandant, HKAPF [Assistant Commissioner of Police
(Auxiliary)]
 Chief Superintendent (Auxiliary)
 Senior Superintendent (Auxiliary)
 Superintendent (Auxiliary)
 Chief Inspector (Auxiliary)
 Senior Inspector (Auxiliary)
 Inspector (Auxiliary)
 Station Sergeant (Auxiliary)
 Sergeant (Auxiliary)
 Senior Constable / Constable (Auxiliary)

UNITED KINGDOM POLICING SYSTEM

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

There are 43 forces in England and Wales and one in both Scotland
and Northern Ireland (Scotland used to have 8 separate forces until April of last
year, when they were amalgamated into one). UK forces can be very different
in size, ranging from 28000 police officers in the London Metropolitan Police to
700–800 officers in some of the smaller forces, like the Warwickshire force for
example. Because of this size difference among different forces, there is no
standard organizational structure as such.

RANK CLASSIFICATION

United Kingdom police ranks (up to chief superintendent)

Constable Sergeant Inspector

 Chief inspector Superintendent Chief superintendent

United Kingdom police ranks (chief officers)

Rank

Assistant chief constable Deputy chief constable Chief constable (red)

Commander Assistant commissioner Commissioner
Commander Deputy Assistant Commissioner Assistant commissioner (blue)

Deputy commissioner Commissioner

 UNIFORM REGULATION

Rank : Constable Sergeant Inspector to chiefsuperintendent

Assistant chief constable Assistant commissioner

up to deputy chief constable up to commissioner (and chief constable)

CONSTABLE - is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in

criminal law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in
different jurisdictions. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within
the police. Other people may be granted powers of a constable without
holding this title.
SERGEANT- refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of
a corporal and a police officer immediately below a lieutenantor, in the UK
Police forces, below an inspector.
Assistant chief constable (ACC) - is the third highest rank in all British territorial
police forces (except the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police, in
which the equivalent rank is commander), as well as the British Transport
Police, Ministry of Defence Police and Civil Nuclear Constabulary.

Deputy chief constable (DCC) - is the second highest rank in all territorial police
forces in the United Kingdom (except the Metropolitan Police, in which the
equivalent rank is deputy assistant commissioner, and City of London Police, in
which the equivalent rank is assistant commissioner, both of which wear the
same insignia as a DCC). The British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence
Police, Civil Nuclear Constabulary, and the Isle of Man Constabulary each also
has a DCC.
Assistant commissioner - is a rank used in many police forces around the globe.
It is also a rank used in revenue administrations (land, income tax, customs,
inland etc.) in many countries.
 Indonesia Policing system

Rank Classification
In the early years, the Indonesian Police used European police style ranks like
"inspector" and "commissioner". When the police were amalgamated with the military
structure during the 1960s, the ranks changed to a military style such as "Captain",
"Major" and "Colonel". In the year 2000, when the Indonesian Police conducted the
transition to a fully independent force out of the armed forces, they used British style
police ranks like "Inspector" and "Superintendent". In 2001, the Indonesian Police have
returned to Dutch style ranks like "Brigadier" and "Inspecteur" just like in the early years
with some Indonesianized elements within the ranking system. The ranks are
comparable with the armed forces' rank system.

Organizational Structure
POLRI – is a centralized National Bureaucracy.
-Known as MARKAS BESAR or MABES POLRI

Polisi Daerah or Polda- Provincial Police Command to cover provinces.

Polisi Resor or Polres- District commands for districts
Polisi Sektor or Polsek- District command
Polisi Masyarakat or Polmas- community Police officers to service individual
Villages.
Polda Metro Jaya- creating a special command for the province of Jakarta.
Polisi Kota Besar or Poltabes- special command for capital city districts and
cities.
The territorial Police organisation consists of:

 POLDA: regional Police of the Republic of Indonesia, covering

a provincial level (formerly Police Commissariats (Kepolisan Komisariat),
Police Regional Directorates (Komando Daerah Kepolisan) and Police
Territorial Directorates (Polisi Wilayah))
 POLRES: Departmental (Resort) Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polres)
covering a regency / city level (formerly Police Area Directorates (Korem
Polisi))
o POLRESTABES: capital/metropolitan city police
o POLRESTA: city police
o POLRES KABUPATEN: regency police
 POLSEK: sectoral Police of the Republic of Indonesia for the sub-district
(Kecamatan) level
o POLSUBSEK: police for a smaller region in the sub-district (below POLSEK)

Uniform Regulation
Patrolmen

Traffic Policemen

Water Police
 United States Policing System
Organizational Structure
There’s no national police force in the US, where policing is organized on a
state and local basis. The country has around 500,000 police officers and a total
of 40,000 separate police forces, over half of which are simply one or two-man
sheriffs’ offices in small towns.

Police forces include city police (possibly with separate departments to deal
with schools, traffic and even refuse), county police, transport police, sheriffs’
departments, state police (state troopers) and highway forces such as the
California Highway Patrol. An ordinary policeman is usually called a patrolman.

In addition to regular full-time police officers, many towns have auxiliary, part-
time police officers, special duty and volunteer sheriff’s posses (which assist
sheriffs’ offices in some areas). The American response to increasing crime is
usually to put more cops on the beat.

Rank Classification

Although the large and varied number of federal, state, and local police
and sheriff's departments have different ranks, a general model, from highest to
lowest rank, would be:

 Chief of police/police commissioner/superintendent/sheriff -

The title police commissioner is used mainly by large metropolitan
departments, while chief of police is associated with small and medium-sized
municipalities; Both are typically appointed by a mayor or selected by
the city council or commission. In some cities, "commissioner" is the member
of the board of officials in charge of the department, while a "chief" is the
top uniformed officer answering to the commissioner or commission. In very
large departments, such as the New York City Police Department, there may
be several non-police officer deputy and assistant commissioners, some of
whom outrank the chief of department and others on par with the uniformed
chief. There may be a chief of operations who is second in command to the
top-ranking chief. In contrast, sheriffs in the United States are usually elected
officials, one in each county, who head the sheriff's department (or sheriff's
office).
 Assistant chief of police/assistant commissioner/assistant superintendent-
Only seen in some departments. In New York City, assistant chiefs head
borough commands.
 Deputy chief of police/deputy commissioner/deputy superintendent/chief
deputy/undersheriff -
The top subordinate of the chief of police, commissioner,
superintendent, or sheriff; may or may not have a specific area of
responsibility. In some places the undersheriff is the warden of the county jail.
The New York City Sheriff's Office has five undersheriffs: each one is
responsible for a borough of New York City, with the Sheriff of the City of New
York overseeing all of them.
 Inspector/commander – Sometimes have an insignia of a single star,
analogous to brigadier generals, but in other areas wear a gold or silver
eagle, similar to a colonel. "Inspector" is also used as a term for "detective" in
the San Francisco Police Department but is two ranks above captain in the
NYPD and the Philadelphia Police Department. In the NYPD, inspectors
 command divisions, which may be groups of precincts within a borough or
specialized branches of the police service.
 Colonel - A majority of state police agencies use "colonel" as their senior
executive rank, often jointly with a civilian title such as "superintendent",
"commissioner" or "director". Conversely, the colonel rank is rarely employed
by other agencies, though it is used by the Baltimore Police Department and
other Maryland agencies as either an executive or commander-like rank.
Colonels generally wear the gold or silver eagle of a colonel, or the oak leaf
of a lieutenant colonel, from the U.S. armed forces. Many sheriffs also wear
the eagle insignia, and use colonel as an official rank.
 Major/deputy inspector - sometimes have an insignia of a gold or
silver oak leaf, similar to a major or lieutenant colonel. In the Baltimore Police
Department and Atlanta Police Department, majors supervise police stations.
 Captain - Two gold or silver bars ("railroad tracks"). Often supervises a police
station but can supervise another division or unit (detectives, patrol, etc.) in
smaller departments and only certain sections of a police station in larger
departments. In the NYPD, captains are the normal commanders of
precincts.
 Lieutenant - A single gold or silver bar, who supervises two to three or more
sergeants. Lieutenants can supervise an entire watch shift of a police station
or detective squad (narcotics, homicide, etc.) in larger police departments
and entire barracks in state police departments, and entire precincts in
smaller police departments.
 Sergeant - Three chevrons, a police officer who supervises an entire watch
shift in smaller departments and areas of a precinct and individual detective
squads in larger departments. Some agencies, such as the New Jersey State
Police, use a para-militaristic range of sergeant ranks, such as staff sergeant
and sergeant first class, in addition to the basic sergeant rank.
 Detective/inspector/investigator - An investigatory specialist, usually working
in plain clothes. This may be in several classes that correspond to higher
supervisory and pay grades. In the NYPD, the detective rank is technically a
designation: detectives do not actually outrank police officers although they
are in charge of cases and are often senior in years of service, and so have a
certain degree of authority beyond police officers in specific situations.
 Officer/deputy/trooper/corporal - A regular officer/deputy wears no rank
insignia, and there may be several pay grades. Corporals, who may be
senior officers or acting watch commanders, wear two chevrons.
In a few departments, such as New York City and Philadelphia, officers from
the rank of lieutenant and up wear a white shirt instead of the dark blue or black
uniform shirt common to lower-ranked police officers. Senior police officers may
wear fretting ("scrambled eggs") on their hat visors.
Advancement from officer to captain is generally by appointment after
successful completion of a series of examinations, and after the officer has
sufficient time in grade. Grades above captain are generally by appointment of
the chief/sheriff. In addition, there must be vacancies for a higher rank.
 \

Uniform Regulation
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Aliessa Jane B. Abitong

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Severo A. Nunez

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Pol Nilo M. Doinog

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Sid Alec M. Adobo

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Rogelio F. Dacatimban Jr

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachica
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Mark Andrew A. Saberon

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Jason D. Bardaje

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Jimbert A. Pacho

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Chistine B. Fabillar

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Joyce Anne B. Liagao

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Aiza Angeline Jabonero

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Jessa Jean Aguilar

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Ronel Abaigar

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha
 Republic of the Philippines
College of Criminal Justice Education
Samar College
Catbalogan City, Samar

PROJECT
IN
LEA 6

(COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED BY:
Arnold O. Soria

SUBMITTED TO:
Maria Albina M. Bachicha