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Tutorial (5)
Problem (1):
Calculate the RMS delay spread for an HF radio channel for which:
𝑷(𝝉) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝜹(𝝉) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝜹(𝝉 − 𝟎. 𝟐) + 𝟎. 𝟏𝜹(𝝉 − 𝟎. 𝟒) where 𝝉 is measured in milliseconds.
Determine whether a 5 KHz signal would experience flat fading or frequency selective fading.
𝜎𝜏 = √̅̅̅
𝜏 2 − (𝜏̅)2 = (√0.028 − (0.1)2 ) × 10−3 = 0.13416𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
1 1
∵ 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 ∴ 𝐵𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠 = → 𝑇𝑠 = = 0.2 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑇𝑠 5 × 103
10𝜎𝜏 = 1.3416𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
∴ 𝑇𝑠 < 10𝜎𝜏 →∴ 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Communications Department
Course: Wireless Communications [NETW 701]
Dr. Tallal Elshabrawy
Problem (2):
0 dB
-10 dB
-20 dB
-30 dB
𝜎𝜏 = √̅̅̅
𝜏 2 − (𝜏̅)2 = √2613.636 − (48.347)2 = 16.619𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐
iv. If it is required to send 16 QAM with a bit rate of 600 kbps. What type of fading will the
modulation undergo (For flat fading assume that the 10 x signal bandwidth<coherence
bandwidth)
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Communications Department
Course: Wireless Communications [NETW 701]
Dr. Tallal Elshabrawy
Problem (3):
Pr(τ)
0 dB
-10 dB
-20 dB
-30 dB
𝜎𝜏 = √̅̅̅
𝜏 2 − (𝜏̅)2 = 18.918 𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐
iv. Given that an M-QAM modulation scheme would be adopted, determine the minimum
value of M such that flat fading communication is achieved given that the required bit rate
is 600 kbps. (For flat fading assume that 10 x signal bandwidth<coherence bandwidth)
∵ 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑅𝑏
∴ 𝐵𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠 =
𝑚
10𝐵𝑠 < 𝐵𝑐
𝑅𝑏
10 × ( ) < 𝐵𝑐
𝑚
𝑚 1
>
10𝑅𝑏 𝐵𝑐
10𝑅𝑏
𝑚>
𝐵𝑐
𝑚 > 5.675
Problem (4):
If a baseband binary message with a bit rate Rb = 100kbps is modulated by an RF carrier using
BPSK, answer the following:
i. Find the range of values required for the rms delay spread of the channel such that the
received signal is a flat fading signal.
1
𝑇𝑠 = 𝑚𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑏 = = 10 𝜇𝑠
𝑅𝑏
10𝜇 > 10𝜎𝜏
1𝜇 > 𝜎𝜏
0 ≤ 𝜎𝜏 < 1 × 10−6
ii. If the modulation carrier frequency is 5.8GHz, what is the coherence time of the
channel, assuming a vehicle speed of 30km/hr?
0.423
𝑇𝑐 =
𝑓𝑚
1000 25
𝑣 = 30 × = 𝑚/𝑠
60 × 60 3
𝑐 3 × 108 3
𝜆= = 9
= 𝑚
𝑓𝑐 5.8 × 10 58
25
𝑣 3
𝑓𝑚 = 𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 3 = 161.11 𝐻𝑧
𝜆
58
0.423
𝑇𝑐 = = 2.626 × 10−3 𝑠 = 2.626 𝑚𝑠
161.11
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Communications Department
Course: Wireless Communications [NETW 701]
Dr. Tallal Elshabrawy
iii. Calculate the received carrier frequency if the receiver is moving towards the
transmitter.
∵The receiver is moving towards the transmitter → 𝜃 = 0° Doppler shift is positive
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑑
𝑣
𝑓𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃)
𝜆
𝑣
𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 161.11 𝐻𝑧
𝜆
Problem (5):
Determine the maximum and minimum spectral frequencies received from a stationary GSM
transmitter that has a center frequency of exactly 1950MHz, assuming that the receiver is
traveling at speeds of: a) 1Km/hr; b) 100Km/hr.
𝒗 = 𝟏 𝑲𝒎/𝒉𝒓
𝑐 3 × 108 2
𝜆= = 6
= 𝑚
𝑓𝑐 1950 × 10 13
1000 5
𝑣 = 1× = 𝑚/𝑠
60 × 60 18
𝑣
𝑓𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃)
𝜆
5
𝑣 18
𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 2 = 1.81 𝐻𝑧
𝜆
13
𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1950 × 106 − 1.81 = 1949.9999998 𝑀𝐻𝑧
𝒗 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝒎/𝒉𝒓
𝑐 3 × 108 2
𝜆= = 6
= 𝑚
𝑓𝑐 1950 × 10 13
1000 500
𝑣 = 100 × = 𝑚/𝑠
60 × 60 18
𝑣
𝑓𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃)
𝜆
500
𝑣
𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 18 2 = 181 𝐻𝑧
𝜆
13
𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1950 × 106 − 181 = 1949.999819 𝑀𝐻𝑧
Problem (6):
The TU-6 Channel (Typical Urban 6 Path Channel) is a popular multipath channel model used in
wireless telecommunications. The power delay profile information of the TU-6 Channel is in the
table shown below:
For flat fading like behavior, each FDMA channel must be at maximum equal to the coherence
bandwidth. Let’s calculate the coherence bandwidth
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology
The Communications Department
Course: Wireless Communications [NETW 701]
Dr. Tallal Elshabrawy
∑𝑘 𝑃(𝜏𝑘 )𝜏𝑘 0 × 0.0501 + 0.2 × 1 + 0.5 × 0.631 + 1.6 × 0.251 + 2.3 × 0.158 + 5 × 0.1
𝜏̅ = =
∑𝑘 𝑃(𝜏𝑘 ) 0.0501 + 1 + 0.631 + 0.251 + 0.158 + 0.1
∑𝑘 𝑃(𝜏𝑘 )𝜏𝑘 2 0 × 0.0501 + 0.22 × 1 + 0.52 × 0.631 + 1.62 × 0.251 + 2.32 × 0.158 + 52 × 0.1
̅̅̅
𝜏2 = =
∑𝑘 𝑃(𝜏𝑘 ) 0.0501 + 1 + 0.631 + 0.251 + 0.158 + 0.1
𝜎𝜏 = √̅̅̅
𝜏 2 − (𝜏̅)2 = 1.0615 𝜇𝑠