Climate change is the occurrence of changes in atmospheric conditions, such as temperature, and

weather which cause an uncertain condition. This change is very broad impact on human life in various
sectors.

Climate change can also be regarded as, a condition where the temperature on earth has increased and
shifts in seasons. This temperature increase will cause the expansion of the mass of water and sea level.

human activity is a major cause of climate change. In addition, the increase in population and the rapid
growth of technology and industry apparently also contributed greatly to the increase in GHGs. Due to
the different types of activities, the GHGs contributed by each country to the atmosphere also have
different portions.

There are many events that can cause climate change.

Indonesia is one of the countries in the world with the largest forest area, which is 120.3 million
hectares. Around 17% of the area is conservation forest and 23% is protected forest, while the rest is
production forest (FWI / GFW, 2001).

However, from year to year the forest area has decreased. This is caused by illegal logging or also forest
fires (intentional or unintentional). Even though forests play a role as CO2 absorbers and O2 producers.
With the ability of these forests to reduce GHG levels in the air.

At present human life is very dependent on electricity and fossil fuels. This dependence is very bad for
the life of mankind. The use of fossil energy such as oil, coal and natural gas in various activities will
trigger an increase in GHG emissions in the atmosphere.

The agricultural sector also plays a major role in increasing GHG emissions, especially methane gas (CH4)
produced from inundated rice fields. Based on research the agricultural sector produces the highest
methane gas emissions compared to other sectors.

The livestock sector is also not inferior in emitting greenhouse gases, this is because rotting livestock
manure will release methane gas into the atmosphere.

Waste also contributes to GHG emissions in the form of methane gas even though in a fairly small
amount. An estimated 1 ton of solid waste produces about 50 kg of methane gas.

Human activities always produce waste. Waste is a big problem faced by big cities in Indonesia. Data
from the Ministry of Environment said that in 1995 the average urban person in Indonesia produced 0.8
kg of waste per day and continued to increase to 1 kg per person per day in 2000.

Climate change will have an enormous impact on various sectors,Climate change will cause a shift in
seasons, so the dry season is longer. This will cause crop failure, clean water crisis and forest fires. So
that Indonesia must import rice from abroad to meet its needs. Automatically, productivity in agriculture
will also decrease.Rising temperatures cause the ice and glaciers to melt in the North and South Poles.
This event caused a mass expansion of sea water and an increase in sea level. This has brought many
changes to life under the sea, such as bleaching coral reefs and the extinction of various types of fish. So
that it will reduce the production of fish and shrimp ponds and threaten the lives of coastal
communities.

Sea level rise will cause the destruction of fish ponds in some areas, can also damage the coral reefs in
the Indonesian sea.

Increased acidity from the ocean due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will have a
negative impact on marine organisms.By the middle of this century, the average river water flow and
water sustainability in sub-polar and wet tropical regions is expected to increase by 10-40%. While in
subtropical and dry tropics, water will be reduced by 10-30% so that areas now experiencing frequent
drought will get worse.